《山西旅游》导游词(中英对照)

女士们，先生们，大家好！欢迎你们来山西旅游！我先将山西的概况介绍给大家，以方便我们随后的游览。Ladies and gentlemen, good morning! Welcome to travel in Shanxi! First of all, I will introduce the general situation of Shanxi Province to all of you to make our tourism convenient and enjoyable. 一文明摇篮 Cradle of Civilization 在人类迈入文明的门槛时，陶峙遗址向人们展示了陶峙人生活的方方面面。大约在距今 4500 多年以前，人类历史进入了原始社会晚期，人类的文明活动不仅遍布于今山西各地，而且更有着丰富的文化内涵，产生了著名的陶峙文化。 In mankinds entry into the threshold of civilization, Taozhi site shows all aspects of life of Taozhi people. At around 4500 years ago, the history of mankind entered a late primitive society, humans civilized activities not only took place in every region of Shanxi, but also had a rich cultural connotation, which became the famous Taozhi Culture. 在山西襄汾县的陶峙遗址，发掘到距今约 4200 年前的人类文化遗址，其中的 3 座年代早晚不同的城址特别是中期城址面积约为 280 万平方米，是目前所发现的黄河流域史前最大的一处城址，大致相当于传说中的尧、舜时代。仅从陶峙遗址就可以看出，那时已经出现了国家的雏形，展示着中华民族的文明之光。From Taozhi site of Xiangfen County in Shanxi, human cultural sites about 4200 ago were excavated. Among them, there were three townsites of different time. Particularly, the mid-termed townsite with an area of 2.8 million square metres is the biggest one in the prehistoric Yellow River basin discovered at present. Its period was roughly equivalent to the legendary Yao, Shun era. Only from Taozhi site we can see that the country has already appeared in its early form at that time, showing the light of civilization of the Chinese nation. 在中华民族的文明进程中，很早就发明了文字。在早期的文字记载中，以平阳为过渡的古唐国，是已知的中华民族最早的国家形态。而以安邑为都的禹，建立了中国历史上第一个一统中原的大王朝夏。In the process of civilization of the Chinese nation, characters were invented at a very early time. In the early days of the written records, ancient Tang country transited from Pingyang, is the first state pattern of the Chinese nation as far as we know. And Yu, taking AnYi as the capital, established the firs dynasty which was the unification of the central plains in Chinas history Xia. 史前三圣 The Three Prehistoric Sages在创造中华文明的传说中， “史前三圣”尧舜禹也成长于山西这方土地上。尧的大半生活动在山西，他做部落联盟首领时，建立起职能完备的城邦，确立了在当时诸方国中的地位，奠定了华夏文明的根基，而最早记载使用“中国”一词，讲述的就是尧建立的古唐国。尧的晚年把盟主的位置让给了比自己更有才华的舜。The fairy tales on the creation of Chinese Civilization read that the Three Prehistoric Sages- Sage Yao, Sage Shun and Sage Yu were all born in Shanxi. Sage Yao spent more than half of his life time in Shanxi, building up full-functioned cities after being the leader of all tribes, establishing his central position over the other states, thus laying the foundation of Chinas civilization. The word “China”, which was used in Ancient History of Previous Qin for the first time, refers to the Ancient Tang set up by Yao. In his late years, he demised his position to Sage Shun, who had more abilities than him.舜继位后在山西了做了许多好事，把原有的部落联盟会议逐渐演变成国家机关，使华夏文明迈出了坚实的一步。舜的晚年，又让位于禹。禹也非常杰出，做出了许多贡献。After succeeding to the throne, Sage Shun did many goods for his subjects. And he changed the tribe union meeting into a country department, which strengthened Chinas civilization further. As Yao did, he demised his position to Yu, who was also very eminent and had made many contributions.禹是中原部落联盟最后一位首领，也是中国历史上第一个国家政权的创建者。也就是从禹开始，中国进入了文明发展时期。禹还领导人民大规模治理洪水，使人民生活安定，并成为中国最早的水利专家，其功业永载史册。 Sage Yu was the last tribe leader in Central China, and the first builder of regime. And from this time, China came into times of developing civilization. He led people to control floods to make them have good living conditions and thus became the earliest hydraulic specialist, whose contributions to China would exist in Chinas history for ever.朋友们，在以后的时间我会向大家介绍更多的有关山西文明摇篮和史前三圣的故事，祝大家旅途愉快！Dear friends, I will introduce more stories about the Cradle of Civilization and the Three Prehistoric Sages of Shanxi Province to you in the later time. Have a nice trip, everyone! 二气候物产 Climate and Products 山西地势呈南北狭长状，东北高，西南低。这就是西南部比东北部气温明显要高的原因。当南部地区的运城酷热难耐之时，北部山峰，如五台山，正凉风习习，风景怡人。但是总体来说，山西省属于高原气候。春天来得晚，秋天来得早。Shanxi has a long narrow terrain running north to south. The northeast is high and the southwest is low, and this is the reason why the temperature in the southwest is significantly higher than that of the northeastern part. When the heat in the southern region of Yuncheng is intolerable, the northern part of the Mountain, like Mount Wutai is breezy and has a pleasant scenery. But, generally speaking, Shanxi province belongs to the highland climate with spring comes late and autumn comes earlier.山西自古以来就有“谷宜五种”之说，如运城地区宜种小麦、棉花，晋北山区宜种莜麦、土豆。即使同一汾河流域，两岸的平原稻谷飘香，两岸的山地则杂种玉米、高粱。而且由于不同的气候和不同的土地条件，已形成了不同风味的土特产，如沁州的小米、清徐的葡萄、原平的梨，都十分有名。此外，汾阳的核桃、稷山的枣等都是驰名一方的土特产品。农产品加工业,像汾阳生产的杏花村酒和清徐制造的老陈醋, 都特别有名, 已远销海外。Shanxi is suitable for a variety of crops to grow, such as wheat, cotton in Yuncheng and naked oats, potatoes in the mountainous area of north Shanxi. In the same region around the Fen River, on both sides of the plains are the fragrant grains and rice, while on both sides of the mountainous fields are the corns and sorghum. Because of the different climate and the different situation of land, different flavors of native products have been formed, such as Qinzhou millet, Qingxu grape, Yuanping pear and so on, they are all very famous. In addition, the walnuts of Fenyang and the dates of Jishan are also Shanxis famous native products. The processing of agricultural products, like Xinghua Village wine, a kind of wine which is made in Fenyang and the old mature vinegar which is made in Qingxu is particularly famous, which has already been sold overseas.山西矿藏丰富。矿物质, 特别是煤和铁储备非常丰富, 号称“媒铁之乡”。其中煤的藏量居全国各省之首，煤田遍及全省百分之八十以上的县市。炼铁技术先进,太原钢铁公司特种钢生产数量最大，世界闻名.Shanxi also has rich mineral resources. Minerals, especially the coal and the iron reserves are very substantial. Shanxi has long been known as “the town of iron and coal “. Coal reserves stay on the nations top list, coal fields can be found in more than 80 percent of the cities and counties throughout the province. Its smelting technology is very good, Taiyuan Iron and Steel Company has the largest quantities of productions of special steel, which is world famous.民俗风情 Folk Customs山西还有着丰富独特的民俗风情。晋中的民间社火、临汾的威风锣鼓、运城平陆的地窨院、忻州河曲的乡由民歌等等，都是古老文化的凝聚与沉积。襄汾丁村民俗博物馆、祁县民俗博物馆、定向民情馆，集中反映了晋南、晋中、晋北民间传统的岁时风俗、婚丧嫁娶、礼仪风习、民间工艺和文化娱乐，成为中国北方民族古老文化的缩影。Shanxi has abundant unique folk customs. Jinzhong Folk Festival, Linfen Drums, the PingLu Diyin Court of Yuncheng, Xinzhou Folk Songs and so on are all the coherences and depositions of ancient culture. The Xiangfen Ding Village Folk Museum, Qixian Folk Museum and Dingxiang Public Sentiment Museum, all reflect the traditional folk customs, weddings and funerals, etiquette, folk art and cultural ethos entertainment of south, central and north Shanxi, and which is the epitome of the ancient culture of the northern minorities. 山西人民勤俭质朴。在漫长的历史进程中，由于民族融合和不便利的交通，山西境内形成了大量的方言。从远古时代起, 我省就已经形成了众多的戏剧、秧歌（一种受欢迎的民间舞蹈）、民歌、杂耍表演, 等等。但是同样的一种娱乐活动, 在不同的地区却有着不同的表现形式。Shanxi people are hardworking, thrifty and simple. Because of the national integration in the long history of Shanxi Province and the inconvenient traffic, there have formed a large number of Shanxi dialects. From ancient times, our province has formed numerous dramas, yangko, (a popular rural folk dance), folk songs, variety shows and so on. But even it is the same amusement, it has different manifestations in different regions.但如今,便利的交通和通讯工具改变并大大拉近了人们之间的距离。随着我国经济的发展,人们越来越重视自己的生活质量。人们正尽力使古老的民俗文化留存下来, 使众多的方言不被遗忘。现在, 我们正以新的面貌欢迎所有的客人。五台山佛教文化节,太原国际面食节,平遥国际摄影展览, 都充分显示了我们这里的新特点。即使是剪纸、捏面人等这样的民间艺术,也已经走出了山西, 走出了国门, 流传到海外。But nowadays, the convenient traffic and communication has changed and greatly pulled the distance between people in different regions closer. With the development of our economy, people pay more attention to their life quality. People here are trying to keep the old folk culture from disappearing and numerous dialects from being forgotten. Now, we are here to welcome all the guests with a new appearance. Wutai Mountain Buddhism Culture Festival, Taiyuan International Pasta Day and Pingyao International Photography Exhibition, all fully demonstrate the new features. Even such folk arts as paper cutting, dough figurine, etc., have not only gone out of Shanxi, but also gone out of the country to overseas.朋友们，在以后的时间我会接着向大家介绍山西其他的气候物产和民俗风情，祝大家旅途愉快！Dear friends, I will introduce other climate and products and folk customs of Shanxi Province to you in the later time. Have a nice trip, everyone! 三风云人物 Men of the Honor黄河流经山西，孕育了无数英雄豪杰、仁人志士。在山西的历史上产生了一批辅国佐政的人才。其中著名的有蔺相如，狄仁杰，司马光，于成龙，陈廷敬等人，或负国君之重托，或当国家之大任，或系天下之安危，赫赫功绩，永垂史册。 The Yellow River flows through Shanxi that gave birth to the countless heroes and people with lofty ideals. In the history of Shanxi, those talented people who helped governing the country emerged in large numbers. Among them are the most well-known ones such as Lin Xiangru, Di Renjie, Sima Guang, Yu Chenglong, Chen Tingjing and so on. They were bearing the governors great trust, or undertaking the countrys important tasks, or concerning about the worlds safety. Their illustrious merit would be recorded in the history books for ever.其中，傅说（yue）是商朝君王武丁时期辅政 50 多年的宰相，大约于公元前 1350 年出生在平陆。天资聪明，虽生为奴隶，但由于精明能干，又善于思考，所以在长期的劳动中，发明了“版筑发”（古代筑墙时把土夹在两块木板中间的一种砌墙方法），用此法筑成堤坝，能有效地遏制洪水泛滥；筑成土墙，可以建筑城墙和房屋，这就保障了人们生活的安定和道路的畅通。Among them, Fu Yue was the prime minister of Wuding period of the Shang Dynasty, who served the king for more than 50 years. He was born in Ping Liu in about 1350 BC. Although born a slave, because he was intelligent and was good at thinking, he invented the “Banzhu Method“ ( an ancient way of building walls by putting earth between two boards) during his long-term labor. Using this method to build dams can effectively curb the flood. Using this method to build walls and houses can safeguard the peoples life and the smooth roads. 蔺相如是战国时期赵国的大臣，政治家，外交家，军事家。山西临汾人。他以国家利益为重，出使秦国，留下了流芳千古的“完璧归赵”的故事。而他与廉颇“将相和”的故事，又谱写了一曲公忠爱国的赞歌。这支歌，人们世代相传，激发着强烈的爱国情感，起着净化人们心灵世界的重要的教育意义，已成为我国传统文化中最为宝贵的精神财富。 Lin Xiangru was the minister of State Zhao in the Warring States Period. He was a politicians, a diplomat and a strategist. He was born in Linfen of Shanxi Province. He put the interests of his state first and went to State Qing with a task, leaving a legacy history “Wanbiguizhao“. The story “Jiangxianghe” between him and lian Po wrote a patriotic hymn. This song was passed on from generation to generation, stimulating strong patriotic emotions, playing an important role in purificating peoples mind with important educational significances, which has become the most valuable spiritual wealth in Chinas traditional culture. 山西由于地处中原农耕民族和北方游牧民族的交汇区，民族冲突和民族融合给山西人增添了新鲜的血液，也给山西人以强壮的体魄和勇武的精神。山西历来猛将如云，如李牧、卫青、霍去病、关羽、张辽、杨继业等。他们在不同的领域为中华民族的繁荣昌盛做出了贡献，他们是山西人的骄傲。Because Shanxi was in the intersection of the central China agricultural people and the northern nomads, the ethnic conflict and national fusion added fresh blood to Shanxi people, giving them strong bodies with the spirit of patriotism. Shanxi has as many valiant generals as the clouds, such as Li Mu, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Guan Yu, Zhang Liao, Yang Jiye, etc They made contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation in different fields, they are the pride of Shanxi people. 文 人 墨 客 Poets and Literary Men 如果说武将号令三军，冲锋陷阵，演绎出了石破天惊的一幕又一幕历史话剧、让人感佩不已的话，那么植根山西这方土的文人，更以他们的才华，展示出了人类最富魅力的华章。If we say the generals commanded the armed forces to charge forward, performing the thrilling and ground-breaking historical dramas time after time, letting people keep admiring them, then the scholars rooted in this field of Shanxi showed the brilliant work of human charm with their talent even more. 唐朝是一个空前强盛的朝代，而山西诗人是当时诗坛最活跃的一群，尤其是王勃，王之涣，王维，白居易,温庭筠等人，写出了很多千古名篇。王勃是“初唐四杰”之首，一联“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”，道尽了朋友间多少情谊；一句“落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色，”写尽了多少美景。此外，温庭筠擅长于填词，是中国早期最著名的词人。The Dang Dynasty was an unprecedented strong dynasy, and Shanxi poets were the most active ones all over the country, especially such poets as Wang Bo, Wang Zhihuan, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi, etc., all wrote their history masterpieces. Wang Bo was the first one of “the four most outstanding poets of the early Tang Dynasty “. “A bosom friend afar brings distant land near”expressed the deep friendship between friends. “ The autumn river sharaes a scenic hue with the vast shy. The evening glow parallels with a lonely duck to fly. “ described how beautiful the scenery was. Besides, Wen Tingjun was good at writng poetic lyrics, who was the most famous lyrics writer of early China. 就文章而言，以唐宋为盛，产生了名震文坛的“八大家”。明清时期，小说发展到中国封建社会的最高峰，产生了水浒传，西游记，红楼梦，三国演义等四大名著，其中三国演义的作者就是山西籍文人罗贯中。而水浒传也是由罗贯中在原作的基础上续写完成的。在史学上，汉代的司马迁和宋代的司马光前后辉映，而其中的司马光就是今山西夏县人，他所写的资治通鉴是不朽的传世巨作。As for articles, the most prestigious ones were produced in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Eight Great Men of Letters of the Tang and Song Dynasties appeared at that time which shocked the literary world. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, novels developed to the highest peak of China feudal society, producing the four great classics, namingly The Water Margin, Journey to the West, Dream of the Red Mansion and Three Kingdoms. Among them, the author of Three Kingdoms was Luo Guanzhong who was born in Shanxi. And The Water Margin was also completed by Luo Guanzhong who completed it on the basis of the original work. In historiography, Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty and Sima Guang of the Song Dynasty reflected each other while Sima Guang was a native of todays Xia County of Shanxi. The Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government written by him is an immortal masterpiece handed down from ancient times. 在哲学上，山西籍的李悝、荀子、王通、柳宗元、薛瑄、傅山等哲学思想家，都在中国历史上闪耀着智慧的光芒。在科学、佛学、文学、诗画、剧作、书法上，山西籍的裴秀、慧远、法显、王绩、宋之问、王翰、卢纶、白行简、司空图、米芾、元好问、白朴、关汉卿、郑光祖等，也都做出了杰出的贡献。 In the philosophical field, such Shanxi natives as Li Kui, Xun Zi, Wang Tong, Liu Zongyuan, Xue Xuan, Fu Shan were all great philosophers, who showed the shining light of wisdom in Chinese history. In the field of science, Buddhism, literature, poetry, drama and calligraphy, such Shanxi natives as Pei Xiu, Hui Yuan, Fa Xian, Wang Ji, Song Zhiwen, Wang Han, Lu Lun, Bai Xingjian, Sikong Tu, Mi Fei, Yuan Haowen, Bai Pu, Guan Hanqing and Zheng Guangzu all made their outstanding contributions. 朋友们，在以后的时间里我会接着向大家介绍更多的有关山西风云人物和文人墨客的故事，祝大家旅途愉快！Dear friends, I will introduce more stories about the Men of Honor and the Poets and Literary Men of Shanxi Province to you in the later time. Have a nice trip, everyone! 四 名 胜 古 迹 Scenic Spots and Historical Sites 厚重而光辉的历史必然会创造出灿烂的物质文明，但这些物质文明随着日月的流逝，能保存至今的只是沧海遗珠了。但山西至今仍有地面不可移动文物3.7 万多处，各级文物保护单位 6000 多处，全国重点文物保护单位 271 处，在全国各省份中位居第一。Heavy and glorious history certainly created brilliant material civilization, but with the passage of the time, these material civilizations which survived are just like the pearls dropped in the ocean. Shanxi now has more than 37000 immovable subaerial cultural relics, more than 6000 protected units of cultural relics of all levels, 271 national key units of cultural relics to be protected. It ranks the first place among all the provinces throughout the whole nation. 人类进入文明社会以后，凝聚着历史辉煌和古代山西人民智慧的北魏平城，晋阳古城，虽然已经不复存在了，但祭祀进贡开创者唐叔虞的晋祠，早已和当地的秀丽山水融为一体，成为山西大地上的一颗明珠。屹立在晋中平原上的平遥古城，以其近乎完美的城建规模，见证着三晋大地上曾经走过的岁月。最值得庆幸的是承载着晋商兴盛历史的乔家大院，王家大院，渠家大院，三多堂，日升昌等形成的晋商大院文化，又有着往日晋商们多少的艰辛和荣耀。与晋商大院文化相媲美的，还有隐藏在阳城山峦中的皇城相府。至于运城关云长的关帝庙，更是人们心中的尚武圣地。After human beings entered the civilized society, the Pingcheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Jinyang Ancient Town which condensed a glory history and ancient Shanxi peoples wisdom had ceased to exist. But the Jinci Temple, which was built to make sacrifices to the founder Tang Shuyu, has already mixed together with the local beautiful landscape as an organic whole and become a pearl of Shanxi. Standing on the plains of Central Shanxi, Pingyao Ancient City, with its nearly perfect urban construction scale, witnessed the history Shanxi has ever experience. More luckily, the Shanxi Traders Courtyard Culture composed by the Qiao Family Courtyards, Wang Family courtyards, Qv Family Courtyards, Hall of San-duo and Nison Chang, bearing the prosperity of the traders history, telling us how much hardship and glory the traders had experienced. Comparable with the Shanxi Traders Courtyard Culture is the Royal Residence of the Premier which was hidden in the expansion of the mountains. As for Guandi Temple built for Guan Yunchang in Yuncheng, which is rooted deeply in the hearts of the people who worship martial arts. 如果说中华民族有着悠久而辉煌历史的话，中华民族还是一个善于吸收外来文化的民族，这其中又以对佛教文化的吸收最为重要。佛教从东汉时期传入中国，魏晋南北朝时期已经非常兴盛。其中，佛教雕塑艺术达到了一个非常高的水平，山西大同云冈石窟就是其中最杰出的代表作。与佛教雕塑艺术同时兴盛的是佛教寺院艺术，被称为“四大佛教名山”之首的五台山就是坐落在山西的忻州市。佛教是融合了多种艺术的宗教，体现了极强的包容性。而道教，则是中国土生土长的宗教，北岳恒山，北武当山，永乐宫代表着道教文化的特有风韵。If we say the Chinese nation has a long and glorious history, we can also say the Chinese nation is still a nation which is good at absorbing foreign cultures and its absorption of buddhist culture is the most important. Buddhism was introduced into China since the Eastern Han Dynasty and became prosperous in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. Among them, the buddhist sculpture art reached a very high level, Yungang Grottoes in Datong City of Shanxi is one of the most outstanding masterpieces. Together with the prosperity of the buddhist sculpture art is the Buddhism temple art. Mt. Wutai is called “the head of the four famous buddhist mountains“ , which is located in Xinzhou City of Shanxi. Buddhism is the fusion of several religions, reflecting the strong religious toleration. But the Taoism was a Chinese native religion, Mt. Heng, North Wudang Mountain and Yongle Palace represent the unique charm of Taoism culture. 名 山 大 川 Famous Mountains and Great Rivers说完名胜古迹，接下来介绍下山西的名山大川。说到山西这方土，可堪称是“表里山河”，名山大川遍及全境，多层次的地理地貌展现了丰富的自然景观，全省可供观赏游览的名山风景地有 50 多处，面积万余平方公里。省内名山游中国五岳之一的北岳恒山，佛教四大名山之首的五台山，道教旅游胜地北武当山以及植被葱绿，气候宜人的五老峰，传说众多和引人入胜的绵山，藏山，黄围山，中国五大镇山之一的中镇霍山，栖息繁衍着国家一类保护动物褐马鸡的关帝山，及保存较好，研究最早的大同火山群。山西自古以来战略地位至关重要，而在群山之中的雁门关，平型关，娘子关，又为山西的自然景观增添了几多雄奇和惊险。After introducing the scenic spots and historical sites, next Ill introduce the famous mountains and great rivers of Shanxi. When we talk about Shanxi, we can say it is “covered with mountains and rivers”. Famous mountains and great rivers are everywhere throughout the whole territory. The multi-leveled geographic landscape makes a rich natural landscape, there are more than 50 scenic spots of famous mountains in this province, with an area of over 10000 square kilometers. Tourism about the famous mountains within Shanxi include Mt. Heng, (one of Chinas five most famous mountains), Mt. Wutai (the head of the four famous buddhist mountains), North Wudang Mountain (a Taoism resort), Wu Laofeng (with green plants and pleasant climate), Mt. Mian (fascinating and with many legends), Mt. Hidden, Mt. Huangwei, Mt. Huo (one of Chinas five Zhen mountains), Mt. Guandi (National level protected animal Hema chicken perched here), and the well-kept Datong volcano group which had been researched earliest. Since ancient times Shanxi has been in a very important strategic position. Yanmenguan, Pingxingguan and Niangziguan, which are among the mountains, add much magnificence and adventure to the natural landscape of Shanxi.黄河流经山西的西部，南部边界，其中，著名的黄河壶口瀑布素以激流汹涌澎湃，瀑声如雷轰鸣闻名于世，壶口瀑布以下的龙门三激浪和上游的天桥激流十分壮观。平定县娘子关城堡附近的娘子关瀑布也素以秀美绮丽闻名于世，而娘子关附近的“水上人家”，一家一景，如入山水画卷。山西境内湖泊泉水分布广泛，著名的运城盐池和宁武天池等湖泊群古老而有特色，地热水，矿泉水分布也相当广泛。全省有较大的泉 56 处，有 180 处热矿水泉达到国家医疗，饮用的水质标准，其中还有很多开展水上旅游活动。The Yellow River flows through the western and the southern boundary of Shanxi Province, of which the famous Yellow Rivers Hukou Waterfall, is well known for its stormy torrent and its thundery sound all over the world. The Longmen three tossing waves under the Hukou Waterfall and the overpass torrent on the upstream are magnificent. The Niangziguan Waterfall near Niangziguan castle in Pingding County is also famous for its beautiful and pretty scenery, while the “ floating homes of the boat people “ near Niangziguan, with one scenery in each home, looks just like a landscape picture scroll. There is a wide distribution of lakes and springs in Shanxi Province. The famous lake groups such as Yanchi in Yunch