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Unit 16 Stories 阅读理解ANowadays, especially in China, everything seems to favor social intercourse, such as gatherings of friends, KTV, group travel, dining tighter, playing cards and Mahjong, plus the Chinese-style “street-crossing group.” Back home, discussions can still be boisterously carried on within the “circle of friends” of WeChat.However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness. Zhu Ziqing, a well-known professor of Tsinghua University, signed with emotion: “My loneliness increases as scene bees much busier.” One popular song today is also called “A lonely man in crowds.” Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.These days, it is not easy to calm down totally and return to ones true self. Willpower, intellect and discipline are required. Einstein said: “It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.” The “spare time” he referred to could be taken as “spending time by yourself.”Lonely life could be either dull, boring and tasteless or abundant, interesting and colorful, depending on ones quality, ambition and inspiration.Just as the body constantly requires energy, the mind and soul also demand unceasing inputs. However, information, to processed and integrated(融入)into knowledge, thoughts and feelings, instead of bustle(忙碌)seems to be the right condition. Successful careers in all walks of life worldwide have proved that “the soul grows in peace and talent is nurtured in loneliness”. In a sense, it may be reasonable to say that “Happiness tends to be shallow while loneliness involves profundity”.Man, in fact, needs loneliness more than happy time, and only abundant loneliness can produce quality happiness.1.Which of the following can replace the underlined the word “boisterously” in paragraph 1?A. surprisinglyB. sadlyC. busilyD. peacefully2.What can we infer from the second paragraph?A. Being alone marks people depressed.B. Social intercourse improves our happiness.C. One may feel lonely even when surrounded by peopleD. We should attend social intercourse to decrease our loneliness.3.What can we know from Einsteins words?A. You should be successful if you spend all your time by yourself.B. You should exercise more if you want to keep your minds healthy.C. You will not bee successful if you join in more social intercourse.D. You will be more successful if you can make your lonely time meaningful.4.Which may be the best title for this passage?A. Live On Your OwnB. Happiness and LonelinessC. The secret of successD. Practice Your Social Ability【文章大意】这是一篇议论文，讲述了幸福和孤独之间的关系。作者认为幸福是肤浅的，孤独是深刻的。人比快乐更需要孤独，只有丰富的孤独才能产生幸福。2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据后面的“One popular song today is also called “A lonely man in crowds.” Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.”可知，即便是周围有人，之间忙碌于各种场合并不能总能缓解孤独感。故选C。3.D 【解析】推理判断题。爱伊斯坦的话说“不是你的工作时间，而是你的业余时间决定了你是否会成功”，所以可知，只有把业余时间或者说独自度过时光过得更加充实和有意义才会成功。故选D。4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，讲述了幸福和孤独之间的关系。故选B。B(2017南昌二模)Next time you are blamed for bad behavior, mainly blame it on the whole apple, pear or any other uncut food that your parents packed in your lunch box.Thats because biting into anything that requires the use of the front teeth, is likely to cause rude behavior in kids! At least thats the conclusion some researchers from Cornell University have made, after observing the behavior of 12 students at a summer camp.The researchers began by dividing the students into two groups.On the first day, one group was given chicken on the bone.The other was provided with the same chicken cut into delicious, bitesize pieces so that the only way to eat it was with a fork.The following day, the food was exchanged, so that the first group received the small pieces and forks, while the second, enjoyed the chicken on the bone.Each day the camp counselors also gave the kids strict instructions to let them stay within a circle with a 9foot radius.The researcher recorded both the meal time and then asked behavioral experts to evaluate what happened.They agreed that the kids that were required to bite the food were twice as likely to show aggressive behavior and disobey the adults, as those that focused on eating their food with forks.Of course, the latter also showed some rude behavior.If that isnt bad enough, the former group was also more likely to leave their special circle and even, stand and jump on the picnic tables!This has made Mr.Wansink, who led the research and his team, conclude that for some reasons, kids that bite into their food are more likely to exhibit bad behavior than those forced to eat with forks.Therefore, he advises parents to cut up the food they serve to their kids to enjoy a peaceful meal!【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，孩子吃东西的方式可能会影响他们的行为举止。1What probably results in kids bad behavior?AThe way kids bite into food.BThe way food is cooked.CThe unhealthy food kids eat.DTheir attitude toward the food.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Thats because biting into anything that requires the use of the front teeth, is likely to cause rude behavior in kids！可知，孩子表现粗鲁和吃东西的方式有关。故选A。2Paragraph 2 mainly shows _Athe result of the researchBthe time on the researchCthe way the research went onDthe difficulties the research facedC解析：段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，研究者做了一个实验，主要是为了研究孩子的粗鲁表现是否和吃东西的方式有关。在实验中孩子们被分成两组，然后在两天里分别用不同的方式吃东西。故本段主要写的是实验方式。故选C。3What can we learn about the students at the summer camp?AThey enjoyed the food there very much.BThey exhibited different levels of rude behavior.CThey were asked to bite the food with care.DThey were likely to behave badly frequently.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句They agreed that the kids that were required to bite the food were twice as likely to show aggressive behavior and disobey the adults, as those that focused on eating their food with forks.可知，因吃饭方式的不同，两组孩子粗鲁的行为出现的次数明显不同。故选B。4What does Mr.Wansink advise parents to do?ATo eat with their kids often.BTo teach their kids how to eat food.CTo serve their kids with small pieces of food.DTo show their kids good behavior often.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Therefore, he advises parents to cut up the food they serve to their kids to enjoy a peaceful meal！可知，Wansink先生建议家长把孩子吃的食物切成小块。故选C。CLife satisfaction is the way persons evaluate their lives and how they feel about their directions and options for the future. Its a measure of well-being and may be evaluated in terms of mood, satisfaction with relations with others and with achieved goals and self-concepts to cope with daily life. Its having a favorable attitude towards ones life as a whole rather than just an evaluation of current feelings. Life satisfaction has been measured in relation to economy, education, experiences, and residence, as well as many other topics.Life satisfaction can reflect experiences that have influenced a person in, a positive way. These experiences have the ability to motivate people to pursue and reach their goals. As a matter of fact, in these experiences there are two kinds of emotions that may positively influence how people understand their life. Hope and optimism both consist of emotional processes that are usually directed towards the reaching of goals. People who have higher life satisfaction are always full of hope for a better future; additionally, optimism is linked to higher life satisfaction, while pessimism is related to symptoms in depression.The psychologist, Yuval Palgi, studied the old-old-people who were primarily in their nineties. This subject group was found to have thought highly of their past and present, but they thought lower of their future. A large factor that was talked about in life satisfaction was intelligence. The experiments talk of how life satisfaction grows as people bee older because they bee wiser and more knowledgeable, so they begin to see that life will be better as they grow older and understand the important things in life more. But when they step into their nineties, future bees a luxury to them.According to Seligman, the happier people are, the less they are focused on the negative. Happier people also have a greater tendency to like other people, which promotes a happier environment, which then correlates to a higher level of the persons satisfaction with their life.1.What can we learn about life satisfaction from Paragraph 1?A. It can be easily measured through ine and education.B. It includes a positive attitude towards peoples entire life.C. It merely determines peoples attitude towards the future.D. It has nothing to do with the evaluation of current feelings.2.What emotions have a positive effect on life satisfaction?A. Motivation and dream.B. Hope and depression.C. Optimism and pessimism.D. Hope and optimism.3.What was the attitude of most old-old towards their future?A. They were less hopeful about it.B. They thought highly of it.C. They felt satisfied with it.D. They were scared of it.4.What may be the best title for the text?A. Old People Have Much More Life SatisfactionB. Life Satisfactionthe Key to a Happier LifeC. Optimism Ensures Life SatisfactionD. Emotions Affect Life Satisfaction【文章大意】本文为议论文。讲述的是生活满足感是人们的生活更加幸福的关键。1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话中的“Its having a favorable attitude towards ones life as a whole”可知生活满足感包括对人们整个生活的积极肯定的态度，故选B。3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话中的“but they thought lower of their future.” 可知大多数old-old对他们的未来不太乐观，故选A。4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是生活满足感是人们的生活更加幸福的关键，故选B。D(2017四川绵阳第二次诊断)Loneliness is like a disease,and whats worse,its contagious. It can spread from one persontoanother,according to the recent research that stresses the power of one persons emotions to affect even people he doesnt know.The new analysis, involving 4，793 people who were interviewed every two years between 2005 and 2015, showed that a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness by the time of the next interview.A friend of that person was 25% more likely, and a friend of a friend of a friend was 15% more likely.“Loneliness is not just the property of an individual.It can be transmitted across peopleeven people you dont have direct contact with，” said John TCacioppo, a psychologist of the University of Chicago who led the study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.Loneliness has been linked to medical problems, including depression, sleep problems and generally poorer physical health.Identifying some of the causes could help reduce the emotion and improve health, experts said.Although the study did not examine how loneliness spreads, Cacioppo said another research has provided clues.“Lets say for whatever reason you get lonely.You then interact with other people in a more negative fashion.That puts them in a negative mood and makes them more likely to interact with other people in a negative fashion and they minimize their social ties and bee lonely，” Cacioppo said.According to Cacioppo, loneliness spread more easily among women than men, perhaps because women were more likely to express emotions.Lonely people bee less and less trusting others.This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friendsand more likely that society will reject them.Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. Cacioppo emphasizes people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项新的数据分析向我们介绍了孤独的危害。1It can be concluded from the first paragraph that _Aloneliness spreads in social networksBemotions are only transmitted between friendsCmore and more people are suffering from lonelinessDloneliness is actually a kind of diseaseA解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“its contagious.It can spread from one person to another”可知，孤独是可以传染的，它可以从一个人传给另一个人，故选A。2According to Cacioppo, lonely people _Arely heavily on othersBare more likely to trust othersCare less likely to be rejected by friendsDwill probably be deserted by societyD解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“more likely that society will reject them”可知，Cacioppo认为孤独的人可能会被社会抛弃，故选D。3The word “minimize” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “_”AincreaseBreduceCcreateDkeepB解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段内容可推知，孤独的人用一种消极的方式去和别人交往，这会减少他们的社会关系，让他们变得孤独，故选B。4What should lonely people do to get rid of loneliness?ARefuse the help given by others.BAdmit and try to solve it.CInteract with others more negatively.DExpress emotions more often.B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句“Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness.”可知，承认和应对孤独很重要，故选B。 七选五(2017银川高三质检)Four Steps to Begin Your Path to GreatnessFeeling stuck is quite mon.Many times, we have thoughts and dreams of what we want in life.1._ Our thinking pattern holds us back from going forward.The good news is that, at any moment in time, we have the ability to start taking action toward creating the life we want.Here are four steps to get started：Celebrate your success. Write down all the successes youve already achieved and all the awesomeness that you have today. 2._ And once youre in that positive routine with your thoughts, it will lead you to make better choices and take better action toward your greatness. Create your true vision. Many times we live based on others expectations or we stay stuck in a particular place because its our safety zone.Own your path.It can be hard to do, but allow yourself to get out of your head (or stop listening to what others want for you) and focus on your heart and what its telling you.3._4._ If you want to start going to the gym, going 5 days a week right away is extreme, and setting yourself up by biting more than you can chew typically doesnt result in success, but failure.Instead, start slow and go once or twice a week.After you do that for a while and get into a nice routine, up it to more days.Over time, you will build toward your goals by taking realistic, smaller steps to get there.Have the right support.5._ Findthe right support to cheer you on in the process.It could be a friend, a family member, or significantothers who you trust.Whoever it may be, having someone on your journey will be just what you need to keep yourself ontrack and celebrate with you as you work toward the life youdream of.ADont do it alone.BBe realistic about your goals.CBe kind to yourself and accept the moment.DYour failure can lead you to another success.EThis practice will direct your thinking to a positive place.FSadly, they only stay as thoughts and dreams inside of us.GLook within yourself deeply and decide what you want and whats true for you.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了通向不平凡的四个措施。1F解析：空处承接上句“Many times，we have thoughts and dreams of what we want in life.”，故选F项，悲哀的是它们只是内心的想法和梦想而已，F项的“they”代指“thoughts and dreams of what we want in life”。2E解析：由空前一句“Write down all the successes.theawesomeness that you have today.”可知，选E项，E项的“This practice”代指“Write down.”这一动作，且E项的“a positive place”与下文的“that positive routine”呼应。3G解析：根据空处的上一句“It can be hard to do, but allow yourself to get out of your head (or stop listening to what others want for you) and focus on your heart and what its telling you.”可推知，要追随自己的内心，明白自己真正的想法，决定自己想要什么，所以选G项。4B解析：根据本段的最后一句“Over time, you will build toward your goals by taking realistic, smaller steps to get there.”可推知，本段主要讲的是设置的目标要现实，所以选B项。5A解析： 根据下文的“Find the right support to cheer you on in the process.”可推知，不要一个人去做，最好能够找到适当的支持和帮助，所以选A项。、七选五Freshmen anywhere may be nervous about university life. Here, three pieces of advice are for them.Listen but dont be silentThe world is held in students hand via smart phones. Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important. 1 It forces students to face the difficulties of training a deep attentiveness. Unsurprisingly, students find it hard to speak out, ask questions or for points of clarification. They dont want to appear foolish or incapable. However, there is no such thing as a foolish question. Teachers are there to help you understand. This also goes for seminars and workshops. 2 Read and buy books 3 Therere so many useful online sources today, but the habit of reading books, especially whole books, is something being lost. Buy your own books. There are many bargains to be found on used-book websites or through Amazon. Being a book lover and buyer will help any student get the most out of their education. 4 As a student, you dont just have to learn to listen and bee an active reader: you also have to bee an academic writer. Written work at college level cannot be done at the last minute or in a rush. It takes time. Turn to your teachers. If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反馈)ahead of the final submission. 5 Students who get feedback on their work always do better than those who do not. It is one of the few educational laws that holds true in all cases.A. Dont try to do it all the night before.B. However, a lecture is a listening workout.C. Thinking clearly cannot be done in a rush.D. So train your ear, listen carefully, but dont be silent.E. Reading is the most important thing that any student does.F. Re-writing has proved to be the turning point in ones degree.G. If they wont read drafts, then see them to run through your ideas.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大学一年级新生如何适应大学生活。1.B 【解析】考查上下文衔接。根据前文Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important.（因此，他们可能认为听讲座不重要）与B项(然而一个讲座就是一次听力训练)在此相衔接，故选B。2.D 【解析】考查上下文衔接。根据前文This also goes for seminars and workshops. （这需要到研讨班）与D项（仔细听训练你的听力，但不要沉默）衔接，故选D。3.E 【解析】考查语篇逻辑。本段的主旨是Read and buy books（阅读和购买书），而E项（阅读对学生来说很重要）符合逻辑，故选E。5.G 【解析】考查语篇逻辑。前文If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反馈)ahead of the final submission.（如果他们阅读了草稿就能确保在你上交前得到反馈）与 G项（如果他们没有阅读草稿，看他们理解你的观点）形成并列符合逻辑，故选G。
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