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Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero*阅读理解。Its generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brule latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.Its undeniable that behavior es from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.Moreover, we dont just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character we infer characters that werent there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didnt.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people bee what they do, though it may not be in pliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonneguts advice: We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.1.According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are monly believed to.A. determine ones behaviorB. reflect ones tasteC. influence ones surroundingsD. result from ones habits2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?A. The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty.B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A. Personalities and attitudes.B. Preferences and habits.C. Behavior and personalities.D. Attitudes and preferences.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。观其行知其人，那么行为又是由什么来决定的呢?1.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第一句话可知答案。人们通常认为性格和态度决定一个人的行为。故选A。3.B 【解析】考查推理判断。画线部分实际上是一个例子，例子前面往往是观点,因此根据画线部分前一句可知答案。我们有时候会受到外界压力的影响。故选B。4.C 【解析】考查主旨大意。全文主要阐述的是人的行为和性格的关系，所以选择C项。*.语法填空。(2017全国卷)She looks like any other schoolgirl, freshfaced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new Alevel course. But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm _1_ (rest). Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as _2_ model in New York.Sarah _3_(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, _4_ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _5_ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her _6_ (educate)She has turned down several _7_(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _8_ engineering or architecture.Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school _9_(e) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is _10_(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model anymore.”1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5_ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9_ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。16岁的萨拉作为一名模特儿表现出色，她父亲想让她放弃学业专心从事模特儿行业，但萨拉认为学业优先，应努力成为一个既有美貌又有智慧的女性。1resting考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，此处表示萨拉没有花半学期的时间来休息。2a考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6,500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。3was told考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿，故用一般过去时的被动语态。4who考查定语从句的引导词。引导词代替先行词Sarah在从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。5to prove考查非谓语动词。want to do sth. “想要做某事”，为固定搭配。6education考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。7invitations考查名词的复数。several “几个”，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。8in考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture “工程学或建筑学学位”。9es考查动词的时态。此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。10certainly考查词性转换。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun, certain的副词形式为certainly。*完形填空A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations.Inspiring speakers _1_ thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12 _2_ ride.I had _3_ into Dallas just for the purpose of calling on a client.Time was precious and my _4_ included a quick roundtrip from and back to the airport.A _5_ taxi pulled up.The driver rushed to _6_ the passenger door for me and made sure I was _7_ seated before he closed the door.As he got in the drivers seat，he _8_ that the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use.He then showed me several _9_ and asked me what type of music I would enjoy.I could not believe the _10_ I was receiving！I took the opportunity to say，“_11_ you take great pride in your work.You must have a _12_ to share.”“You bet，” he _13_，“I used to be in Corporate America.But I was tired of thinking my best would never be good enough.I _14_ to find my right position in life，where I could feel _15_ of being the best.I love driving cars，and feeling like I have done a full days work and done it _16_.So I chose to bee a _17_.One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers._18_，to be great in my business，I have to go _19_ the customers expectations！”The taxi driver taught me a great life _20_：Go an extra mile when providing any service to others.1A.offer BchargeCpay Dafford2A.taxi BbusCcar Dtrain3A.driven BflownCran Dcycled4A.hope BpurposeCplan Dchoice5A.private BroughCslow Dclean6A.open BlockCpush Dshut7A.silently BfortablyCtightly Dcasually8A.declared BconcludedCfound Dmentioned9A.pictures BmapsCtapes Dbooks10A.service BgiftCinvitation Dadvice11A.Actually BObviouslyCGradually DSuddenly12A.chance BsecretCstory Dride13A.whispered BarguedCsighed Dreplied14A.decided BpromisedChappened Dhesitated15A.careful BproudCafraid Dcurious16A.early BrapidlyCcautiously Dwell17A.driver BdirectorCclient Dspeaker18A.Besides BThereforeCHowever DPerhaps19A.against BwithinCover Dbeyond20A.method BexperienceClesson Dstandard【解题导语】本文主要讲述了一名出租车司机给作者上了一堂关于如何达到客户满意和期望的课。【难句分析】One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers.分析：本句是一个复合句。I know for sure是定语从句。译文：有一件事我可以肯定，那就是想要做好生意，我就必须要满足我的乘客的期望。 【核心词汇】corporate adj.公司的client n客户precious adj.珍贵的extra adj.额外的1B根据空后的“thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12”可知，励志演讲家的培训是要收费的。charge表示“收费”，符合语境。2A根据文章第一句“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，出租车司机收作者12美元。3B根据第二段第二句的“Time was precious and my _4_ included a quick aroundtrip from and back to the airport”可知，作者当时是乘飞机去的。4C根据语境可知，时间很珍贵，作者的计划中包括往返机场的旅程。5D根据下文的“the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use”可推知，出租车很干净。6A结合“the passenger door for me”可推知，司机赶快跑过来给作者开车门。7B根据语境可推知，该司机注重乘客的满意度，所以他一定确保作者乘坐舒适。8D根据语境可推知，司机向乘客提醒有杂志可看。mention“提到”。9C根据空后的“asked me what type of music I would enjoy”可推知，司机给作者拿出几盘音乐磁带让他选择。10A根据空后的“I was receiving”可推知，作者对出租车司机提供的服务非常吃惊，不敢相信。receive the service“接受服务”。11B由空后的“You must have a _12_ to share”以及语境可推知，显而易见，作者认为出租车司机为自己的工作自豪。12C根据空后的“to share”以及语境可推知，此处表示有故事分享。13D根据语境可知，司机回应了作者的推断。14A根据空前的“I was tired of thinking”可推知，司机决定行动起来，找到生活中合适的位置而不是一味地想想。15B根据第三段第二句的“you take great pride in your work”可推知，司机想做到最好并为自己的工作自豪。16D根据语境可推知，司机想把工作做好。17A根据语境可知，他决定转行当一名司机。18C根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用However“然而”。19D根据文章最后一句“Go an extra mile when providing any service to others”可知，要想做到最好，就要多为客户考虑，超出客户的期望。beyond“超出”。20C根据文章开头“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，此处表示司机给作者上了生动的一课。*短文改错Nowadays, its fashionable for young student to have iPads. Used an iPad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read it. Obviously, its of great help with our studies, especial with our English listening skills.Some students, however, bring their iPads to the classroom listening to music with earphones, but some even playing video games, which make teachers and students greatly annoyed.For my opinion, the classroom is a place to study, and concentration was terribly needed. Therefore, we should make a good use of iPads and other modern munication tools to help with our lessons. Meanwhile, schools should make some rules instruct the students to use iPads properly.答案：Nowadays, its fashionable for young to have iPads. an iPad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read . Obviously, its of great help with our studies, with our English listening skills.Some students, however, bring their iPads to the classroom listening to music with earphones, some even playing video games, which teachers and students greatly annoyed. my opinion, the classroom is a place to study, and concentration terribly needed. Therefore, we should makegood use of iPads and other modern munication tools to help with our lessons. Meanwhile, schools should make some rules instruct the students to use iPads properly.难项分析：第二处：UsedUsing考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语we和use之间是主谓关系，且use所表示的动作和句子谓语动词download和read所表示的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词作状语。第六处：makemakes考查主谓一致。which指代的是前面整句话的内容，所以定语从句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式makes。第十处：rules后加to考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语充当目的状语。*
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