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选修8Unit 1A land of diversity一、阅读理解AAbout three decades ago, China was known as the “Bicycle Kingdom”. But the twowheel way of transports popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuelpowered petitors. But recent months have seen a revival of the bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing to cycle instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bikesharing systems has brought the trend to a new level. People can unlock the shared bikes by simply using their smartphones. The bikes are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user. Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “last mile problem”， which refers to the final leg of a persons journey. However, the systems have also led to problems such as illegal parking, damage and theft. Last month, two nurses in Beijing were placed under arrest for five days for putting locks on two shared bikes. “Bikesharing is a greener method of transport and provides a userfriendly experience，” said Liu Xiaoming, viceminister of transport. “But its a bination of online and offline business. Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience, which causes problems.” Now, Chinese service operators are trying to handle these problems. For example, a bikesharing pany called Mobike sets a 100point credit score for each user, with points taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.51 yuan.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了近期共享单车在中国流行的原因、所遇到的问题及解决办法。【难句分析】Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “last mile problem”， which refers to the final leg of a persons journey.(第三段第三句)分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“which refers to the final leg of a persons journey”为which引导的非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词the “last mile problem”。译文：它们在许多中国人中很受欢迎，因为它们为“最后一英里的问题”提供了有效的解决方案，这一问题指的是一个人的旅程的最后一段。1. The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 probably means _.Asurvival BrecoveryCexistence Dpopularity答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第一段最后一句“But the twowheel way of transports popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuelpowered petitors.”可知，这种两个轮子的交通工具的受欢迎程度开始下降，许多自行车很快被使用燃料驱动的竞争对手取代；根据第二段第一句中的“But recent months have seen a revival of the bike across China，with an increasing number of people choosing to cycle instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing.”可知，现在越来越多的人选择骑自行车，而不是开车去学校、去上班或去观光。据此可以判断，自行车的受欢迎程度呈现“复苏”的趋势。故B项正确。A项意为“继续生存”，C项意为“存在”，D项意为“流行”，都与语境不符。2. The bikesharing systems are popular because _.Athey are very effectiveBthey can be picked up anywhereCthey are equipped with GPSDthey help to solve the “last mile problem”答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“Theyre popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to thelast mile problem， which refers to the final leg of a persons journey.”可知，共享单车在许多中国人中很受欢迎，因为它们为“最后一英里的问题”提供了有效的解决方案，故D项正确。3. To solve the problems of illegal parking, damage and theft, operators need to _.Aoffer stronger online servicesBbine online and offline businessCprovide credit scores for usersDobtain more offline business experience答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第五段最后一句“Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience，which causes problems.”可知，运营商通常在网络服务方面很强大，但缺乏线下业务经验，这是问题的关键；据此可以判断，解决这个问题就需要增加线下运营经验，故D项正确。BOPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAntlia PneumaticaIn a new play by Anne Washburn, directed by Ken Rus Schmoll, a group of estranged friends gather at a Texas farm house to bury one of their peers. (Peter Jay Sharp, 416 W. 42nd St. 212-279-4200. In previews.)Bright StarSteve Martin and Edie Brickell wrote this bluegrass-and-Americana musical, in which a magazine editor meets a soldier returning from the Second World War. Walter Bobbie directs. (Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.)The CrucibleIvo van Hove directs Arthur Millers classic drama about the Salem witch trials, starring Saoirse Ronan, Ben Whishaw, Ciaran Hinds, and Sophie Okonedo. (Walter Kerr, 219 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.)Dry PowderJohn Krasinski, Claire Danes, and Hank Azaria star in Sarah Burgesss play, in which an executive at a private-equity firm (私人股本公司) tries to rebound from a P.R. disaster. Thomas Kail directs. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555. In previews. Opens Oct. 28, 2017)The FatherFrank Langella stars in a play by the French writer Florian Zeller, translated by Christopher Hampton and directed by Doug Hughes for Manhattan Theatre Club, about an eighty-year-old man who is losing his grip on his own life story. (Samuel J. Friedman, 261 W. 47th St. 212-239-6200. Previews begin Oct. 28, 2017)1.If youre interested in American music, where can you get entertained?A. Peter Jay Sharp, 416 W. 42nd St.B. Cort, 138 W. 48th St.C. Walter Kerr, 219 W. 48th St.D. Public, 425 Lafayette St.2.If you want to preview a play now, which of the following is not available?A. Bright StarB. The CrucibleC. Dry PowderD. The Father3.The authors purpose of writing the passage is to _ .A. informB. entertainC. persuadeD. describe【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要是向读者介绍四部影片。1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Bright Star中的“Steve Martin and Edie Brickell wrote this bluegrass-and-Americana musical”及“Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 212-239-6200. In previews.”可知，可以在Cort, 138 W. 48th St. 欣赏美国音乐，故B项正确。3.A 【解析】推理判断题。通读文章内容可知，本文主要是向读者介绍四部影片，故A 项正确。二、七选五Freshmen anywhere may be nervous about university life. Here, three pieces of advice are for them.Listen but dont be silentThe world is held in students hand via smart phones. Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important. 1 It forces students to face the difficulties of training a deep attentiveness. Unsurprisingly, students find it hard to speak out, ask questions or for points of clarification. They dont want to appear foolish or incapable. However, there is no such thing as a foolish question. Teachers are there to help you understand. This also goes for seminars and workshops. 2 Read and buy books 3 Therere so many useful online sources today, but the habit of reading books, especially whole books, is something being lost. Buy your own books. There are many bargains to be found on used-book websites or through Amazon. Being a book lover and buyer will help any student get the most out of their education. 4 As a student, you dont just have to learn to listen and bee an active reader: you also have to bee an academic writer. Written work at college level cannot be done at the last minute or in a rush. It takes time. Turn to your teachers. If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反馈)ahead of the final submission. 5 Students who get feedback on their work always do better than those who do not. It is one of the few educational laws that holds true in all cases.A. Dont try to do it all the night before.B. However, a lecture is a listening workout.C. Thinking clearly cannot be done in a rush.D. So train your ear, listen carefully, but dont be silent.E. Reading is the most important thing that any student does.F. Re-writing has proved to be the turning point in ones degree.G. If they wont read drafts, then see them to run through your ideas.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大学一年级新生如何适应大学生活。1.B 【解析】考查上下文衔接。根据前文Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important.（因此，他们可能认为听讲座不重要）与B项(然而一个讲座就是一次听力训练)在此相衔接，故选B。2.D 【解析】考查上下文衔接。根据前文This also goes for seminars and workshops. （这需要到研讨班）与D项（仔细听训练你的听力，但不要沉默）衔接，故选D。3.E 【解析】考查语篇逻辑。本段的主旨是Read and buy books（阅读和购买书），而E项（阅读对学生来说很重要）符合逻辑，故选E。5.G 【解析】考查语篇逻辑。前文If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反馈)ahead of the final submission.（如果他们阅读了草稿就能确保在你上交前得到反馈）与 G项（如果他们没有阅读草稿，看他们理解你的观点）形成并列符合逻辑，故选G。三、短文改错This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.Because I had always been waiting to read it，so at that moment I was very exciting.Outside the library，I saw the man driving around the small parking lot，try to find a parking space.He head for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them to him.He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.【答案】This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be up.Because I had always been waiting to read it， at that moment I was very .Outside the library，I saw man driving around the small parking lot， to find a parking space.He for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them him.He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.第一处：pickingpicked。考查动词语态。根据语境可知，pick up和句子主语book构成动宾关系，故用被动语态。第二处：删除so。考查连词。so和because都是连词，不能同时使用，故删除so。注：删除Because保留so也是可以的。第三处：excitingexcited。考查分词形容词。excited一般修饰人，而exciting一般修饰物。第四处：thea。考查冠词。man第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰。第五处：trytrying。考查非谓语动词。try和句子谓语saw之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。此外，try和句子主语I构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。第六处：headheaded。考查动词时态。由后面的“was free”可知，应用一般过去时。第七处：bookbooks。考查名词复数形式。根据a pile of可知，书不止一本，故用复数形式。第八处：tofor。考查介词。介词for表示“为了”，符合语境。第九处：quickquickly。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词jumped，在句子中作状语。第十处：someone后加who。考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。四、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。An inventor,Le Trung,has created his perfect woman,a robot who can do the 1.(clean),remember his favourite drinks and read him the newspaper headlines.Le Trung has spent 14,000 2. (create)Aiko,who he describes as “in her 20s” with a good figure,shiny hair and delicate features.She can speak English and Japanese and is so good at mathematics 3. she can do Mr Trungs accounts.Mr Trung,from Brampton in Ontario,Canada,said he has never had time 4. (find) a real partnerso he designed and created his ideal woman 5.(use) the latest technology.The former software 6.(program) had taken out credit cards and loans,sold his car and spent his life savings in perfecting his Aiko.He said,“Aiko is what happens when science meets beauty.I want to make her look,feel and act 7. human as possible so she can be the perfect panion.I talk to her a lot,and hope to improve her knowledge.So far she can understand and speak 13,000 different sentences in English and Japanese,so shes already fairly intelligent.Aiko recognizes faces and says hello when any of my family es around 8.(visit).She helps me choose 9. to have for dinner and knows what drinks I like.She even 10.(help) me with directions when were going somewhere.She doesnt need holidays,food or rest and she will work almost 24 hours a day.She is very patient and never plains.She is the perfect woman.”答案1.cleaning2.creating3.that4.to find5.using6.programmer7.as8.to visit9.what10.helps
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