全新版大学综合英语教程Unit.ppt

BR main EnglishSong TeachYourChildren AboutEducation Warm upQuestions BR EnglishSong EnglishSong TeachYourChildren TeachYourChildren QuestionsandAnswers IntroductoryRemarks Crosby StillsandNash BR AboutEducation AboutEducation ASurvey APracticalExperiment EducationintheWest BR IntroductoryRemarks Waysoflearning isthetopicofthisunit Itisalsothetopicofthesongyouareabouttolistento calledTeachYourChildrensungbyCrosby StillsandNash IntroductoryRemarks BR IntroductoryRemarks2 BR TeachYourChildren1 TeachYourChildren Directions Listentothesongandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear You whoareMustthatyoucanliveby Andso becomeyourself Because isjustagoodbye Teachyourchildrenwell Theirfather shelldidslowlygoby AndfeedthemTheonetheypicks theoneyou llknowby ontheroad haveacode thepast onyourdreams BR TeachYourChildren2 Don tyoueveraskthemwhy iftheytoldyou youwillcry Sojustlookatthemandsighandknowtheyloveyou Andyou oftenderyears Can tthatyoureldersgrewby Andsopleasehelpthemwithyouryouth Theybeforetheycandie Teachyourparentswell Theirchildren shellwillslowlygoby AndfeedthemTheonetheypicks theoneyou llknowby knowthefears seekthetruth onyourdreams BR TeachYourChildren3 Don tyoueveraskthemwhy iftheytoldyou youwillcry Sojustlookatthemandsighandknowtheyloveyou BR QuestionsandAnswers QuestionsandAnswers 1 Whatisacodethatyoucanliveby Asetofrulestoguideyouontheroadoflife 2 Isthesongonlyabouthowparentsshouldteachtheirchildren No Thefirstpartofthesongisabouthowparentscanteachtheirchildrenthroughsharingwiththemtheirdreams Andinthesecondpart wearetoldthatchildrenalsohavesomethingtoteachtheirparents helpthemwithyouryouth 3 Doyouknowanythingaboutthesingers BR Crosby StillsandNash1 Crosby StillsandNash ThemusicalpartnershipofDavidCrosby b Aug 14 1941 StephenStills b Jan 3 1945 andGrahamNash b Feb 2 1942 wasnotonlyoneofthemostsuccessfultouringandrecordingactsofthelate1960s 1970s andearly1980s withthecolorful contrastingnatureofthemembers charactersandtheirconnectiontothepoliticalandculturalupheavals 动荡 剧变 ofthetime itwastheonlyAmerican basedbandtoapproachtheoverallsocietal 社会的 impactoftheBeatles Theresultingtrio 三人组 wascharacterizedbyauniquevocalblendandamusicalapproachthatrangedfromfolktopoptohardrock BR Crosby StillsandNash2 CSN s initialsofCrosby StillsandNash debutalbum 首张唱片 releasedin1969 wasperfectlyintune 合拍 withthetimes andthegroupwasaninstanthit Song list TeachYourChildrenSouthernmanOhioWoodstock BR ASurvey ASurvey Doyouagreewiththefollowingstatements 1 2 3 4 Playisthebestwaytolearn Childrendeveloplifeskillsbestthroughformalprograms Childrenarenaturallycurious inspired motivatedlearners butsometimestheenjoymentoflearningcangetlostinthepressureto succeed informaleducation Parentsarethemostimportantinstructorstothechildren sotheyshouldgiveasmuchguidanceaspossible BR APracticalExperiment1 Angelaisgivenahulahoopwithinstructionsonhowtouseit Jonathanisgivenahulahoopbutnoinstructions Whatkindofoutcomesdoyouexpect APracticalExperiment Twochildrenaregivenhulahoops atoytheyareunfamiliarwith Angelalearnstokeepthehulahoopinmotionbymovingherbodyincertainways Jonathanexploresthehoopanddiscoversit sbigenoughtostepthrough Hethenbalancesthehoopbetweentwoobjectsandpracticeskickingaballthroughthehoop Howdoyoucommentonthesetwooutcomes BR APracticalExperiment2 APracticalExperiment Twochildrenaregivenhulahoops atoytheyareunfamiliarwith Bothoutcomesaregood Angelalearnsausefulplayskill Jonathanuseshishoopinadifferent butequallyplayfulway Whichonedoyouthinkisbetterindevelopingthechildren screativity BR APracticalExperiment3 APracticalExperiment Twochildrenaregivenhulahoops atoytheyareunfamiliarwith BR APracticalExperiment4 APracticalExperiment Twochildrenaregivenhulahoops atoytheyareunfamiliarwith Angela becauseshefollowedthedirectionsgiven willhaveaskillshecanuseanytimeshewantstomoveherbodyinthatspecificway Theoutcomeislimitedtohavingfolloweddirectionsandmasteredaparticularskill Jonathan ontheotherhand hadtheexperienceofexploringanddiscoveringanitemhewasunfamiliarwith Heusedwhathelearnedaboutthiscircular shapedobjecttosolveaproblemofhisownandincorporated 结合 thehulahoopasaninnovativesolutiontohelp BR APracticalExperiment5 himdosomethingthathewantedtodo kickaballthroughatarget Jonathanlearnedhecouldusehisownobservationandexplorationtolearnaboutnewobjects Whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromthisexperiment BR EducationintheWest1 Muchofthecurrentdebateovereducationsurroundstheextenttowhichlearningshouldbeteacher basedorstudent based Whichofthetwoshoulddecidewhatshouldbelearned howitshouldbelearned andwhenitshouldbelearned ComparingWesternandAsianmethodsoflearningitisgenerallytruethatWesternmethodsaremorestudent centered expectingstudentstodiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanrelyingontheirteacherstotellthem Anextremeversionofthestudent centeredapproachcanbeseenatSummerhill aschoolinEnglandestablishedbytheeducationalistA S Neill There EducationintheWest BR EducationintheWest2 childrenhavecompletefreedomtodecidewhattheyaregoingtolearnandwhichlessonstheywillattend Iftheywishtheyneednotattendanyatall MainstreameducationinEnglandisfarmorestrict demandingthatchildrenattendlessonsandfollowanationalcurriculum Thiscurriculumandtheimportanceofachievinggoodexamresultstendtoreinforceamoreteacher centeredapproach asbothteachersandstudentsfindthepressureoftimeleaveslessopportunityforanexploratoryapproachtolearning BR Warm upQuestions1 Warm upQuestions 1 2 3 Ifyoufindatwo year oldboyistryingtoputakeyintoabox willyouhelphimimmediately Canyourecallhowyourparentstaughtyouinyourchildhood Didtheyliketoteachyoubyholdingyourhand Whichwaydidyoupreferwhenyouwereintroublewithoneofyourtoysinyourchildhood turningtoyourparentsforhelp orexploringbyyourselves GR main Scanning PartDivisionoftheText FurtherUnderstanding GR FurtherUnderstanding FurtherUnderstanding QuestionsandAnswers MultipleChoice QuestionsandAnswers GR Scanning1 Scanning ScanTextAanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse 1 Benjaminwasworriedthathecouldn tputthekeyintothebox F Benjaminwasnotbotheredatall 2 IntheChinesestaff sopinion theparentsshouldguideBenjamintoinsertthekey T GR Scanning2 3 Theauthorandhiswifedidn tcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededininsertingthekeyintotheslot T 4 FortheWesterners learningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmolding F TheChinesethinkthatlearningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmolding 5 Chineseteachersholdtheopinionthatskillsshouldbeacquiredasearlyaspossible whileAmericaneducatorsthinkthatcreativityshouldbeacquiredearly T GR PartDivisionoftheText1 PartDivisionoftheText Parts Para s MainIdeas 1 1 5 2 6 13 Thetextbeginswithananecdote Theauthor sthoughtsaremainlyaboutdifferentapproachestolearninginChinaandtheWest 3 14 Theauthorwindsupthetextwithasuggestionintheformofaquestion GR QuestionsandAnswers1 QuestionsandAnswers 1 HowdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinTextA Inthistext theauthorintroducesthetopicbythekey slotanecdote 轶事 Thereareseveralwaystointroduceatheme 1 Statingthetopicdirectly 2 Posingaquestion 3 Quotingafamoussaying 4 Relatingananecdoteoranincident GR QuestionsandAnswers2 2 SumupthecontrastbetweentheattitudeofthecoupleandthatofthehotelstafftowardBenjamin seffortsininsertingthekeyintotheslot Thecouple lethimexploreandenjoyhimself Thehotelstaff heldhishandandtaughthimhowtoinsertthekeycorrectly ContrastandcomparisonAcontrastbringsoutthedifferencesbetweentwoormorethingsofthesamekind whileacomparisonthesimilaritiesbetweenthem GR QuestionsandAnswers1 QuestionsandAnswers 1 ReadthefirstsentenceofbothPara6andPara7 anddecidewhatmethodofcomparisonandcontrastisusedhere One side at a timemethod Comparisonandcontrastcanbeorganizedintwomajorways 1 One side at a timemethod examineonesubjectthoroughlyandthenstarttheother 2 Point by pointmethod examinetwosubjectsatthesametime discussingthempointbypoint GR QuestionsandAnswers2 2 SumupthecontrastbetweenChineseandWesternwaystolearntofulfillatask TheChinese showachildhowtodosomething orteachbyholdinghishand TheWesterners teachachildtorelyonhimselfforsolutionstoproblems 3 ReadfromPara11toPara13 Whichmethodofcomparisonandcontrastisusedhere Point by pointmethod GR QuestionsandAnswers3 4 Thefollowingaretwotypesofattitudestowardcreativityandbasicskills WhichonebelongstotheChineseandwhichonebelongstotheWesterners TheChinese B puttingmoreemphasisonfosteringcreativityinyoungchildren thinkingthatskillscanbepickeduplater A givingprioritytodevelopingskillsatanearlyage believingthatcreativitycanbepromotedovertime TheWesterners GR MultipleChoice1 Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion GR MultipleChoice1A Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion A GR MultipleChoice1B Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion B GR MultipleChoice1C Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion C Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion GR MultipleChoice1D MultipleChoice D GR MultipleChoice1E Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay Howdoestheauthorendthistext A Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned B Proposingasolution C Quotingfromsomebookorperson D Predictingfuturedevelopments MultipleChoice E makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion E Foramonthinthespringof1987 mywifeEllenandIlivedinthebustlingeasternChinesecityofNanjingwithour18 month oldsonBenjaminwhilestudying artseducationinChinesekindergartensandelementaryschools ButoneofthemosttellinglessonsEllenandIgotinthedifferencebetweenChineseandAmericanideasofeducationcamenotintheclassroombutinthelobbyoftheJinlingHotelwherewestayedinNanjing DR Text1 LEARNING CHINESE STYLE RussellBaker ageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso hewouldusuallyfail Benjaminwasnotbotheredintheleast Heprobablygotasmuchpleasureoutofthesoundsthekeymadeashedidthosefewtimeswhenthekeyactuallyfounditswayintotheslot DR Text2 Thekeytoourroomwasattachedtoalargeplasticblockwiththeroomnumberonit Whenleavingthehotel aguestwasencouragedtoturninthekey eitherbyhandingittoanattendantorbydroppingitthroughaslotintoabox Becausethekeyslotwasnarrow thekeyhadtobepositionedcarefullytofitintoit Benjaminlovedtocarrythekeyaround shakingitvigorously Healsolikedtotrytoplaceitintotheslot Becauseofhistender DR Text3 NowbothEllenandIwereperfectlyhappytoallowBenjamintobangthekeynearthekeyslot Hisexploratorybehaviorseemedharmlessenough ButIsoonobservedaninterestingphenomenon Any ChinesestaffmembernearbywouldcomeovertowatchBenjaminand notinghislackofinitialsuccess attempttoassist HeorshewouldholdontoBenjamin shandand gentlybutfirmly guideitdirectlytowardtheslot repositionitasnecessary andhelphimtoinsertit The teacher wouldthensmilesomewhatexpectantlyatEllenorme asifawaitingathankyou andonoccasionwouldfrownslightly asifconsideringustobeneglectingourparentalduties IsoonrealizedthatthisincidentwasdirectlyrelevanttoourassignedtasksinChina toinvestigatethewaysofearlychildhoodeducation especiallyinthearts andtothrowlightonChineseattitudestowardcreativity AndsobeforelongIbegantointroducethekey slotanecdoteintomydiscussionswithChineseeducators TWODIFFERENTWAYSTOLEARNWithafewexceptionsmyChinesecolleaguesdisplayedthesameattitudeasthestaffattheJinlingHotel Sinceadultsknowhowtoplacethekeyinthekeyslot whichistheultimatepurposeofapproachingtheslot andsincethechildisneitheroldenoughnorcleverenoughtorealizethedesiredactiononhisown whatpossiblegainisachievedbyhavinghimstruggle DR Text4 Hemaywellgetfrustratedandangry certainlynotadesirableoutcome Whynotshowhimwhattodo Hewillbehappy hewilllearnhowtoaccomplishthetasksooner andthenhecanproceedtomorecomplexactivities likeopeningthedoororaskingforthekey bothofwhichaccomplishmentscan andshould induecoursebemodeledforhimaswell Welistenedtosuchexplanationssympatheticallyandexplainedthat firstofall wedidnotmuchcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededininsertingthekeyintotheslot Hewashavingagoodtimeandwasexploring twoactivitiesthatdidmattertous Butthecriticalpointwasthat intheprocess weweretryingtoteachBenjaminthatonecansolveaproblemeffectivelybyoneself DR Text5 DR Text6 Suchself relianceisaprincipalvalueofchildrearinginmiddle classAmerica Solongasthechildisshownexactlyhowtodosomething whetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslot drawingahenormakingup foramisdeed heislesslikelytofigureouthimselfhowtoaccomplishsuchatask And moregenerally heislesslikelytoviewlife asAmericansdo asaseriesofsituationsinwhichonehastolearntothinkforoneself tosolveproblemsonone sownandeventodiscovernewproblemsforwhichcreativesolutionsarewanted TEACHINGBYHOLDINGHISHANDInretrospect itbecamecleartomethatthisincidentwasindeedkey andkeyinmorethanonesense Itpointedtoimportantdifferencesintheeducationalandartisticpracticesinourtwocountries Whenourwell intentionedChineseobserverscametoBenjamin srescue theydidnotsimplypushhishanddownclumsilyoruncertainly asImighthavedone Instead theyguidedhimwithextremefacilityandgentlenessinpreciselythedesireddirection IcametorealizethattheseChinesewerenotjustmoldingandshapingBenjamin sperformanceinanyoldmanner InthebestChinesetradition theywerebazheshoujiao teachingbyholdinghishand somuchsothathewouldhappilycomebackformore DR Text7 DR Text8 Theideathatlearningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmoldingappliesequallytothearts Watchingchildrenatworkinaclassroomsetting wewereastonishedbytheirfacility Childrenasyoungas5or6were paintingflowers fishandanimalswiththeskillandconfidenceofanadult calligraphers9and10yearsoldwereproducingworksthatcouldhavebeendisplayedinamuseum Inavisittothehomesoftwooftheyoungartists welearnedfromtheirparentsthattheyworkedonperfectingtheircraftforseveralhoursaday CREATIVITYFIRST Intermsofattitudestocreativitythereseemstobeareversalofpriorities youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition andyoungChinesebeingalmostinseparablefromthetradition but overtime possiblyevolvingtoapointequallyoriginal OnewayofsummarizingtheAmericanpositionistostatethatwevalueoriginalityandindependencemorethantheChinesedo Thecontrastbetweenourtwoculturescanalsobeseenintermsofthefearswebothharbor Chineseteachersarefearfulthatifskillsarenotacquiredearly theymayneverbeacquired thereis ontheotherhand nocomparablehurrytopromotecreativity DR Text9 Americaneducatorsfearthatunlesscreativityhasbeenacquiredearly itmayneveremerge ontheotherhand skillscanbepickeduplater However Idonotwanttooverstatemycase ThereisenormouscreativitytobefoundinChinesescientific technologicalandartisticinnovationspastandpresent AndthereisadangerofexaggeratingcreativebreakthroughsintheWest Whenanyinnovationisexaminedclosely itsrelianceonpreviousachievementsisalltooapparent the Standingontheshouldersofgiants phenomenon DR Text10 DR Text11 ButassumingthatthecontrastIhavedevelopedisvalid andthatthefosteringofskillsandcreativityarebothworthwhilegoals theimportantquestionbecomesthis Canwegather fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes asuperiorwaytoapproacheducation perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills DR Sentence1 Becauseof Paraphrasethesentence Becausehewassoyounganddidn tquiteknowthatheshouldpositionthekeycarefullytofitintothenarrowkeyslot hewouldusuallyfail Becauseofhistenderageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso hewouldusuallyfail DR Sentence2 Benjaminwas Paraphrasethesentence Benjaminwasnotbotheredatall Benjaminwasnotbothered TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 本杰明一点也不在意 DR Sentence3 andto Paraphrasethispartofthesentence AndtohelpexplainChineseattitudestowardcreativity andtothrowlightonChineseattitudestowardcreativity DR Sentence4 sincethechild Whatdoesthedesiredactionreferto Positioningthekeycarefullytofitintotheslot sincethechildisneitheroldenoughnorcleverenoughtorealizethedesiredactiononhisown whatpossiblegainisachievedbyhavinghimstruggle Inyouropinion whatpossiblegaincanbeachievedbyhavingBenjaminstruggle Open ended DR Sentence5 Hemaywell Paraphrasethesentence Heislikelytogetfrustratedandangry Youuse maywell whenyouaresayingwhatyouthinkislikelytohappen Hemaywellgetfrustratedandangry DR Sentence6 Hewashaving Whatdothetwoactivitiesreferto Havingagoodtimeandexploring Hewashavingagoodtimeandwasexploring twoactivitiesthatdidmattertous Paraphrasetwo activitiesthatdidmattertous Towactivitiesthatwereimportanttous DR Sentence7 whetheritbe Analyzethestructureofthesentence Thesubjunctivemoodisusedhere Whetherhebepresentorabsent weshallhavetodoourpart whetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslot drawingahenormakingupforamisdeed Paraphrasethesentence Nomatterwhetheritisplacingakeyinakeyslot drawingahenormakingupforsomemistakes DR Sentence8 youngWesterners Whatdoesmakingtheirboldestdeparturesmean Doingsth differentfromanestablishedruleortradition youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition TranslatethispartintoChinese 西方的年轻人先是大胆创新 然后逐渐深谙传统 DR Sentence9 Butassuming Canyouanalyzethestructureofthissentence ButassumingthatthecontrastIhavedevelopedisvalid andthatthefosteringofskillsandcreativityarebothworthwhilegoals assuming that clause 假定 Youuseassumingthatwhenyouareconsideringapossiblesituationorevent sothatyoucanthinkabouttheconsequences Assumingthatweallworkatthesamerate weshouldbefinishedbyJanuary DR Sentence9 Butassuming TranslatethesentenceintoChinese Canwegather fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes asuperiorwaytoapproacheducation perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills 我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式 它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡 Doyouthinkthatwecanfindabetterwaytoapproacheducation whichstrikesabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills DR word attach attach vt fastenorjoin onethingtoanother Sheattachedanantennatotheradio Atagwasattachedtoeacharticle Pattern attachsth tosth beattachedtosth DR word initial initial adj oforatthebeginning first 最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础 theinitialletterofaword Theinitialtalkswerethebaseofthelateragreement 一个词的首字母 DR word await await vt waitfor Hewasanxiouslyawaitingherreply 他早就期待着这个时刻了 Hehaslongawaitedthismoment DR word onoccasion onoccasion nowandthen Ithas onoccasion createdtroubleforthebank 你有时使人们感到诧异 Youhaveonoccasionsurprisedpeople 这两个词组非常相似 但意思不同 onoccasion有时 间或 ontheoccasionof在 之际 onoccasion ontheoccasionof CF ontheoccasionofsb swedding DR word neglect1 neglect vt givetoolittleattentionorcareto neglectone smealsandsleep 离开时别忘了锁门 Don tneglecttolockthedoorwhenyouleave 这几个词都有忽略 遗漏之意 neglect ignore omit CF Thosewhoneglecttheirdutiesshouldbepunished 玩忽职守者应受惩罚 Whydotheyalwaysneglectthetrafficregulation 他们为什么老是不注意遵守交通规则呢 neglect指对职责 义务或应做的事没有给予足够的注意 这种忘记可能是有意的 也可能是无意的 例如 DR word neglect2 ignore指疏忽 不顾 强调对某人或某物故意不理会 有时还带有固执地拒绝的意味 例如 WhenIsawTom Istoppedtogreethim butheignoredmeandwalkedon 当我看到汤姆时 我停下来和他打招呼 但他没有理我继续往前走 Theteacherignoredmydifficultquestions 老师对我的难题置之不理 DR word neglect3 omit指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事 这种失误可能是有意或无意的 该词还可指删除不利或不必要的东西 例如 Sheshouldnotomittovisitthemuseum 她不应忘了去参观博物馆 Thethirdpartofthebookmaybeomitted 该书的第三部分可以删掉 DR word relevant relevant adj directlyconnectedwiththesubject Hiscolorisnotrelevanttowhetherhe sagoodlawyer 该证据与此案有关 Theevidenceisrelevanttothecase Pattern berelevantto DR word investigate1 investigate 1 vt trytofindoutinformationabout Scientistsareinvestigatinghowtheplanecrashoccurred Ifyouhearsucharumor investigateitthoroughly 2 vi makeadetail