虚拟语气ppt课件

SubjunctiveMood 1 ChapterNineSubjunctiveMood1 概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想 所说的是一个条件 不一定是事实 或与事实相反 2 在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类 一类为真实条件句 一类为非真实条件句 非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况 故采用虚拟语气 2 Therearetwoformsofthesubjunctive be subjunctiveandwere subjunctive Thebe subjunctivetakesthebaseformandthewere subjunctivehasonlythewereform TheybothareremnantsofOldEnglishandarespecialverbformsexpressinghypotheticalandnon factualmeanings Infact inmodernEnglisn hypotheticalandnon factualmeaningscanbeexpressedbyanumberofgrammaticalconstructions iebythesimplepast thepastprogressive thepastperfective bythepasttenseofmodalauxiliaries infinitive perfectiveinfinitive orbythesubjunctivemood 3 E g Itistimewehadarest Iwaswonderingifyouwouldletmeuseyourcar HowIwishIhadgonetherewithyou IwouldbetherebynowifIhadstartedearlier Hewouldhavebeentherebynowifhehadnotmissedthetrain IfithadnotbeenfortheCulturalRevolution ourcountrywouldnotbesopoornow Itisagoodthingthatherecognizehisfaults IfIwereyou Iwouldnotgothere 4 Be subjunctiveisused 1 Incertainthat clause Itiscommonlyusedinthat clausestoexpressacommand decision suggestion etc Thesethat clausesusu Occur 1 Aftersuchverbsasdecide decree demand insist move order propose recommend request suggest vote etc inobjectclause 2 Aftersuchadjectivesasadvisible appropriate desirable essential fitting imperative important impossible necessary obligatory proper etc insubjectclause 3 Aftersuchnounsasdecision decree demand instrction order requirement resolution etc inappositiveandpredicativeclauses 2 Incertainadverbialclauses ofcondition ofconcession andofpurpose 3 Incertainformulaicexpressions toexpressawish prayer curse etc 5 Inadverbialclauseofconditione g Ifthisrumour should be istrue wecannotremainhere almostthesamemeaning be shouldbe is possibilitybecomesbigger andthelastoneisinformal Shouldthisrumourbetrue c f Ifthisrumourwastrue wewouldnotremainhere Inadverbialclauseofconcessione g Thougheveryone should desert desertsyou Iwillnot almostthesamemeaning 前者比后者推定性更强 Inadverbialclauseofcondition concession conditional concessiveclause 6 Inconditional concessiveclause e g 1 Whateverbethereasonsfortheiraction thereasonsfortheiractionmaybe wecannottoleratesuchdisloyalty 2 Behefriendorfoe thelawregardshimascriminal Whetherhebe isafriendorafoe 3 Thebusinessofeachday beitselling whetheritbe issellinggoodsorshippingthem isgoingonpleasantly 4 Sink I orswim I Ishallundertakeit WhetherIsinkorswim 5 Ishallgorain it orshine it Ishallgowhetheritrain s orshine s 7 6 Homeishome beiteversohomely howeverhomelyitmaybe 7 Ishallhavetobuythecoat costwhatitmay whateveritmaycost 8 Comewhatmay wemustremaincheerful Whatevermayhappen 9 Detesthimaswemay Howeverwedetesthim wemustacknowledgehisgreatness 10 Getup as earlyashemay hewillfindtheroomready 8 InadverbialclauseofpurposeBe subjectiveorshould verb baseform canbeusedinlestclause forfearthatclause inorderthatclauseandincaseclause e g 1 Heiskeepingquietforfearthathedisturb shoulddisturb maydisturbhisfather 2 Theyremovedtheprisonerinorderthathenotdisturb shouldnotdisturbtheproceedingsanyfurther 9 Were subjunctive1 Incertainadverbialclauses Introducedbyif ifonly asif asthough though etc todenoteanunrealconditionorconcession 2 Incertainnominalclausesafterverbslikewish wouldrather suppose imagine etc todenoteahypotheticalsituation 10 虚拟语气的主要内容 一 非真实条件句 if等 中的虚拟语气时态一致2 混合条件句3 含蓄条件句4 倒装句5 Ifonly感叹二 名词性从句的虚拟语气 宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句三 几种特殊的虚拟语气句式wish asif though wouldrather It stime It snecessary strange matural inportant that从句 11 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 而是一种假设 猜测 怀疑等 在条件从句中或让步状语从句中 一是表示说话人的愿望 要求 命令 建议等 在宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 虚拟语气的概念 12 虚拟语气 一 在条件从句中 叫虚拟条件句 表示与事实相反的条件 分三种情况 以do为例 虚拟语气在在条件从句中 13 1 IfIhadHIV IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick 2 IfIwereyou IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug 3 IfIhadtakenyouradvice Iwouldn thavemadeamistake 4 Ifhehadbeenthere itwouldn thavehappened 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 14 5 Ifitshouldraintomorrow theywouldn tgoforanouting 6 Ithinkwecoulddoit ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools 7 Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife 与将来事实相反 15 2 错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下 在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的 但有时也可能指不同的时间 这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式 1 IfIwereyou Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice 从句指现在 主句指过去 2 IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning Iwouldnotbewetnow 从句指过去 主句指现在 3 Ifwehadn tbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears thingswouldn tbegoingsosmoothly 从句指过去 主句指现在 4 Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter 从句指过去 主句指现在 5 Ifwehadnotgoteverythingreadybynow weshouldbehavingamoreterribletimetomorrow 从句指现在 主句指将来 16 3 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来 二是暗含在上下文中 比如通过介词短语来表示 这些介词常是 butfor without otherwise等 如 Butforyouradvice Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully 如果不是听了你的建议 我就不会做的如此成功 Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen doorpolicy 没有开放的政策 就不会有如此大的变化 Iwassobusythen Otherwise Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer 我当时很忙 否则 我就会把答案告诉他的 17 虚拟语气 4 省略if的条件从句当从句中有were had或should时 可省略if 而把它们放在句首 IfIweretomeethimtomorrow Ishouldaskhimaboutit WereItomeethimtomorrow Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime hewouldtryagain Shouldhefailintheexperiment Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier youwouldhavemethim 虚拟语气在在条件从句中 Hadyoucomeafew 18 5 Ifonly 要是就好了IfonlyIknewhisname Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice IfonlyIcouldseehimagain 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 要是我没错过火车就好了 Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus IfonlyIhadn tmissedthetrain 19 a Ifthey be here they take youradvice b Iftheworld war burst outagain what happen toourpeopleonearth were wouldtake burst wouldhappen PRACTICE1 Fillintheblanks 20 c Ifthepoliceman benot inthatroomnow it be verydangerous d IfI be inyourpositionatthistime I ask forteacher shelp werenot couldbe were wouldask 21 Ifhe morecarefully he thecaraccidentyesterday haddriven wouldnothavehad 22 a IfTom be morecarefulintheexam he pass italready b Ifyou get upearlier you catch thefirsttrain hadbeen wouldhavepassed hadgot wouldhavecaught PRACTICE2 Fillintheblanks 23 c IfI meet youyesterday we go totheconcerttogether hadmet wouldhavegone 24 3 名词性从句的虚拟语气 主要是表示命令 要求 建议的虚拟语气 宾语从句 常见动词 一个坚持 insist两个命令 order command三个建议 advise suggest propose五个要求 demand require request desireask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法 即从句中的动词使用should 动词原形 或者将should省略 25 我们建议Tom去休息一下 他坚决要求我到场 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作 WesuggestedthatTomhavearest HeinsistedthatI should bepresent Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday Theyrequestedthatwe should sendthemtoworkthere 26 虚拟语气在 在宾语从句中 注意 insist suggest各有两意思 要用不同的语气 表 坚决要求 虚拟 should do 表 坚称 坚持说 陈述语气 表事实 表 建议 虚拟 should do 表 表明 暗示 用陈述语气 Theteachersuggestedthatwe moreafterclass 我们课后多练习 Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe happyHeinsistedthatallofus thereontimebyanymeans 我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿 Heinsistedthathe thewallet 没有偷钱包 insist suggest should practise was shouldbe didn tsteal 27 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气 从句中的动词形式一样 即 should V order advice suggestion proposal demand request desire 28 It ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown 29 二 虚拟语气特殊句型 wish的宾语从句 现在 过去 将来 过去时 were 过去完成时 would could might V should IwishIwereabird 现在 IwishIhadn tmadesuchamistake 过去 Wewishourparentswouldn tpunishus 将来 asif asthough引起的从句 其用法同wish构成的宾语从句一样 Asif though和wish用法相同 30 Helooksasifheweredrunk Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson Itseemsasifitwerespring Irememberedthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday 31 2 wouldrather that 现在 过去 将来 Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow Iwouldratheryouhadgone too Don tcome Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 过去时 过去时 过去完成时 32 3 It s about high time that should V 过去时 你该走了 我们该去睡觉了 It shightimethatyouwent It shightimethatyouweregoing It shightimethatyoushouldgo It stimethatwewenttobed It stimethatweshouldgotobed Should不可省略 33 4 It snecessary strange natural important that Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟 即 should 动词原形 Itisimportantthatwe should masteraforeignlanguage Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty It snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard 34 虚拟语气 Alan thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon A wouldhavemissedB hadmissedC wouldmissD missed2 Itwasthedrug notthedisease thatkilledtheboy Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe thatdrug A nottakeB hadn ttakenC didn ttakeD shouldn thavetaken Exercises 35 虚拟语气 3 IfonlyI tomyparents ButIdidn t A listenedB hadlistenedC shouldlistenD wouldlisten4 TomsuggestedthatAnn thehouse A sellB soldC shallsellD wouldsell5 Iwishthisbus totheuniversity A goB wentC hasgoneD hadgone 36 虚拟语气 6 Simonlooksasthoughhenever asquaremeal 吃得饱 thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell A getB gettingC gotD shouldget7 HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe there A hadbeenB wereC wasD been8 I yousomemoney butIhadn tgotanythen A wouldlendB wouldhavelentC couldlendD mayhavelent 37 虚拟语气 9 HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing No butIwishI A haveB willC doD had10 Idon tthinkitistherighttimethatyou A willgoB wentC goD mustgo11 Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken 38 虚拟语气 12 2003上海春季高考题 LookatthetroubleIamin IfonlyI youradvice A followedB wouldfollowC hadfollowedD shouldfollow13 2002上海高考题 ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI inlove attheageofseven withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown A wouldn thavefallenB hadnotfallenC shouldfallD weretofall14 Sheinsistedthatshe illofhimbehindhim buthedidn tbelieveit A hadn tspokenB shouldn tspeakC wouldn tspeakD notspeak 39