阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）含解析（2018年中考英语试题分类汇编第三期）

阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）含解析（2018 年中考英语试题分类汇编第三期）专题 08 阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）1.Wang Fuman is a 10-year-old student. He is now studying inZhuanshanbao Primary School in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9 weather to travel over an hour to reach his school.When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake (雪花). This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot. Fu Heng,Wangs teacher saw this and took a picture. He uploaded (上传) Wangs picture. The picture soon has got much attention to children from poor families in the countryside. Wang, who has beennicknamed “Snowflake Boy” by netizens, became famous online overnight. By Wednesday morning, his picture had been “liked” more than 260,000 times on Sina Weibo and shared more than 40,000 times.After hearing Wangs story, the Yunnan China Youth Development Foundation held a public donation ( 捐赠) activity for children from poor families. The Foundation has promised togive each poor child 500 yuan ($75) to help them stay warm in winter.By 1 pm on Wednesday, the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations, according to their website. Wangs village now has electricity and tap water, “andmy family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.”25. What was the weather like on Monday morning?A. Snowy and cold. B. Rainy and cold. C. Snowy but warm. D. Rainy but warm.26. Why did the classmates laugh when Wang entered the classroom?A. Because he lost his books . B. Because he told a joke.C. Because he looked funny. D. Because he was late.27. The Foundation held a public donation to help the poor children .A. stay happy B. keep healthyC. stay educated D. keep warm in winter28. What can we know from the text?A. Zhaotongs weather in winter is warm.B. Wangs future life may become better.C. Wangs village had electricity before.D. Few people shared the boys picture.【答案】25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B【解析】文章讲述了雪花男孩王福满的故事。25. 根据 On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9 weather to travel over an hour to reach his school.和 his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake (雪花).可知那天早晨天气下雪，寒冷；故选 A28. 根据 the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations, according to their website. Wangs village now has electricity and tap water, “and my family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.”可知冰雪男孩未来的生活也许会更好；故选 B2.【2018 年四川省宜宾】Chinas national anthem, March of the Volunteers, is a song that we learn at the beginning of primary school and sing at every flag-raising ceremony. And now, theres even a law to protect it.Last September, the government passed the National Anthem Law, which became effective(生效)from Oct.1, 2017. It states how we should sing or play the song, requiring all of us to behave towards it politely.Primary and middle schools must teach the anthem to their students and make them understand the songs spirit and history. Moreover, the law requires us to be serious when we are singing the song. We cant joke about it or change the songs words or music. If someone breaks the law, he or she can be detained for up to 15 days, or face further punishment in more serious situations. The national anthem is different from other songs it is the symbol of our country.Many foreign countries also have laws for their national anthems. For example, American school children should put their right hand over their heart while singing their countrys anthem at school. In Russia, the national anthem must be played on television and radio before the start and end of broadcasting. And in the Philippines, people are required to sing the national anthem with feelings when its played in public.29. How long has the National Anthem Law become effective till now?A. For more than one year. B. For just half a year.C. For less than 9 months. D. For about 10 months.30. Why must we be serious when singing the song?A. Because the school asks us to. B. Because it has a long history.C. Because we are good students. D. Because its our countrys symbol.31. What does the underlined word “detained” mean?A. Kept in a police station. B. Forced to work.C. Prevented from eating. D. Kept singing the song.32. Students are required to put their right hand over their heart in .A. China B. America C. Philippine D. Russia【答案】29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B【解析】文章介绍了中国制定了国歌法。 29. 根据 which became effective(生效)from Oct.1, 2017.可知从 2017 年 10 月 1 号生效，不到 9 个月；故选 C30. 根据 the law requires us to be serious when we are singing the song.和 it is the symbol of our country 可知严肃对待我们的国歌，因为它是我们国家的象征；故选 D31. 根据 If someone breaks the law, he or she can be detained for up to 15 days,可知如果有人破坏了这个法律，他可能会被拘留最多 15 日；故选 A3.【2018 年四川省宜宾】What can be both red or green, round or sharp, big or small, and more importantly, loved or hated by someone? Yes, the answer is chilies (辣椒).Many of us in China enjoy adding chilies to our food, but did you know that this spicy (辣 的) vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-old US man recently ended up in hospital aftereating a Carolina Reaper, the spiciest chili people have known so far. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following days, reported BBC News.In fact, eating spicy food causes stomachache and headache. But if chilies are harmful, why do people like to eat this vegetable? So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body is influenced by natural chemicals that produce “a sense of happiness”, noted BBC News.And chilies do good to people in another way. Scientists found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The death rate is 14 percent lower for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. This encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and bring less death risk at an early age. So, dont worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us.33. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A. Eating chilies can be dangerous. B. The US man died in hospital.C. The US man often had headaches. D. The Chinese enjoy eating chilies.34. People like to eat chilies because .A. chilies do no harm to people B. the chili is a kind of vegetableC. they can get personal enjoyment D. chemicals in chilies make them mad35. What is true about the last paragraph?A. The more chilies you eat, the longer you must live.B. Scientists encourage us to add chilies to our food.C. We should eat spicy food six times a week.D. Proper spicy food may improve our health.36. Which of the following can be the best title?A. Eating Chilies, A Healthy Lifestyle B. A Loved and Hated VegetableC. ChiliA Harmful Vegetable D. Causes of Stomachache【答案】33. A 34. C 35. D 36. B【解析】文章介绍了关于辣椒的一些情况，一种让人又爱又恨的蔬菜。33. 根据 Many of us in China enjoy adding chilies to our food, but did you know that this spicy (辣 的) vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-old US man recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper, the spiciest chili people have known so far. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following days, reported BBC News.可知吃辣椒有时也很危险；故选 A34. 根据 The human body is influenced by natural chemicals that produce “a sense of happiness”可知人们喜欢吃辣椒，他能得到一种个人享受；故选 C36. 根据文章介绍了关于辣椒的一些情况，一种让人又爱又恨的蔬菜。可知选 B4.【2018 年浙江省金华】Teenagers are known for being creative and full of new ideas. Lets have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenith Adithyaa, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenith thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things. David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm(蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs cant go. It will be used for finding people in a fire or an earthquake. Remya Jose, a 14-year-old from India, found it tiring and boring to handwash clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time. Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got Alzheimers disease（老年痴呆） would often leave home and get lost. So he invented the wearable sensors(感应器)to help people find their family members like his grandfather. 16. What is the passage mainly about?A. Popular adsB. Useful machinesC. Strange pictures.D. Teenage inventions17. The earthworm robot by David Cohen can _.A. make things stay freshB. help people wash clothesC. go into the smallest placesD. take care of the old people18. Which of the following is TRUEA. Plates and cups are made of fresh banana leaves.B. Remyas washing machine can also keep people fit.C. David Cohen is a middle school student from India.D. Kenneths wearable sensors will keep old people at home.【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B【解析】短文展示了青少年的 4 项发明创造。如何使树叶保鲜；蚯蚓机器人；自行车部件改装的洗衣机；可穿戴的传感器。16. 主旨大意题。根据表格前面的句子“Let s have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.” 让我们来看看这些可能改变世界的青少年的发明。可知短文展示了青少年的一些发明创造，故答案选 D。17. 细节理解题。根据表格第二栏中的句子“David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm(蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places,”可知，David Cohen 的蚯蚓机器人可以进入最小的地方。故答案选 C。18. 判断正误题。根据表格第三栏中的句子“She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.” 雷米发明的这种洗衣机也能让人们保持健康。故 B 答案正确。5.【2018 年浙江省金华】Understanding Graphics（图表）When we are reading, we often see one or two graphics in a text. Have you ever thought about these questions: Why are they there? What information do they give? Do they help with our reading and understanding?Graphics are things like pictures, maps, charts and tables. They give information to readers. Very often, we can see different kinds of graphics in books, magazines and newspapers. Writers use graphics to get the readersattention and give them some particular(特别的)information. Graphics help to understand the given information in a text. And graphics put the information in a particular order so that its easy to understand when we take a quick look.It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. But many things are easier to show than to tell and they may also be easier to understand. Graphics are just the right things that give a great deal of information but it doesnt take much time to read and understand.The right way to read and understand a graphic is to look at the picture and the words together. In a graphic, only a few words are used to explain what the picture shows you. Sometimes, numbers and percentages(百分比) are also given to go with the words to explain things.Now look at the graphic on the right. It is how a researcher used a graphic to show the number of hours spent sleeping by British teenagers each day. Can you understand it?19. Which of the following is mentioned as a graphic?A. A letter.B. A poem.C. A map.D. A name card.20. The writer thinks graphics are important because _.A. less space is taken on a pageB. a picture is worth a thousand wordsC. a lot of time can be saved for writersD. many things are easier to show than to tell21. When we read a graphic, we should _.A. find out if there are any tables in itB. put the information in the right orderC. count how many words there are in itD. look at the picture and the words together22. The graphic given in the passage tells us that _.A. 5 British teenagers sleep for 8-9 hours every dayB. Chinese 18-year-olds spend 5-6 hours sleeping every dayC. 17% of the British teenagers sleep for 3-4 hours each dayD. 42% of the Chinese teenagers spend 6-7 hours sleeping each day【答案】19. C 20. D 21. D 22. C【解析】短文介绍了图表的作用以及如何正确使用图表的方法。图表包括图片、地图、图纸和表格之类的东西。文本中插入图表能帮助读者更直观快捷地理解相关信息，理解图表的正确方法是把图片和文字一起来阅读。19. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子“Graphics are things like pictures, maps, charts and tables.” 图表是图片、地图、图纸和表格之类的东西。地图属于图表，故答案为 C。21. 细节理解题。根据短文第 4 段中的句子“The right way to read and understand a graphic is to look at the picture and the words together.”阅读和理解图表的正确方法是把图片和文字一起看。故答案为 D。22. 图表理解题。根据图表下面的文字 “The number of hours spent sleeping by British teenagers each day.”可知，图表显示的是英国青少年每天睡觉的时间。通过统计表分析，17%的英国青少年每天睡觉 3-4 小时，故答案为 C。 6.【2018 年浙江省金华】Shyness can be an unhappy feeling. But the good news is, youre not alone. Scientists say that more than 40 percent of teenagers and adults consider themselves shy. Shyness is feeling a little nervous or as if you want to hide when youre around other people or in a new situation._ Scientists say such things as genetics（遗传基因） ， life experiences， and environment can influence whether a person is shy. For example, in some families, everybody seems to be shy.What happens if you are shy? Well, being shy may cause you to avoid or miss opportunities you would enjoy.How do people overcome (克服)shyness? This is what Gilbert tells us. “When I started off trying to get over being shy, I decided to do little steps at a time, including practicing smiling and saying hi to people. And it worked for me. “But shyness is not the kind of thing that most people can get over overnight. Overcoming shyness take time and needs practice.Here are some tips given by scientists.Think of what to talk about before you leave home. Prepare things to talk about before youre in a social situation. For example, if you know your classmates are interested in an upcoming event, learn about it so you can join in the conversations.Let people know youre shy. If youre shy, just show it. Instead of letting people guess, tell them the truth. Explain that you are shy and feel nervous but enjoy talking to people.Make things easy for the other person. Remember, youre not the only shy person around. Do what you think might help others feel good-for example, say hello or smile.Pick one social skill to practice at a time. Start simply. For example, smile or be the first person to say hi. Choose skills you feel comfortable enough with to practice for a day, a week, a month, or even a year.23. Which of the following can be put in the blank in Paragraph2?A. What is shyness?B. What makes people shy?C. Can shyness be good for us?D. Can we overcome shyness?24. The example of Gilbert in Paragraph 4 is given to _.A. show how people overcome shynessB. introduce a shy girl called GilbertC. tell the right time to practice smilingD. explain the steps of overcoming shyness25. What does the underlined word “overnight“ in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?A. Correctly.B. Suddenly.C. Slowly.D. Finally.26. Which of the following is the right way to overcome shyness?A. Dont let others know that you are shy.B. Wait for others to say hello to you first.C. Choose several skills to practice at a time.D. Get ready before you join in a social situation.【答案】23. B 24. A 25. B 26. D【解析】含羞会给人们带来不愉快的感受，科学家认为遗传基因、生活经历和环境等因素会影响一个人是否害羞。克服害羞需要一个漫长的过程，短文给出了一些克服害羞的方法与建议。23. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子“Scientists say such things as genetics（遗传基因） ，life experiences，and environment can influence whether a person is shy.”科学家认为遗传基因、生活经历和环境等因素会影响一个人是否害羞。可以判断前面的句子应该是导致人害羞的一些因素，故答案选 B. What makes people shy? 什么使人害羞。24. 细节理解题。根据短文第 4 段中的句子 How do people overcome (克服)shyness? This is what Gilbert tells us.”人们如何克服羞怯？这就是吉尔伯特告诉我们的。后面吉尔伯特所列举的例子就是告诉人们克服一些害羞的方法，故答案为 A。25. 词义猜测题。A. Correctly.正确地； B. Suddenly.突然地；C. Slowly.慢慢地；D. Finally.最后。根据后面的句子“Overcoming shyness take time and needs practice.”克服害羞需要时间，需要实践训练。可以得知害羞不是大多数人能在一夜之间就可以克服的，也就是克服害羞需要一个漫长的过程，故答案为 B。26. 细节判断题。根据“Prepare things to talk about before youre in a social situation. For example, if you know your classmates are interested in an upcoming event, learn about it so you can join in the conversations.” 在社交场合之前，准备一些要讨论的事情。例如，如果你知道你的同学对即将到来的事件感兴趣，就去了解它，这样你就可以加入对话了。可知，在参加社交活动之前要做好充分的准备，这样就可以有效的克服羞怯的心理。答案为 D。