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必修4Unit 4Body language一、阅读理解AFacing increasing pressure to raise students scores on standardized tests, schools are urging kids to work harder by offering them obvious encouragements. Happy Meals are at the low end of the scale. With the help of businesses, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, and in a growing number of cases cold, hard cash. The appeal of such programs is obvious, but the consequences of tying grades to goods are still uncertain. Its been a mon tradition in middleclass families to reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life. But for many disadvantaged minority children, the longterm benefits of getting an education are not so clear, according to experts. No one knows for sure how well cash and other bigticket rewards work in education in the long run. But there are plenty of concerns that this kind of practice could have negative effects on kids. Virginia Shiller, a clinical psychologist, says that its worth experimenting with cash encouragements but that tying them to success on a test is not a worthwhile goal. “Id rather see rewards based on effort and responsibility things that will lead to success in life，” she says. Even if rewards dont lead to individual achievement on a test, they could have a meaningful effect in the school. Charles McVean, a businessman and philanthropist (慈善家), started a tutoring program which pays higherachieving students $10 an hour to tutor struggling classmates and divides them into teams. During the course of the year, students bond and pete. The team posting the highest math scores wins the top cash prize of $100. McVean calls the bination of peer (同龄人) tutoring, petition，and cash encouragements a recipe for “nothing less than magic” For its part, the Seminole County Public Schools system in Florida plans to continue its report card encouragement program through the rest of the school year. The local McDonalds restaurants help the poor district by paying the $1,600 cost of printing the report card. Regina Klaers, the district spokeswoman, says most parents dont seem bothered by the Happy Meals rewards. “There are many ways we try to urge students to do well, and sometimes its through the stomach, and sometimes its the probability of students winning a car，” she says. “One size doesnt fit all.” 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了物质奖励对学生的成绩是否有促进作用。【长难句分析】Its been a mon tradition in middleclass families to reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life.(第一段倒数第二句)分析：这是一个复合句。本句中It作形式主语，to reward top grades with cash.in life作真正的主语；that引导的宾语从句作teach的宾语。译文：给取得最高分的人现金奖励，作为教导他们在学校里的成功可以通向生活中的成功的一种方式，这已经成为中产家庭中的惯例。1. According to the text, it is a mon practice for schools to _.Aoffer free meals to students with high scoresBtie students grades to material rewardsCeducate students to form a business sense Dcooperate with business to improve teaching答案与解析：B考查推理判断。【关键句】With the help of businesses, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, andin a growing number of casescold，hard cash.(第一段第三句)译文：在企业的帮助下，学校也在发放汽车、iPod和篮球赛的门票，发放现金的情况也在增加。根据关键句及下一句中的“tying grades to goods”可推断出，将学生的成绩与物质奖励联系起来已成了学校的一个惯例。故选B。2. According to the text, the longterm results of giving students cash as rewards in education are _.Anegative BoptimisticCuncertain Ddisappointing答案与解析：C考查细节理解。【关键句】No one knows for sure how well cash and other bigticket rewards work in education in the long run.(第二段第一句)译文：没有人能肯定从长远来看现金和其他昂贵奖品会对教育产生怎样的作用。根据关键句可知，给学生现金作为奖励在教育中产生的长远结果还不确定。A项意为“消极的”；B项意为“乐观的”；C项意为“不确定的”；D项意为“令人失望的”。故选C。3The tutoring program run by Charles McVean _.Ahires some excellent teachers to teach the struggling studentsBhas a meaningful effect in inspiring students enthusiasm on studyCis a program bining tutoring, petition and future job offers Drewards the student with the highest scores with cash prize of $100答案与解析：B考查推理判断。【关键句】Even if rewards dont lead to individual achievement on a test, they could have a meaningful effect in the school.(第三段第一句)译文：即使奖励对个人考试成绩没有作用，但它们会对学校产生一种重要的影响。根据关键句及其后面列举的Charles McVean的辅导项目可推知，本段用Charles McVean的辅导项目来说明奖励对激发学生的学习热情有重要影响。故选B。4We can learn that in Seminole County _.Athere are various ways to inspire students to study hardBmany parents are not satisfied with the Happy Meals rewardsCthe local McDonalds restaurants provide the rewards for poor students Dpeople are searching for a goodforall method to urge students to do well答案与解析：A考查细节理解。【关键句】There are many ways we try to urge students to do well, and sometimes its through the stomach, and sometimes its the probability of students winning a car.(最后一段倒数第二句)译文：我们尝试了许多方法来敦促学生努力学习，有时通过填饱他们的肚子，有时学生可能会赢得一辆汽车根据关键句可知，Seminole County有各种各样鼓励学生努力学习的方法。故选A。BIllegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their long-term survival, a study suggests. This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegal shipment of 23 yellow crested cockatoos(小葵花凤头鹦鹉), said Luke Gibson, a college teacher. He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.This encouraged Dr. Gibson and his colleague to investigate(调查)how a critically endangered species had bee self-sustaining outside of its natural range. They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species being established as a separate population, which they hadnt thought of, including the yellow-crested cockatoo in their city.This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade, he told BBC News. Poachers(偷猎者)go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the bird and then ship them off, usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds. This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range. But its really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.” As a result of enough of the birds set free, it allowed a new self-sustaining population to be established in this city.The government in of Dr. Gibsons city has made it illegal to capture the species, even though it is a non-native species. Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare, explained Dr Gibson, unlike in its native range in Indonesia, where capturing birds forms a major source of ine.However, there can be downsides(缺点) to the newly established population of endangered species, such as a limited genetic pool, and suffering from novel diseases. It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve harvesting some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.1.What was beyond Gibsons expectations according to the first paragraph?A. The high rate of wildlife trade.B. The preciousness of the birds.C. The fact that the birds nearly disappear.D. The news that the birds were poached.2.What happened unexpectedly when the birds were shipped abroad?A. They formed a separate population.B. They were kept as pet birds.C. They were traded illegally.D. They were killed for research.3.Which can replace the underlined word “affluent”?A. Peace-loving.B. Rich.C. Free.D. Environment friendly.4.For what purpose did the author write the passage?A. To appeal to everyone to stop the wildlife trade.B. To explain the challenge the wild birds are facing.C. To introduce a creative approach to wildlife conservation.D. To raise peoples awareness of protecting endangered species.【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是一项研究表明逃跑的非法交易的濒危物种形成了次级群体，为它们的长期生存提供了希望，也呈现了野生生物保护的一种可能的方法。1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话 He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.可知他没有料到的是这些鸟是非常濒危的物种，与C项一致，故选C。2.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句话可知有些养这种鸟的人偶然地或者故意地放了它们，由此在这个城市里形成了单独的自我维持数量的鸟，故选A。4.C 【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段最后两句话It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve harvesting some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.可知本文作者是为了介绍野生生物保护的一种创新的方法，故选C。二、七选五(2018湖北省部分重点中学高三起点考试)How to avoid a boring conversationWhat excuses should you use to avoid talking to people you dont want to talk to? Here are tips and inoffensive ways to get out of unwanted conversations.1. Go for a refill(续杯)It is natural for anyone at a party to be excused to get a refill. _1_ And once you excuse yourself, make a move fast before the person requests you to get a refill for him as well.2. Pretend bad mood.Cut off the conversation before it starts by saying something along the lines of “Im not in a good mood. Can I talk to you later if you dont mind？” _2_ Say it firmly so that people get the message loud and clear.3. Ask your friend to save you. _3_ Simply text your friend and ask him or her to e for apparently something important. You will be able to skip a boring chat with a seemingly reasonable excuse.4_4_ You are advised to look away from that person and dont make eye contact, so that you can give powerful hints (暗示) that you find the conversation extremely boring. _5_ Be sure to tune in to the conversation every now and then so you dont e across as rude.ABehave in an obviously careless way.BJust be sure that the person you are talking to does not offer to acpany you to do so.CDont act too polite in an attempt to draw sympathy.DUse body language to indicate boredom.EYour friend is bound to perform brilliantly in coping with the dull one.FLook elsewhere and pretend that something else has caught your attention.GStuck in an unwanted conversation, how do you get out of it?【文章大意】本文主要介绍了怎样避免无聊的谈话。1答案与解析：B选项B中的so就是指空前的“get a refill”这一行为；同时空后的“make a move fast.as well”与选项B的内容相呼应。2答案与解析：C空后的代词it指代空处前一句中的“Im not in a good mood. Can I talk to you later if you dont mind？”，所以空处及后一句与这一问题有关；同时后一句中的“Say it firmly”与选项C“不要为了获得同情而表现得太礼貌。”在内容和语气方面是一致的。3答案与解析：G根据该段的主题句以及空后两句可知，空后的两句话是对选项G这一疑问句的回答，选项G能够引出下文，符合语境。4答案与解析：D根据上文中的主题句都使用祈使句这一特点可知，该段也应用祈使句作主题句；同时根据该段中的第一句可知，把目光从这个人身上移开，不要有眼神交流，这样可以给对方强烈的暗示，使其发现这段谈话极其无聊，这与选项D“使用肢体语言暗示厌烦。”相吻合。5答案与解析：F空处起承上启下的作用，且根据该段主题句可知，使用肢体语言暗示厌烦，所以选项F“看向别处并假装你的注意力被其他东西吸引。”与之吻合。三、短文改错My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father!【答案】My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be， he never fails to show care and consideration.Once I broke a window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened.I could only tell him truth.Instead of ，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health he also teaches me to be a good citizen.How I am to have such a good father!第一处：删除however。考查连词。在as引导的让步状语从句中，表语放句首时，从句倒装，分析句子结构可知，however多余。第二处：herhis。考查代词。与上文人称代词he保持一致，可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his。第三处：neighborneighbors。考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词window。第四处：hashad。考查动词时态。与asked呼应可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。第五处：athe。考查冠词。tell the truth为固定词组搭配，符合语境，故用定冠词the。第六处：scoldscolding。考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词scolding作介词of的宾语。第七处：our前加to。考查介词。apologize to sb.意为“向某人道歉”，为固定词组搭配，故用介词to。第八处：andbut。考查连词，not only.but also.意为“不但而且”，为固定结构，故用连词but。第九处：whathow。考查疑问词。与teaches呼应可知，此处表示方式，故用how。第十处：luckilylucky。考查形容词。与I am呼应可知，此处应用形容词lucky作表语。四、短文语法填空A poor farmer had a friend who was famous 1 the wonder apples he grew. One day, his mend gave the farmer a young apple tree and told him to take it home and plant it. The farmer was 2 (please) with the gift, but when he got home he did not how where 3 (plant) it. He was afraid that if he planted the tree near me road, strangers would steal the fruit. If he planted the tree in his field, his 4 (neighbor) would e at night and steal some of the apples. Finally he planted the tree in his wood, 5 no one could see it. 6 there was no sunlight or good soil, the tree soon died. Later me mend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poor place. Whats the 7 (differ)?the farmer said 8 (anger).If I had planted the tree near the road, strangers would have stolen the fruit. If I had planted the tree in my field, my neighbors would have e at night and stolen some of the apples. Yes, said the friend, but at least someone could have enjoyed the fruit. Now you not only 9 (rob) everyone of the fruit, but also you have destroyed 10 good apple tree!【文章大意】本文通过苹果树的故事告诉我们在人生中要学会与人分享。只有与人分享，我们才能得到真正的幸福和快乐。1.for【解析】考查介词。此处运用了be famous for这个短语，表示“这个朋友因为种了神奇的苹果树而远近闻名”。故填for。2.pleased【解析】考查形容词。be pleased with是固定搭配，指“对感到满意”。故填pleased。3.to plant【解析】考查非谓语。know后面跟动词不定式，此处考查了“疑问词+不定式”结构。故填to plant。4.neighbours5.where【解析】考查连词。本句运用了定语从句，先行词是his wood，引导词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在他的林子里”。故填where。6.Because【解析】考查连词。句意：因为没有阳光和好的泥土，树不久就死了。前一句是后一句的原因。故填Because。7.difference【解析】考查名词。句意：那有什么不一样？在定冠词the后面跟名词。故填difference。8.angrily 9.have robbed【解析】考查时态。but also并列句中用了现在完成时，所以此句中也用现在完成时。故填have robbed。10.the【解析】考查冠词。此处是特指朋友给这位农民的苹果树。故填the。
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