英文投稿需注意的事项ppt课件

英文医学投稿需注意的事项 1 英文医学投稿需注意的事项 正确选择期刊投稿前的准备投稿后若干事宜国人投稿英文杂志易犯错误讨论 2 正确选刊 SCIorSCIexpandedSpecializedorgeneralmedicine 综合医学和内科学SCI 62种SCIexpanded 160种外科学SCI 90种SCIexpanded 188种肿瘤学SCI 36种SCIexpanded 185种 3 正确选刊 IF 外科核心 4 正确选刊 IF 外科扩展 5 正确选刊 IF 外科 6 正确选刊 IF 肿瘤学 7 正确选刊 Scope 论文主题是否在刊物的征稿范围内期刊的声望撰写格式是否与刊物要求一致Aboutus期刊的稿约 Instructionstoauthors 期刊的目录 TableofContents 8 正确选刊 其它 刊出率审稿周期刊出周期 某些期刊刊登文章的投稿和接收日期 submittedandaccepteddates 作者可据此计算出论文出版时滞 发表周期 版面费注意广告数量 以间接判断期刊质量 9 举例 AnnSurg AnnalsofSurgeryisamonthlyjournalthatconsidersforpublicationoriginalarticlesinthefieldofsurgery TheEditorialBoardconsidersonlypapersjudgedtooffersignificantcontributionstotheadvancementofsurgicalknowledge Suchmanuscriptsmayreportoriginalclinicalorlaboratorystudies newsurgicaltechniques orcomprehensivereviewsontimelysurgicaltopics Casereportsarerarelyacceptedandwillbeconsideredonlyiftheypresentbreakthroughorotherwisecompellingsurgicalevents AmericanSurgicalAssociationEuropeanSurgicalAssociationLippincottWilliams Wilkins IF 7 9 2009 10 1 JiWB etal Robotic AssistedLaparoscopicAnatomicHepatectomyinChina InitialExperience AnnSurg 2010Dec3 Epubaheadofprint 2 HuangJ ArandomizedtrialcomparingradiofrequencyablationandsurgicalresectionforHCCconformingtothemilancriteria AnnSurg 2010Dec 252 6 903 12 3 ManK Molecularsignaturelinkedtoacutephaseinjuryandtumorinvasivenessinsmall for sizelivergrafts AnnSurg 2010Jun 251 6 1154 61 4 HongL TheprognosticandchemotherapeuticvalueofmiR 296inesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma AnnSurg 2010Jun 251 6 1056 63 5 GaoM VyproIImeshforinguinalherniarepair ametaanalysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials AnnSurg 2010May 251 5 838 42 6 YangT Hepatectomyforbilateralprimaryhepatolithiasis acohortstudy AnnSurg 2010Jan 251 1 84 90 7 ZhaoG Openmeshtechniquesforinguinalherniarepair ameta analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials AnnSurg 2009Jul 250 1 35 42 8 SunZ AnovelsubclassificationofpT2gastriccancersaccordingtothedepthofmuscularispropriainvasion superficialmuscularispropriaversusdeepmuscularispropria subserosa AnnSurg 2009May 249 5 768 75 9 FuSY Liverresectionwithselectivehepaticvascularexclusion acohortstudy AnnSurg 2009Apr 249 4 624 7 10 ZhouWP Aprospective randomized controlledtrialofpreoperativetransarterialchemoembolizationforresectablelargehepatocellularcarcinoma AnnSurg 2009Feb 249 2 195 202 11 YangLY Solitarylargehepatocellularcarcinoma aspecificsubtypeofhepatocellularcarcinomawithgoodoutcomeafterhepaticresection AnnSurg 2009Jan 249 1 118 23 12 NgKH NgDC CheungHY WongJC YauKK ChungCC LiMK Laparoscopicresectionforrectalcancers lessonslearnedfrom579cases AnnSurg 2009Jan 249 1 82 6 13 LauWY LaiEC Thecurrentroleofradiofrequencyablationinthemanagementofhepatocellularcarcinoma asystematicreview AnnSurg 2009Jan 249 1 20 5 Review 14 ChanSC FanST LoCM LiuCL WeiWI ChikBH WongJ Adecadeofrightliveradult to adultlivingdonorlivertransplantation therecipientmid termoutcomes AnnSurg 2008Sep 248 3 411 9 15 ManK LoCM XiaoJW NgKT SunBS NgIO ChengQ SunCK FanST Thesignificanceofacutephasesmall for sizegraftinjuryontumorgrowthandinvasivenessafterlivertransplantation AnnSurg 2008Jun 247 6 1049 57 16 WangTT HuSY GaoHD ZhangGY LiuCZ FengJB FrezzaEE IlealtranspositioncontrolsdiabetesaswellasmodifiedduodenaljejunalbypasswithbetterlipidloweringinanonobeseratmodeloftypeIIdiabetesbyincreasingGLP 1 AnnSurg 2008Jun 247 6 968 75 17 ChanAC PoonRT NgKK LoCM FanST WongJ Changingparadigminthemanagementofhepatocellularcarcinomaimprovesthesurvivalbenefitofearlydetectionbyscreening AnnSurg 2008Apr 247 4 666 73 18 ChengCH GrahamCA GabbeBJ YeungJH KossmannT JudsonRT RainerTH CameronPA Traumacaresystems acomparisonoftraumacareinVictoria Australia andHongKong China AnnSurg 2008Feb 247 2 335 42 19 ChanSW LaVigneKA PortER FeyJV BrogiE BorgenPI CodyHS3rd Doesthebenefitofsentinelnodefrozensectionvarybetweenpatientswithinvasiveduct invasivelobular andfavorablehistologicsubtypesofbreastcancer AnnSurg 2008Jan 247 1 143 9 20 LauWY LaiEC LeungTW YuSC Adjuvantintra arterialiodine 131 labeledlipiodolforresectablehepatocellularcarcinoma aprospectiverandomizedtrial updateon5 yearand10 yearsurvival AnnSurg 2008Jan 247 1 43 8 11 举例 ENDOSCOPY Originalarticle caserepot letter images reviewFasttracing GeorgThiemeVerlagKGEuropeanSocietyofGastrointestinalEndoscopy ESGE andaffiliatedsocieties 12 举例 ArchivesofSurgery Beganpublicationin1920 Theacceptancerateisabout32 Theaveragetimefromacceptancetopublicationis10months Its2009impactfactoris4 323 TheeditorisJulieAnnFreischlag MD theWilliamStewartHalstedProfessorandchairoftheDepartmentofSurgeryatJohnsHopkinsMedicalInstitutionsinBaltimore MD Monthly NewEnglandSurgicalSocietyandthePacificCoastSurgicalAssociation 13 举例 AnnSurgOncol The2009ImpactFactorforAnnalsofSurgicalOncologyhasrisento4 130 Thejournalisnowranked6of166journals makingitthetoprankedoncologyjournalinsurgery ThemissionoftheAnnalsofSurgicalOncologyistoserveitsreadersby1 representingandadvancingtheprofessionofsurgicaloncologythroughoutthenationandtheworld 2 promotingthehighestqualitymultidisciplinarypatientcareandpracticemanagement 3 providingrelevantcancereducationandresearchtrainingmaterialsusingprintandelectronicmedia 4 promotingclinicalandtranslationalcancerresearch withanemphasisonclinicaltrials 5 facilitatingthecareerdevelopmentofsurgicaltraineesandtheirtransitionintoacademicandcommunity basedpractice and6 promotingpublicpolicyandpatientadvocacyissuesrelatedtosurgicalpatientwithcancer 14 举例 JournalofLaparoendoscopic AdvancedSurgicalTechniques aninternational peer reviewedjournalforpracticingsurgeons TheJournalfocusesonthelatestcutting edgesurgicaltechniquesandadvancedsurgicaltechnologiesthatencompassthefollowing Laparoscopy Minimallyinvasivesurgery Endoscopy NOTES Robotics otheradvancedsurgicaltechnologiesandtechniquesRecognizingthatmanynewtechnologiesandtechniqueshavesignificantoverlapwithmanysurgicalspecialties itisthefirstjournaltofocusonthesetopicsbothingeneralandpediatricsurgery andincludesothersurgicalsubspecialtiessuchas UrologyGynecologicsurgeryThoracicsurgeryandmore TheJournalisideallysuitedtosurgeonswhoareearlyadoptersofnewtechnologyandtechniquesandyoungersurgeonswhowanttokeepupwiththenewestthinkingandtechnologiesinsurgery SCIIF 1 012MonthlyInternationalPediatricEndosurgeryGroup 15 举例 TRANSLATIONALRESEARCH TranslationalResearchdeliversclinicalinvestigationandresearcharticlestophysicians academicclinician scientists andlaboratoryconsultants Interdisciplinaryandcross disciplinaryinscope itkeepsreadersup to dateonsignificantbiomedicalresearchfromallsubspecialtiesofinternalmedicine TranslationalResearchisknownandrespectedaroundtheworld TheJournalisrecommendedforinitialpurchaseintwoBrandon Hillstudies SelectedListofBooksandJournalsfortheSmallmedicalLibraryandSelectedListofBooksandJournalsinAlliedHeathSciences IF 1 984 16 举例 JAMA JAMA publishedcontinuouslysince1883 isaninternationalpeer reviewedgeneralmedicaljournalpublished48timesperyear JAMAisthemostwidelycirculatedmedicaljournalintheworld JAMAispublishedinmultipleinternationaleditionsandlanguages JAMA s2008impactfactoris31 7 JAMA sacceptancerateisapproximately9 ofthenearly6000solicitedandunsolicitedmanuscriptsitreceivesannually itsaveragetimefromsubmissiontopublicationis95daysandaveragetimefromreceipttorejectionis8days TheEditor in ChiefofJAMAisCatherineDeAngelis MD MPH 17 举例 TheLancet Thejournalwas andremains independent withoutaffiliationtoamedicalorscientificorganisation Morethan180yearslater TheLancetisanindependentandauthoritativevoiceinglobalmedicine Weseektopublishhigh qualityclinicaltrialsthatwillaltermedicalpractice ourcommitmenttointernationalhealthensuresthatresearchandanalysisfromallregionsoftheworldiswidelycovered CriticalappraisalofresearchandreviewsisensuredbystrongCommentandCorrespondencesections TheLancet sopinionandpersonalityiscommunicatedbythreeeditorialseveryweek andthecontinuedsuccessofourmonthlyspecialtytitlesensuresthatTheLancetdeliversin depthknowledgeinkeymedicaldisciplinesBetweenourfirstonlinepublicationin1996andtoday 18 举例 NEJM a ORIGINALRESEARCHOriginalArticlesarescientificreportsoftheresultsoforiginalclinicalresearch Thetextislimitedto2700words withanabstract amaximumof5tablesandfigures total andupto40references SpecialArticlesarescientificreportsoforiginalresearchinsuchareasaseconomicpolicy ethics law andhealthcaredelivery Thetextislimitedto2700words withanabstract amaximumof5tablesandfigures total andupto40references b CLINICALCASESBriefReportsusuallydescribeonetothreepatientsorasinglefamily Thetextislimitedto2000words amaximumof3tablesandfigures total andupto25references Theybeginwithabriefsummaryofnomorethan100words ClinicalProblem Solvingmanuscriptsconsiderthestep by stepprocessofclinicaldecisionmaking Informationaboutapatientispresentedtoanexpertclinicianorcliniciansinstages indicatedbyboldfacetypeinthemanuscript tosimulatethewaysuchinformationemergesinclinicalpractice Theclinicianresponds inregulartype asnewinformationispresented sharinghisorherreasoningwiththereader Thetextshouldnotexceed2500words andthereshouldbenomorethan20references Theuseofclinicalillustrativematerials suchasx rayfilms isencouraged CaseRecordsoftheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalaresolicitedbytheCaseRecordseditors c REVIEWARTICLESReviewarticlesareusuallysolicitedbytheeditors butwewillconsiderunsolicitedmaterial PleasecontacttheeditorialofficebeforewritingareviewarticlefortheJournal Allreviewarticlesundergothesamepeer reviewandeditorialprocessasoriginalresearchreports Theyshouldbewrittenforthegeneralphysician notspecialists Consequently theymayincludematerialthatmightbeconsideredtoointroductoryforspecialistsinthefieldbeingcovered 19 选刊 实例讨论 MortalityattributabletosmokinginChina BACKGROUND Smokingisariskfactorformanydiseasesandhasbeenincreasinglyprevalentineconomicallydevelopingregionsoftheworld WeaimedtoestimatethenumberofdeathsattributabletosmokinginChina METHODS Weconductedalarge prospectivecohortstudyinanationallyrepresentativesampleof169 871Chineseadultswhowere40yearsofageorolder InvestigatorsfortheChinaNationalHypertensionSurveycollecteddataonsmokingandotherriskfactorsatabaselineexaminationin1991usingastandardprotocol Follow upevaluationwasconductedin1999and2000 witharesponserateof93 4 Weusedmultivariable adjustedrelativerisk prevalenceofsmoking mortality andpopulationsizeineachagegroup stratifiedaccordingtosex tocalculatethenumberofdeathsattributabletosmokingin2005 RESULTS CONCLUSIONS OurstudydocumentsthatsmokingisamajorriskfactorformortalityinChina Continuedstrengtheningofnationalprogramsandinitiativesforsmokingpreventionandcessationisneededtoreducesmoking relateddeathsinChina NEnglJMed 2009Jan8 360 2 150 9 20 选刊 实例讨论 PreventingSurgical SiteInfectionsinNasalCarriersofStaphylococcusaureusBackgroundNasalcarriersofStaphylococcusaureusareatincreasedriskforhealthcare associatedinfectionswiththisorganism Decolonizationofnasalandextranasalsitesonhospitaladmissionmayreducethisrisk MethodsInarandomized double blind placebo controlled multicentertrial weassessedwhetherrapididentificationofS aureusnasalcarriersbymeansofareal timepolymerase chain reaction PCR assay followedbytreatmentwithmupirocinnasalointmentandchlorhexidinesoap reducestheriskofhospital associatedS aureusinfection ResultsFromOctober2005throughJune2007 atotalof6771patientswerescreened TherateofS aureusinfectionwas3 4 17of504patients inthemupirocin chlorhexidinegroup ascomparedwith7 7 32of413patients intheplacebogroup relativeriskofinfection 0 42 95 confidenceinterval CI 0 23to0 75 Theeffectofmupirocin chlorhexidinetreatmentwasmostpronouncedfordeepsurgical siteinfections relativerisk 0 21 95 CI 0 07to0 62 ConclusionsThenumberofsurgical siteS aureusinfectionsacquiredinthehospitalcanbereducedbyrapidscreeninganddecolonizingofnasalcarriersofS aureusonadmission CurrentControlledTrialsnumber ISRCTN56186788 NEnglJMed 2009Nov15 Epubaheadofprint 21 1 Amenorrheafrombreastcancertherapy notamatterofdose 2 Adjuvantdocetaxelforhigh risk node negativebreastcancer 3 Triple negativebreastcancer 4 Effectofscreeningmammographyonbreast cancermortalityinNorway 5 Antiretroviralregimensinpregnancyandbreast feedinginBotswana 6 Taxane basedchemotherapyfornode positivebreastcancer take homelessons 7 Longertherapy iatrogenicamenorrhea andsurvivalinearlybreastcancer 8 CaserecordsoftheMassachusettsGeneralHospital Case15 2010 An85 year oldwomanwithmammographicallydetectedearlybreastcancer 9 SusceptibilitypathwaysinFanconi sanemiaandbreastcancer 10 Hypofractionatedradiotherapyforbreastcancer 11 Atinystepclosertopersonalizedriskpredictionforbreastcancer 12 Performanceofcommongeneticvariantsinbreast cancerriskmodels 13 Long termresultsofhypofractionatedradiationtherapyforbreastcancer 14 Radiationpneumonitisafterradiotherapyforbreastcancer 15 Isolatedtumorcellsinbreastcancer 18 Chemotherapyinolderwomenwithbreastcancer 19 ZengYC Chemotherapyinolderwomenwithbreastcancer 20 Letrozoletherapyaloneorinsequencewithtamoxifeninwomenwithbreastcancer 普遍意义 22 英文投稿需注意的事项 正确选择期刊投稿前的准备投稿后若干事宜国人投稿英文杂志易犯错误讨论 23 投稿前的准备 5C 正确 correctness 清楚 clarity 简洁 concision 完整 completion 和一致性 consistency 论文格式投稿信和文题页语言规范伦理学要求文档准备图表讨论和结论参考文献 24 投稿前准备之一 论文格式 格式一定要严格按照稿约双倍行距 字数注意文章中不要有中文输入法情况下的标点符号 英语没有顿号 书名号 老外的计算机操作系统可能识别为乱码或者为非法程序 空格是否恰当 注意缩写的格式 时间表示的格式 希腊字母的格式该斜体的地方是否是斜体 invitro invivo等 材料与方法中试剂后的厂家是否该杂志的要求 有的不但要标明公司名字和国家 还要城市名 货号 稿件一定要连续编写页码前后一致 缩略语 分组及组的名称字数是否符合杂志要求 有的杂志对字数也有要求 比如最多8个版面 他一般会告诉你怎么推测自己的文章占几个版面 比如有的杂志大约是8000个字符数 characters 包括空格 为一个版面 全文的字号是否符合要求 一般是12号字 12 point 双倍行距 Doublespace 25 投稿前准备之二 投稿信和文题页 写好投稿信 Coverletter Afullstatementtotheeditoraboutallsubmissionsandpreviousreportsthatmightberegardedasredundantpublicationofthesameorverysimilarwork Anysuchworkshouldbereferredtospecifically andreferencedinthenewpaper Copiesofsuchmaterialshouldbeincludedwiththesubmittedpaper tohelptheeditordecidehowtohandlethematter Astatementoffinancialorotherrelationshipsthatmightleadtoaconflictofinterest ifthatinformationisnotincludedinthemanuscriptitselforinanauthors formAstatementthatthemanuscripthasbeenreadandapprovedbyalltheauthors thattherequirementsforauthorshipasstatedearlierinthisdocumenthavebeenmet andthateachauthorbelievesthatthemanuscriptrepresentshonestwork ifthatinformationisnotprovidedinanotherformThename address andtelephonenumberofthecorrespondingauthor whoisresponsibleforcommunicatingwiththeotherauthorsaboutrevisionsandfinalapprovaloftheproofs ifthatinformationisnotincludedonthemanuscriptitself 26 EditorialOffice ChineseMedicalJournalChineseMedicalAssociation42 DongsiXidajieBeijing 100710 China DearEditor Enclosedpleasefindtheoriginalarticleentitled ValidationoftheLogisticOrganDysfunctionscorecomparedwithAcutePhysiologyandChronicHealthEvaluationIIscoreinpredictionofthehospitaloutcomeincriticallyillpatients submittedforyourconsiderationtobepublishedinthe ChineseMedicalJournal Themanuscripthasneverbeenpriororduplicatepublicationorsubmissionelsewhereofanypartofthestudy Thisstudyhasnotfinancialorotherconflictofinterests Sincerelyyours BodinKhwannimit MD 27 令人震撼的TitlePage 28 文题页 TitlePage Thetitleofthearticle Concise studydesignAuthors namesandinstitutionalaffiliations Thenameofthedepartment s andinstitution s towhichtheworkshouldbeattributed Correspondingauthors Thename mailingaddress telephoneandfaxnumbers ande mailaddressoftheauthorresponsibleforcorrespondenceaboutthemanuscriptSource s ofsupportintheformofgrants equipment drugs orallofthese Arunninghead usuallynomorethan40charactersWordcounts Awordcountforthetextonly excludingabstract acknowledgments figurelegends andreferences Thenumberoffiguresandtables 29 Titleofthearticle Theneedforprofessionalsfromnon endemiccountriestobeawareofthe Author snamesandinstitutionalaffiliationsBrazCamposDurso DDS MSD FACIMEDJacksJorgeJ nior DDS PhD PiracicabaDentalSchool UnicampOsleiPaesdeAlmeida DDS PhD PiracicabaDentalSchool UnicampNameofthedepartment s andinstitution s towhichtheworkshouldbeattributedStomatologyClinic FACIMEDOralDiagnosisDepartment PiracicabaDentalSchool UnicampCorrespondingauthorsBrazCamposDurso Brazile mail brazdurso phone 556992066620RequestforreprintsBrazCamposDursoRunningheadOralmanifestationofParacoccidioidomycosisNumberoffigures3figures 2clinicaland1microscopic DrDursoisaprofessorandChairmanofStomatologyattheFACIMEDDentalMedicalSchool Rond nia BrazilDrJorgeJrisaprofessorofOralPathologyatthePiracicabaDentalSchool UNICAMP S oPaulo BrazilDrdeAlmeidaisaprofessorandChairmanofOralPathologyatthePiracicabaDentalSchool UNICAMP S oPaulo Brazil 30 投稿前准备之三 语言规范 冠词别拉下 别误用前置词which that指代要清楚 Theantecedent nounorpronoun towhichwhichrefersisnotspecific causingconfusion RespectivelyInthispaper InthepresentstudyAsentenceshouldneverbestartedwithnumbers Apartfromthoseaccompanyingmeasurements numbersunder10shouldalwaysbespeltoutinfull句首尽量不要用缩写不要以Howto 开头用WORD做一次彻底的拼写检查 词典语言按所投期刊要求选择 美国英语 最常见的问题是长句子和被动语态 31 投稿前准备之四 伦理学要求 Ethicalissuesareofvitalimportanceintoday sresearchclimate动物实验人体试验whethertheproceduresfollowedwereinaccordancewiththeethicalstandardsoftheresponsiblecommitteeonhumanexperimentation institutionalandnational andwiththeHelsinkiDeclarationof1975 asrevisedin2000 IfdoubtexistswhethertheresearchwasconductedinaccordancewiththeHelsinkiDeclaration theauthorsmustexplaintherationalefortheirapproach anddemonstratethattheinstitutionalreviewbodyexplicitlyapprovedthedoubtfulaspectsofthestudy Whenreportingexperimentsonanimals authorsshouldbeaskedtoindicatewhethertheinstitutionalandnationalguideforthecareanduseoflaboratoryanimalswasfollowed 32 投稿前准备之五 文档准备 33 投稿前准备之六 图表 结果该用文字还是图表 该用图还是表 图表自明性 self explanatory 如何 图的类型合适吗 表的主谓关系是否颠倒 Savingspace 34 投稿前准备之七 讨论和结论 讨论要逻辑清楚 推理严密结论要客观 谨慎切记不要自我评价 国内首创 首次发现 具有重要的临床价值 为今后临床研究开辟了一条新道路对国人而言是难度最大的部分 35 Introduction Thissectionshouldinformthereaderofthetopicbeingstudiedandprovidethecontextfortheresearchquestion Theobjectiveofthestudyshouldbeclearlystated Werecommendthatthissectionbenomorethan2paragraphs Methods Weadvisethatauthorsuseanarrativestyleavoidingjargontodescribetheprotocolusedintheirstudy Authorsareencouragedtoincludecompletestudyprotocolswiththeirmanuscriptsthatwouldappearasonlineappendicestotheirmanuscriptsifacceptedforpublication Results Whereverpossible resultsshouldbesummarizedintabularformat Authorsshouldavoidanyredundantpresentationofdataintablesandinthetextofthemanuscript Interpretation Thissectionshouldinclude4parts briefsummaryofthemainresultsofthestudy 1paragraph explanationforthefindings comparisonandcontrastoffindingswithotherrelatedstudiesintheliterature 1or2paragraphs limitationsofthestudy 1paragraph conclusionsandfuturedirectionsinthefieldofstudy 1paragraph 36 投稿前准备之八 参考文献 Theaccuracyofthereferencesistheauthors responsibilityVancouversystemorHarvardsystem 根据所投期刊的具体要求确定引用所投期刊近期文献 潜规则国外对影响因子十分重视 科技期刊编辑也是如此 37 英文投稿需注意的事项 正确选择期刊投稿前的准备投稿后若干事宜国人投稿英文杂志易犯错误讨论 38 投稿后若干事宜 稿件追踪 follow upcorrespondence 如果投稿2周仍无任何有关稿件收到的信息 也可打电话 发e mail或写信给编辑部核实稿件是否收到 39 投稿后若干事宜 稿件退修 revisedmanuscript 几乎所有的经审查学术水平达到出版要求的自由来稿 在发表前都需要退给作者修改其表述及编辑格式 如压缩文章篇幅 重新设计表格 改善插图质量 限制不规则缩写词使用等 然而退给作者修改的稿件并不代表文章已经被接受 文章最终接受与否取决于作者对文章关键性重要内容和表述方式的修改能否达到审稿专家及编辑的要求 40 投稿后若干事宜 AcceptedMinorrevisionMajorrevisionRejected 41 英文投稿需注意的事项 正确选择期刊投稿前的准备投稿后若干事宜国人投稿英文杂志易犯错误讨论 42 稿约 稿约 稿约 INSTRUCITONSTOAUTHORSGUIDETOAUTHORS 43 OverlappingPublications 重复发表 相同内容和文种二级发表 不同文种一稿多投 著作权法规定 1个月稿约 3个月内不得投向其他刊物TheNLMdoesnotconsidertranslationstobe republications anddoesnotciteorindextranslationswhentheoriginalarticlewaspublishedinajournalthatisindexedinMEDLINE 44 医学研究过程中的伦理学问题 研究设计 经国家药品管理委员会批准 美国一药厂在中国一些医院进行临床药理试验 检验治疗骨质疏松的新药 试验分两组 一组是试验组 服新药 另一组对照组服安慰剂 参加者都是中老年有严重骨质疏松症的病人 时间为一年 对照组设置是否适合 为什么 对照应是目前已知的标准的有效治疗方法 45 医学研究过程中的伦理学问题 研究设计 临床试验中对照的选择一般而言 诊断 治疗或预防性干预试验中对照组的受试者 应得到公认有效的干预 有些情况下 使用一个替代的对照 如安慰剂或 不治疗 在伦理学上是可接受的 安慰剂可用于 1 当没有公认的有效的干预时 2 当不采用公认有效的干预 至多使受试者感到暂时的不适 或延迟症状的缓解时 3 当采用一个公认有效的干预作为对照 将会产生科学上不可靠的结果 而使用安慰剂不会增加受试者任何严重的 或不可逆损害的风险 46 食管癌手术后放疗的疗效 BACKGROUND From1986through1997 aprospectiverandomizedstudywascarriedoutwith495patientsinanattempttodefinethevalueofthistherapeuticmodality METHODS Atotalof495patientswithesophagealcancerwhohadundergoneradicalresectionwererandomizedbytheenvelopemethodinto