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Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors篇章结构题之组织结构题(阅读理解)方法指导考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范,因此,具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面的知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容或判断文章或段落组织结构的功能、作用。在应对逻辑结构题时,可采用四步解题法:(1)一抓文章中心句:速读全文,寻找中心句,确定文章的中心思想。 一般来讲,文章的第一段和最后一段往往是对文章主题的阐明和总结,应特别重视。 (2)二抓段落中心句:认真阅读每段内容,找到段落中心句或总结段落大意。段落中心句通常位于每段的开头和结尾。 (3)三看段落逻辑关系:在知文意、明段意的基础上认真分析段落之间的逻辑关系。文章组织的形式主要有时间顺序、空间顺序、一般具体型、具体 一般型、一般具体一般型、对比型(通过对比说明事物之间的共同点或差异)、分类型(属于这种结构的文章的主题往往是分类说明的各大项相加之和)。 (4)对比选项定答案:认真观察四个选项,准确理解每个选项的意思并仔细对比四个选项的异同点,在综合分析的基础上最终确定正确答案。典例引领 (2016北京,D)Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are being an extended period of adolescence,during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to e from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college munity(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and plex munity.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about munity values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.2.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.According to the author, what role should college play?A.To develop a shared identity among students.B.To define and regulate students social behavior.C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.D.To foster students intellectual and personal development.4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:IntroductionP:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion方法运用语篇解读本文是议论文,题材为学校教育类。大学时期应该是学生成长的一个重要时期,学生应在这段时期学会独立和发现。但是现在的大学时期却成了青春期的延续,大学没有教给学生独立,也没有让学生学会发现。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段可知,作者不赞同大学生继续接受父母的指导。sympathetic同情的;disapproving不赞成的,不同意的;supportive支持的;neutral中立的。2.A猜测词义题。根据语境可知此处表达的是“大学时期是一个从家庭庇护到独立和承担成人责任的转化时期”,所以答案为A项。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知答案为D项。4.C推理判断题。文章第一段引入主题,第二段描述了大学时期是怎样变成青春期的延续的,第三段提出如何解决这一问题,第四段和第五段提出了解决这个问题的原因,最后进行总结。故选C项。
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