精编高考英语新题型研读与训练新题型03 应用文写作含详细解析

精编高考英语新题型研读与训练新题型 03 应用文写作含详细解析新题型 03 应用文写作2016 年 10 月起，浙江省高考英语科目启用了新题型，其中写作分为两部分，第一部分为应用文写作，要求考生根据所给情景，写一篇 80 词左右的短文。【题型分析】应用文属实用文体，有严格的语境限制，比如确定的时间、地点，确定的对象、范围，确定的行文目的等。因此，应用文写作应力求主旨鲜明，格式正确，语言简练，语气因人因事而异。书信、电子邮件是常见的应用文写作考查题型，主要包括询问信、致歉信、致谢信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、求职信等，其次应用文还有：通知、发言稿、便条、日记、通知、调查报告扥。写作时要注意格式正确，包含称呼语（salutation） ，正文（body） ，结束语（complimentary close） ，签名（signature） 。如在 2016 年 10月的试卷中，应用文写作的要求是给未曾谋面的加拿大的住家（homestay）写一封咨询信（Letter of Inquiry） 。写作时遣词应尽量客气一些，行文应力求具有亲和力，切忌使用一些艰深的大词，也不宜使用一些结构过于杂糅的长句。3、对学生能力的要求应用文相对于之前高考中的议论文、记叙文，更要求应用性、规范性、简明性。这要求学生对各个文体尤其是邮件和信件格式的熟悉掌握，且需注意应用文所要求的语言表达与议论文、记叙文的区别。因此我们会着重培养学生的格式熟悉度以及相关重要句式的表达。假定你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘，内容包括：1. 口语能力：2. 相关经验；3. 应聘目的。注意：1. 词数 80 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【思路点拨】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写应聘信。第一步：根据提示可知，学校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。要求写封应聘信，内容包括：1. 口语能力：2. 相关经验；3. 应聘目的。第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词（组） 。第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。【范文】Dear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English association.I have a good command of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can communicate well with native speakers of English. Whats more, I am kind and friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.Im particularly interested in this job because I want to further improve my oral English capabilities and interpersonal communication skills.Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.Yours faithfully,Li Hua写好应用文的第一步是准确审题。审题并不仅仅指读题，而是一个思维过程。审题可以从以下几个方面入手：1、判断体裁应用文的种类繁多，按其性质可分为一般性应用文和公务文书。一般性应用文包括书信、便条、请帖、聘书、海报、启事、证明、电报、便函等；公务文书包括布告、通告、指示、命令、请示等。本试题创设了一个语言情境，让考生以李华的身份给英国朋友Chris 写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加郊游。也就是说，试题要求考生写一封邀请信，这属于一般性应用文中最常见的类型：书信。2、确定格式不同类型的应用文其格式和结构是不同的。本试题的格式是书信，要求写明写信的对象（即称呼）和写信人（即署名） ，正文前可适当添加问候语，如How are you doing？或Long time no see。等。考生必须熟知书信类应用文的格式，准确写出称呼语、标点、结尾语和署名，以符合英语的写作习惯。3、理清要点邀请信中需要包括三个要点：告知参加者、郊游的时间和地点、活动内容登山和野餐。当然考生可适当增加细节，如组织郊游的目的、登山中可以做什么、除登山和野餐外是否有其他的活动、参加郊游的意义等等。在整理要点时，考生应该特别注意以下 3 点：这是一次郊游，而不是到外地或到国外去游玩的长途旅行。郊游的时间应该具体到某一天，不要笼统地说下周，最好告知几点钟集合出发。既要介绍郊游的地点，又要尽量避免透露考生信息。例如：若考生写到 Yandang Mountain 表明该考生可能来自温州地区，若考生写到 the West Lake 表明该考生可能来自杭州地区。那么怎样巧妙地避免这个问题呢？考生可以将地点模糊化，如使用 Green Mountain， the Central Park 等。4、明确对象写作对象决定了考生该使用的语言和语气、写信人和收信人之间的关系、书信用语的正式度和委婉程度等。本试题中，考生的身份是学生，写作的对象是考生的外籍朋友。既然是朋友，两者是平辈的关系，就不适合使用过度的敬辞或谦辞，如 I would appreciate it if you could come。；朋友之间一般会用 Hope to see you there。或 Hope you can make it。既然是朋友，彼此应该熟知对方的 email 地址，看到寄信人的地址就应该知道是谁的来信，所以在邮件的开头根本没有必要介绍自己的身份。如有些考生写道：I m Li Hua， your friend。明显就不符合逻辑和常识。5、分析语言应用文作为一种实用性文体，是用来说明事实、解决实际问题的，侧重于以事告人。所以语言要求自然得体、朴实无华、开门见山、清晰流畅。本试题是邀请信，首先要掌握的是常用套语，例如在书信的开头常用：Im writing to invite you to 信件的结尾常用：Looking forward to your early reply。或I really hope you can come。等。其次，邀请信中的书面用语要符合朋友关系的身份设定，切忌使用过度的敬辞或谦辞。时态应以一般现在时和一般将来时态为主。应用文常用句型及习惯表达1. 书信开头I was delighted/glad to receive your letter. 很高兴收到你的来信。 I have received your letter of June the 29th. 我收到了你于 6 月 29 日的来信。Hows it going? 最近怎么样？ You asked me about(problem, question.), now let me give you some advice. 你在来信中询问我，现在让我给你一些建议。 It has been a long time since we met. 我们很久没见面了。 How time flies! Its three months since I saw you last time. 时间过得真快！我们有三个月没见面了。 Im writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我写信是为了感谢你对我在美国期间的帮助。 2. 结尾 I am looking forward to receiving your letter. 我期待你的来信。 I am looking forward to your early reply. 我期待您早日回复。Please write to me as soon as possible. 请尽快回信。 Good luck./ Wish you the best. 祝你好运！ With best wishes. 致以我诚挚的祝福。 Wish you sucess. 祝你成功。 Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 Please remember me to your family. 请代我向你的家人问好。 Id appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 请尽快回信，我将不胜感激。 应用文常见文体写作模板1. 感谢信 (Letter of Thanks)写作模板Dear _(对象), I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for_(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in_(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been_(没有对方帮助会产生的后果). Everyone agrees that it was you who _(给出细节). Again, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you. Please accept my sincere thanks. Yours Sincerely,Li Hua 2. 道歉信 (Letter of Apology)写作模板 1Dear _(对象),I am truly sorry that _(道歉的原因).The reason is that _(介绍原因). Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming写作模板 2Dear _(对象),I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that _ (直接表达自己不能实现先前的愿望或约定). Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret_ (表达歉意). Please accept my sincere apology_(诚恳希望对方能接受道歉). I fear you are displeased at _(表达出自己的心情，并请求对方原谅).I hope you will understand me and excuse me for_(过渡句). Let me explain(开始介绍道歉的原因 ). The reason for my delay/absence was that _(阐述自己当时的处境和情况). I had no way out because _ (总结自己道歉的原因). Therefore its not in my power to _(希望下次再次实现愿望). Naturally, I want to suggest _. I shall be glad if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you_(约定下次约会的时间和地点)We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.Sincerely Yours, Li Hua3. 邀请信 (Letter of Invitation)写作模板Dear_,There will be a_(内容) at/in_(地点) on_(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us.The occasion will start at_(具体时间). This will be followed by a_(进一步的安排). At _(时间), we will have _(另一个安排).I really hope you can make it. RSVP before_(通知你的最后期限).Yours Sincerely,Li Hua4. 推荐信 (Letter of Recommendation)写作模板Dear _ ,It affords me much pleasure to recommend _(要推荐的人)to you.During his/her graduate years he/she was my _ . As his/her _ I found him/her _. (介绍与此人的关系)His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. First, he/she had been and showed great talents in _ . In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. He/She has developed a strong sense of _, and working with him/her is always pleasant. I can state that he/she has all the qualities of being _.(介绍此人的能力)Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university？I am sure that his/her future work will prove worthy of your trust. I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming5. 建议信 (Letter of suggestion)写作模板Dear_,You have asked me for my advice with regard to_, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: _(建议的内容).I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.Good luck with your_(祝愿 ).Yours Sincerely,Li Hua6. 申请信 (Letter of Application)写作模板Dear Sir or Madam,I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in_(报纸名称) of_(广告发布时间).Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but also I have the right personality for a _ (工作名称). On one hand, _(第一个原因). On the other hand, _(另一个原因).Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at_(电话号码).Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.Yours Sincerely, Li Hua5. 祝贺信 (Letter of Congratulations) 祝贺信模板Dear_,(1)I have learned with delight that you_.(2)I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on _ _.(3)You must be very proud of your _.(4)And I feel very happy for you.(5)_ _ is quite exciting news!(6)You are really_ .(7)I know this is surely owing to_ _ .(8)It is a reward you deserve for your _ .(9)With your_ _, I am sure that you will be a success in whatever you undertake.(10)Kindly let me know when you_ .(11) I hope .(12)My best wishes for your further success.Sincerely Yours, Li Ming (1)获悉值得祝贺的消息，说出祝贺事由(2)表达祝贺(3)描述对方的心情(4)表达自己的心情(5)被祝贺人所取得的成绩(6)对对方的赞美(7)对方取得成绩的原因(8)对对方取得成绩的肯定，说出被祝贺人的优点(9) 被祝贺人的优秀品质，表达对对方的祝福(10)咨询对方的情况和时间(11)表达愿望(12)表达自己真诚的祝福7.投诉信Dear _, I am _（自我介绍）. I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about _. The reason for my dissatisfaction is _（总体介绍）. In the first place, _（抱怨的第一个方面） . In addition, _（抱怨的第二个方面）. Under these circumstances, I find it _（感觉）to_（抱怨的方面给你带来的后果）. I appreciate it very much if you could _（提出建议和请求）, preferably _（进一步的要求）, and I would like to have this matter settled by _（设定解决事情最后期限） . Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.8.演讲稿/发言稿模板Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen,Its a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech._（表示荣幸）My name is _.（自我介绍）The topic of my speech is _.（提出演讲主题）To begin with, many people suggest that _.（话题或现象列举）Secondly, _. Thirdly, _ .What I want to stress is that _.（重申主题）For one thing, . For another, . Besides, _.（原因或重要性列举）In a word, _.（总结）模板Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone,Its nice to see all of you here. I feel honored to have opportunity to give/make/deliver you a speech is a great pleasure for me to speak here. The topic of my speech is _./Today I will talk about _. /Its nice to talk /speak about(演讲的主题) First of all, _. Besides, _. Secondly, _. Whats more, _(具体内容)As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, _. From what has been discussed above, we can safely draw the conclusion that _. Thanks for your attention/listening.(总结演讲)9.日记模板一(月、日、年、星期、天气)(标题 )Today/Yesterday, I/we .(事件)In the morning, we _; then _; after that_ . By the time we had a good time. Finally . Ill never forget the memorable day! _ (事件经过)From this activity, I have learned that/I think . _ (事件意义和自己的感想)模板二Date Day of the week Today is _. This afternoon I went to _. Then I_. Sitting on the train, I thought _. At the next station, _. She looked _. I hesitated _. The old lady _. Seeing her smile, I _. I will _. 10.便条_(称呼)Im going _, and wont be back until _. I have _.(交代留便条的原因)At about 1 oclock this afternoon, _called, saying that _. She left _, but said that _. She wanted you to _. She has already _.(便条内容)_1 (2017浙江卷)假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英国朋友 Chris 写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：1. 参加者；2. 时间、地点；3. 活动：登山、野餐等。注意：1. 词数 80 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【范文】Dear Chris,How are you now? The purpose of my writing is to tell you that there will be an outgoing for us these days. I would be honored to have you there with us, enjoying the colorful days.The occasion will start on the next Sunday morning. We will go to Siming Mountain, where we can have a climb. Whats more, we can also hold a picnic party with the local people.I really hope you can make it. And I do look forward to receiving your reply letter as soon as possible.2（2018新课标卷 I）假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友 Terry 将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1到达时间；2合适的礼物；3餐桌礼仪。注意：1词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【写作指导】本文是一篇书信类应用文写作。餐桌礼仪也是考生比较熟悉的话题。成文时注意以下几点：一、内容要点要齐全 1到达时间；2合适的礼物；3餐桌礼仪。二、时态：主要用一般现在时和将来时；三、人称：二、三人称。四、注意使用恰当的高级词汇、短语或句型，以提高作文的水平；五、适当使用一些连接词和插入语，使文章表达自然、流畅。【范文】Dear Terry,How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to put forward some advice.Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice.If you have any other problems, please dont hesitate to contact me. Yours Li Hua3 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Peter 沉溺于网络游戏不能自拔，甚至不听父母劝阻想要离家出走。请根据以下要点提示，写信劝他放弃这个想法。1.网瘾的危害；2.要尊重父母并道歉；3.建议他管理好自己的时间。注意：1.词数 80 左右；可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已经给出；不计入总词数。Dear Peter,Im sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because of your conflict with your parents._Im looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【范文】Dear Peter,Im sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because of your conflict with your parents.I think its unwise to make such a decision. Addicted to playing online games, you are not only wasting your Im looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua4假设你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tom 来信询问雾霾严重时你校如何保证正常上课。请你根据以下要点给 Tom 回信：1.政府在学校安装新风系统；2.家长捐献空气净化器；3.学校减少户外活动。参考词汇：雾霾 haze；新风系统 fresh air system；空气净化器 air purifier注意：1.词数 80 左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【范文】Dear Tom,I am writing in response to your concern about ways of ensuring normal teaching activities in our school in case of heavy haze. Thanks for your concern anyway.Several parties are involved in fighting haze. First of all, the government has funded the installation of the fresh air system. Second, enthusiastic parents have donated enough air purifiers which help improve the air quality. Whats more, our school limits the time for outdoor activities, exposing us to as little polluted air as possible.Thanks to the joint efforts, we are now enjoying our school life.Yours,Li HuaOrDear Tom,Thanks for your concern about heavy haze affecting normal teaching activities in our school. We have actually taken several practical measures to handle it.I do believe this disturbing issue will be solved pretty soon in China. z!xxkYours,Li Hua5假如你是李华。你的美国网友 Peter 来信询问你校学生社团的开展情况。请你给他写封回信，要点包括：1.学生社团简介；2.特色学生社团。注意：1.词数 80 左右；2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Peter,I am writing to make a brief introduction to the student societies in our school, in which you show interest in your letter._What about the student societies in your school? I am expecting to exchange more with you in the future.Yours,Li Hua【范文】Dear Peter,I am writing to make a brief introduction to the student societies in our school, in which you show interest in your letter.The student societies in our school come in many varieties. First of all, there are societies where we develop our hobbies and interests, and broaden our horizons. Whats more, if you are interested in making things and improving your skills, you can join such societies as “Kite Flying“.What about the student societies in your school? I am expecting to exchange more with you in the future.Yours,Li Hua