初中定语从句基础讲解.ppt

定语从句 AttributiveClause Yourbagisonthedesk 代词 Ilikehard workingstudent 形容词 Doyouhavesomethingtodrink 不定式 TheboyinblueisTom 介词短语 定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语 一般由代词 形容词 副词 介词短语 分词 短语 来充当 它常和名词一起构成名词短语 定语有前置定语和后置定语 前置定语多是单词的形式 后置定语多是短语或从句 什么是定语 什么是定语从句 在复合句中作定语 修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 定语从句的作用在句中相当于形容词 故又称为形容词性从句 试比较 Maryisabeautifulgirl Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair 形容词作定语 句子作定语 修饰girl 叫做定语从句 结构 先行词 关系词 句子 Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic 先行词 关系词 定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词 跟在先行词后 引导从句的词 修饰先行词的句子 定语从句 由一个句子充当定语 从句的位置 在名词或代词后 先行词 被定语从句修饰的词 引导词 引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词 引导词的作用 1 引导定语从句 2 在从句中作一成份 3 代替先行词在从句中的位置 关系词 that which who whom whosewhen where why 人 n who that 从句物 n that which 从句 关系代词 关系副词 关系词的判断 第一 看先行词 如果先行词是指人 关系代词可用that who whom whose 如果先行词指物 关系代词可用which或that 第二 确定关系词在从句中的成分 请看下表 第三 定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致 注 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 Thewomanwho thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother 主句 Thewomanismymother 叙述客观事实用一般现在时 从句 Thewoman who that spokeatthemeetingyesterday 句中yesterday表示过去时间 1 Themanisafarmer 2 Themanisspeakingatthemeeting 合并句子 Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisafarmer Maryisagirl Maryhaslonghair 合并为一个句子 Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair Ihaveanapple Anappleisred Ihaveanapple thatisred 修饰先行词anapple 主语 主语 关系词that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉 Ilikesomefriends Somefriendslikesports Ilikesomefriends wholikesports 修饰先行词friends 主语 主语 that 关系词who that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉 Ilikethemusic Icandancetothemusic Ilikethemusic thatIcandanceto 宾语 宾语 关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉 Ilikethegirl Youaretalkingtothegirl Ilikethegirl who m youaretalkingto 宾语 宾语 that 关系词who that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉 小结 that 既可指人 也可指物 作主语 不能省略 作宾语 可以省略 which 指物 作主语 不能省略 作宾语 可以省略 who 指人 作主语 不能省略 作宾语 可以省略 常用whom Who that在定语从句中作主语时 谓语动词的单复数英语先行词保持一致 Iprefershoesthatarecool Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports 关系代词who that的作用 a 做代词 代替先行词b 在从句中担任句子成分 主语或宾语c 做连词 把主句和从句连接起来 Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic 定语从句中需注意事项有些情况下只用关系词that 而不宜用which1 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时Thisisthemostinterestingstory that Ihaveeverheard Thefirstmeeting that wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon 2 先行词是something nothing anything等不定代词时Hereissomething that Iwilltellyou 3 先行词既有人也有物时 只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures that Isee 4 先行词是oneof theone 或用little much few no all some any theonly thevery thesame thelast修饰时Isittheonethatyouwant Ihaven tgotmuchthatIcanofferyou 5 当主句已有疑问词who或which时 用thatWhoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting 注 who that在指人可以通用 但下列宜用who 不用that1 先行词是anyone someone those时 关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere 2 在therebe句型中 先行词指人 关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim 练习 判断Who that在从句中担任主语还是宾语 IlovesingerswhowritetheirownsongsHeisthemanwhoImetyesterday IlikemusicthatIcandanceto Ipreferasandwichthatisreallydelicious 主语 宾语 宾语 主语 阅读下列句子 再用who that填空 1 Ihaveabrother likessoccer 2 Tomdoesn tlikemovies aretoolongandtooscary 3 Weprefergroups playloudandenergeticsongs 4 Helikesfriends oftenhelpeachother who that that that who that 请将下列题中的两个句子合并成一个句子 1 Ilikemusic Themusicisloudandexciting 2 Shelovesmovies Themoviesareromantic 3 Tonylikesmusic Hecandancetothemusic Ilikemusicthatisloudandexciting Shelovesmoviesthatareromantic Tonylikesmusicthathecandanceto Matchthetwosentences1 I mreadingabook ThebookisaboutBillGates 2 Heisateacher TheteacherteachesusChinese 3 Idon tliketheman Heissmoking 4 Whereisthepicture Youboughtitlastweek I mreadingabookthat whichisaboutBillGates Heisateacherwho thatteachesusChinese Idon tlikethemanwhoissmoking Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek whose作定语 表示所属关系 Theboyismyclassmate Theboy sfatherisapoliceman Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate Achild parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan 孤儿 A whoB whoseC who sD whichLookatthegirl nameisLucy A whoB thatC who sD whose 关系副词 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的 它和关系代词一样 在从句中代替先行词 在句中作状语 where 在从句中作地点状语 指代地点 when 在从句中作时间状语 指代时间 1 Thehotelwasn tclean Westayedatthehotel Thehotelwherewestayedwasn tclean Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn tclean Thehotel which westayedatwasn tclean 2 I llneverforgettheday IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague I llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague 关系副词 关系副词 在句中作状语关系副词 介词 关系代词why forwhichwhere in at on which 介词同先行词搭配 when during on in which 介词同先行词搭配 when指时间 在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 1 IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool 2 Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame where指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语 1 ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn 2 ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 1 Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane 2 Idon tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday 注意 关系副词引导的从句可以由 介词 关系代词 引导的从句替换 1 Thereasonwhy forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear 2 Fromtheyearwhen inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 when在定语从句中作时间状语 相当于 介词 关系代词 which I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague onwhich where在定语从句中作地点状语 相当于 介词 关系代词 which ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago inwhich 2 I llneverforgettheday IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague I llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague Thankyou