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Friendship人教必修一Unit 1Friendship【短文语法填空】Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 1. (write) in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms and close 2. (connect) with particular historical periods，such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty.Its existence 3. (document) at least as early as the publication of the Classic of Poetry or Shijing.4. (variety) binations of forms and genres exist.Many or most of these 5. (arise) at the end of the Tang Dynasty.Use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 6. (active) continued up to the year of 1919，7. the May Fourth Movement took place，and is still developed even today. Poetry created during this 2，500year period of moreorless continuous development shows 8. great deal of diversityclassified by both major historical periods and by dynastic periods.Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry，another is 9. (it) intense interrelationship with other forms of Chinese art，such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy. Classical Chinese poetry has proven to be of strong influence 10. poetry worldwide.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章简单介绍了中国古诗的一些相关情况。1written考查非谓语动词。中国古诗是用古文写的传统中国诗歌。write与poetry之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。2connections考查名词。空前有形容词close“紧密的”，故空处填名词。connection在此表示“(两种事实、观念等的)联系，关联”，是可数名词，故填名词的复数形式。3is documented考查动词的时态和语态。document在此表示“记录，记载”，是及物动词，document与existence之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，且此处表示客观事实，要用一般现在时。4Various考查形容词。存在多种多样的形式和种类的结合体。空处修饰名词binations，故填形容词various“多种多样的”。5arose考查动词的时态。它们中的很多或者说大部分产生于唐代晚期。arise“产生，出现”，是不及物动词，根据时间状语at the end of the Tang Dynasty可知本句用一般过去时。6actively考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词continued，故用副词actively“活跃地”。7when考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the year of 1919，空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when。8a考查冠词。a great deal of“大量的，许多”，是固定搭配，修饰不可数名词，故填a。9its考查代词。空处指代对象是Classical Chinese poetry，且表示“的”，故填its。易错分析本空容易误填their，因为学生没有弄清楚文章的逻辑关系，以为空处指代的对象是前面的the key aspects。但是如果这样的话，句意就说不通了。10on/upon考查介词。influence“影响”常与介词on/upon连用。add vt.&vi.增加；添加；补充说add up 把加起来add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)add to 增加；增添add.to.把加入到(教材原句)Add up your score and see how many points you get.把你的分数加起来看看能得多少分。This latest incident will_add (add)to the pressure on the government.最近的这次事件将会给政府增加压力。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)Our caf offers a plete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition (add) to seasonal specials. concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n关心；关注；关系(1)show/express concern about/for 对表示关心Its no concern of mine/yours.这不关我/你的事。(2)concerned adj.担心的；关注的be concerned about/over/for 关心；挂念；担心be concerned with/in 与有关；涉及as/so far as.be concerned 就而言(3)concerning prep.关于；有关(教材原句)You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.告诉你的朋友你关心他/她，下课后你们就见面谈谈。语境填词(用concern及其短语的适当形式填空)Besides doing his research work，Professor Li concerns (concern) himself with social work.For example，he is_concerned (concern) about world peace and human progress.He also made it clear that his research work should be_concerned (concern) with the farmersine.除了做研究工作外，李教授还参与到社会工作中去。比如，他关注世界和平以及人类的进步，他还声明说他的研究工作必须和农民的收入息息相关。(2016全国卷)Others are_concerned (concern) about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)别的一些人对采用这种需要水和肥料少的园艺方法担心。单句语法填空(2017江苏卷)Now similar concerns (concern) are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age.concerned作形容词充当前置定语时，意为“关心的，挂念的，担心的”；如果要表示“相关的，有关的”，作定语时要后置。例如：a concerned look关切的神色；the authorities concerned 有关当局。suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历(1)suffer vt.遭受；蒙受，其后常接pain，loss，defeat，poverty，hunger，punishment，hardship，damage等名词作宾语(2)suffer vi.后常接from，表示“受折磨；受之苦；患某种疾病”(3)suffering nU痛苦；苦难pl.痛苦；苦恼(教材原句)She suffered from loneliness，but she had to learn to like it there.她感到孤独，但她得学会喜欢住在那里。(2016江苏卷)She suffered (suffer)a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.她在以前的田径运动会上遭受了许多失败。Having_suffered (suffer) defeat after defeat，he began to lose faith in himself.遭受了一次又一次的失败，他开始对自己失去信心。单句语法填空(2017北京卷)Paris had_suffered (suffer) a sudden heart failure.Paris突然心脏病发作。【七选五】Four simple ways to stay positiveTrying to stay positive, both in good times and bad, is a great way to improve your quality of life. Try these four methods on a daily basis.Dont think a lot about negativity.Of course, staying positive 24 hours a day, seven days a week is a bit difficult. Letting things get to you is normal, and its actually healthy to cry or express frustrations once in a while.Its when those negative moments control your life that your emotional balance is at risk. 1 However, dont give that sadness another second in your day. 2 What you put into your body directly affects how you feel on the outside. Fill yourself with good, healthy foods like fruits and vegetables and limit snacking. Exercise is equally of great importance. Take a few days out of your week for at least a half an hour of activity, and try to stick to a routine. 3 Be kind to others. 4 Making someones day a bit brighter not only puts a smile on his or her face, but also yours as well. Remember to smile and treat each person with pity and respect. Good deeds are contagious(传染的), and your positive attitude may spread among others.Take it one day at a time.Being positive isnt an instant thing. Its a steady effort that we follow every hour of every day. 5 Instead, focus on living in the moment and doing what you can to make each moment better.A. Eat healthy and stay fit.B.Take your lunch breaks outside.C.Dont worry about what the future may bring.D.Gratefulness helps you appreciate life in bad times.E.Good feelings e from acts of kindness and selflessness.F.Take a few minutes to feel sad and accept what happened.G.Even going outside for a walk and enjoying the sunshine improves your mood.【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是每天保持积极乐观的四种方法。1.F 【解析】根据下文However, dont give that sadness another second in your day.可知此处表示你可以花几分钟感觉难过，然后接受发生的事情，但是在你的一天里不能再难过了，故选F。2.A 【解析】根据本段内容可知本段表示的是要吃得健康并保持健康，故选A。4.E 【解析】本段讲述的是要对别人和善，要尊重和同情每一个人，你做的好事也会影响别人效仿你，由此可知此处表示好的感觉来自于善意和无私的行为，故选E。5.C 【解析】根据下文Instead, focus on living in the moment and doing what you can to make each moment better.（集中注意力活在当下，尽你所能地使每一个都变得更好）可知此处表示不要担心未来可能会带来什么，故选C。go through 经历；仔细检查；完成go ahead 前进；请说(做)吧go against 背叛；违背；违反go back(to.) 回来；追溯到go by 走过(某处)；(时间)过去，流逝go on 继续go out 外出；(火、灯)熄灭go over 越过；温习(教材原句)Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you，or would not understand what you are going through?或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正经历的事情？Its no use going (go) against the directors decision.反对上司的决定没用。观察下列句子，写出句中go through的含义The old man went through a lot of suffering during the war.经历The doctor will go through the operation soon.完成；做完I went through the students papers last night.仔细检查I seem to be going through a lot of money at the moment.花完，用掉单句语法填空(2017全国卷)The Transition is now going_through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.set down 写下；放下；使(飞机)着陆set about(doing)sth.着手(做)某事set out 出发；(to do sth.)开始，着手(做某事)set off 动身(for.)；引爆(炸弹等)set up 竖起；创设；开办set aside 储蓄；搁置；忽视；抛弃(教材原句)I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do，but I want this diary itself to be my friend.我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，我要把这本日记当作我的朋友The bus stopped to_set(set) down an old lady.公共汽车停下来让一个老太太下车。From a longterm point of view，it is time for us to_set (set) about solving (solve) this problem.从长远看，到了我们着手解决这个问题的时候了。set about表示“着手做”时后接doing或名词；而set out表示“着手做”时后面接to do。get along/on with与某人相处；某事进展(如何)get in 插话；收获；进入get it 明白；理解get across 讲清楚；(使)被领会get away from 离开；脱身get about/around (消息)传开get down to(doing)sth.认真做某事；开始着手做某事get over渡过；痊愈；恢复get through穿越；通过(考试)；联络上(教材原句)Im getting along well with a boy in my class.我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。We havent a great ine，but we manage to_get (get) along.我们收入不多，但我们想法生活下去。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to_get (get) out and about without having to rely on others.【短文改错】Last Sunday，I joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 800 am.，we arrived there，wore red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic rule.To our delighted，they all waited for the green light patient except one motor-biker.We also give out some handmade brochures about traffic regulations，for that many people praised us.About 4 hours later，they said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts.答案：Last Sunday，I joined voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 800 am.，we arrived there， red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic .To our ，they all waited for the green light except one motor-biker.We also out some hand-made brochures about traffic regulations，for many people praised us.About 4 hours later， said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts.解析：在全文中是第一次出现，不能用特指，而应用泛指。故将the改为a。解析：现在分词作状语表主动含义，此处wear的主语是we，其间是主动关系。解析：帮助某人做某事，不存在help with sb.sth这一搭配。故将with去掉。解析：交通法规为固定用语，法规肯定不可能就一个。故将rule改为rules。解析：固定用语，意为令我们高兴的是。故将delighted改为delight。解析：副词修饰形容词，此处是用副词patiently修饰形容词waited。解析：整篇文章所描述的事情发生在过去，所以动词应用过去时态。解析：考查定语从句中介词which的用法，此处for是与后面praised相照应的，praise sb.for sth.解析：全篇的人称都是we我们，根据句意也应该是“我们和警察道别”。解析：it在此处作形式宾语不可省略，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。While walking_the_dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。句中 while walking the dog 是一个省略句，补全后为：while you were walking the dog。(1)省略句的条件when，while，before，after，unless，if，as if等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it状语从句谓语中含有be动词(2)省略句的形式省略从句中的主语和be动词(2016上海卷)When choosing (choose) everyday products such as toothpaste，we appreciate a coollooking device that allows us to easily squeeze the toothpaste onto our brush.当我们选择日用品时，如牙膏，我们很喜欢一个看起来很酷的装置，能让我们很容易地把牙膏挤到我们的牙刷上。The man was lying on the ground，motionless，as if (he was) seriously injured (injure)那名男子躺在地上一动不动，好像是受了重伤。(2015湖南卷)Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands.如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中，就能够产生不良的影响While I was (be) in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall.在北京时，我游览了长城。(2015北京卷)If accepted (accept) for the job，youll be informed soon.如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。单句语法填空(2017浙江卷)Last October, while tending (tend) her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away.She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。before conj.用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为：不等就；在之前(2015天津卷)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can_solve (solve)it.在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。(2)Itbe时间段before 从句，意为：之后才。(2015重庆卷)If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过这次机会，可能要等几年才会再有。(3)Itbenotlongbefore从句，意为：不久就。It was not long before he told (tell) me the news.不久他就告诉了我那个消息。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)The cafe is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.【阅读理解】Taylore is a kid who passes by to ride sometimes and help us with chores. Barely 15, shes never short of advice, and one of her favorite pastimes is teasing me about being afraid to go too fast on a horse.Last summer four of us rode down the trail behind our woods: my wife Karen, Taylore, Taylores friend Kendall and me. I was riding my 13-year-old, Tawny.We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop（飞驰）. The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.Taylore brushed past my left leg and, seconds later, Kendall went by on my right. I realized Tawny was covering ground faster than Id ever seen her. She strained every muscle in her body to catch up with the girls. It was like a truck winding over a mountain road without brakes (闸). Part of me felt perfectly in control, while another part screamed that I wasnt.In half a mile I knew wed be crossing the highway, so I prayed that the girls would be fine. I gave up calculating how long it might take before my horse would be tried enough to want to slow down.I was just about out of answers when I saw the girls slowing in front of me. Their horses were relaxed and fortable, not even breathing hard. Taylores face glowed. She gave me a high five. Wow, you did well, she said. I knew youd go fast when you were ready.No one in the group had even broken a sweat, except me. I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. Karen claims I was showing off for the girls that day, and maybe shes right. But I think I had something to prove. Because despite my wrinkles (皱纹), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart. And, like a horse on a warm summer day, Im always ready to kick up my heels.1. How did the race between the girls and the author begin?A. His horses gallop made the other horses want to catch up.B. He wanted to show off his riding skills for the girls.C. They wanted to know whose horse could run fastest.D. They teased him about being afraid to go too fast on a horse.2. During the race, _.A. the authors horse outran the girls horses the whole timeB. the author was confident that Tawny was in controlC. the girls were so anxious to win that they sweated a lotD. the authors good performance took Taylore by surprise3. When the race ended, the authors heart pounded because _.A. he was feeling thrilled and youngB. it was really tough exercise for himC. he was worried that the girls might be in dangerD. he felt quite embarrassed that he had lost the race4. The phrase kick up my heels at the end can be replaced by _.A. devote myselfB. enjoy myselfC. accept my challengeD. take part in running petition【文章大意】文章描述作者和两个女孩骑马比赛，这让作者感到兴奋，也感到虽然自己上了年纪，但是有一颗年轻的心。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop(飞驰). The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.可知，作者的马飞驰起来使得其它马想要赶上。故选A。3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. Because despite my wrinkles (皱纹), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart.可知，比赛结束的时候，作者的心狂跳因为他感觉兴奋而且年轻。故选A。
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