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Module 12 Save our world词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. fight（1）fight（against /with sb. /sth.）意为“与搏斗，打架，作战”，过去式和过去分词为fought，fought。例如：In World War Two, Britain fought against Germany with France.在二战中，英国与法国联合抗击德国。Have you fought with your brother again？ 你又和弟弟打架了吗？（2）fight（about /over sth.）意为“因为某事而争论，争夺”。例如：Dont fight about small things. 不要为琐事争吵。The two dogs were fighting over a bone. 两只狗为一块骨头厮咬。( 3) fight for sth.意为“争取获得或完成某事”。例如：fight for freedom, independence, human rights 争取获得自由，独立，人权等2. spread（1）spread作动词，意为“伸展，延伸，张开”。例如：He spread out a map. 他摊开了地图。The young bird spread its wings. 那只幼鸟伸展翅膀。He spread out his arms to welcome us. 他张开手臂欢迎我们。（2）spread作动词，还意为“传播(消息等)，(疾病)蔓延，撒(肥料等)”。例如：Flies spread diseases. 苍蝇传染疾病。The fire spread from the factory to the warehouse nearby. 火从工厂蔓延到了附近的仓库。The city spreads to the west. 那城市向西扩展。3. collectcollect及物动词，意为“收集，搜集”。例如：collect stamps 收集邮票 collect coins 收集硬币【拓展】collection名词，意为“收藏品、收集物”。是动词collect 的名词形式，是由动词collect后缀-tion变化来的。 collector 名词，意为“收藏家”。例如：These are my collections. 这些是我的收藏品。My brother has a very good collection of stamps. 我的弟弟收集了许多邮票。Mark is a famous stamp collector. Mark是一位著名的邮票收藏家。4. savesave作动词，意为“保存、储存、挽救、节省”等意思。例如：How do you save the document? 你如何保存这个文件？The boy saves money to buy a pen. 那个男孩攒钱买钢笔。The police saved the girls life. 警察救了那个女孩的命。【拓展】savefrom（doing） 拯救免于save ones life 救某人的命， 帮某人大忙5. care (1) care用作名词，表示“照顾，照看，小心”等，为不可数名词。例如： You must do it with great care. 你必须十分小心地做那件事。 We should take good care of these children. 我们应该好好照看这些孩子。 (2) care用作动词时有以下用法： 1) 后接不定式，表示“愿意，喜欢，想要做某事”，通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。例如： I dont care to play basketball. 我不喜欢打篮球。 Would you care to go for a walk? 你想去散散步吗？ 2) 后接从句，表示“在乎，在意”等，多用于否定句或疑问句中，偶尔也用于肯定句中。例如： I dont care what he thinks. 我才不管他怎么想呢。 I really care whether we win or lose. 我真的很在乎我们是赢还是输。 3) 用于care about表示“在乎，担忧，关注”。例如： He doesnt care about his clothes. 他对衣着不在乎。6. such as such as意为“例如”，用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但such as后边不能用逗号。例如：Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science. 其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎，例如跟我学跟我学科学。English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚和加拿大等。【拓展】for example也意为“例如”，但是强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。 Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。7. dis-; -able等前缀、后缀构词法 (1) 前缀 1) dis-主要用在动词之前或名词和形容词前，表示相反意义。例如： disappear消失；dislike不喜欢；discover发现；disobey不遵守；disbelieve不相信；disadvantage不利条件；dishonest不诚实的 2) in-; im-; un-; il-; ir-用在形容词前，表示否定意义。例如： indirect间接的；incorrect不正确的；inactive不活动的；impossible不可能的；unable不能的；unhealthy不健康的；unsuccessful不成功的；illegal非法的；irregular不规则的 3) re-用在动词前，表示“重新，再”。例如： rebuild重建；recycle再循环；reconsider重新考虑 (2)后缀 1) able：名词或动词变为形容词，表示“可的；显示性质”。例如：respectable可敬的；eatable可吃的；comfortable舒服的；valuable有价值的；fashionable时髦的；loveable可爱的。2) ful：名词或动词变为形容词，表示“充满的”。例如： beautiful漂亮的；successful成功的；wonderful精彩的；hopeful有希望的3) less：名词变为形容词，表示“没有的”。例如：jobless无业的；homeless无家可归的；helpless无助的4) ous：名词变为形容词，表示“具有性质的”。例如： dangerous危险的；humorous幽默的5) er/-or动词变为名词，表示“的人/物”。例如： player选手；writer作家；driver驾驶员8. waste（1）用作动词，表示“浪费”，用于 waste time (money) on/over sth，表示“在方面浪费时间（金钱）”。例如：I dont think we need waste much time on this. 我想我们不必在这上面浪费时间了。Dont waste any more time over it. 不要再在这上面浪费时间了。(2) 用于 waste time (money) (in, on) doing sth, 表示“浪费时间（金钱）做某事”。例如：She wasted her time and money (on) paying bribes. 她将时间和金钱浪费于贿赂。We wasted a whole afternoon (in) trying to repair the car. 我们浪费了整整一下午的时间想把汽车修理好。（3）waste 之后也可接除 time, money 之外的名词作宾语。例如：Dont waste your efforts on helping him. 不要白费力气去帮他。Im not going to waste any more words on the subject. 我不想在这个问题上多费唇舌了。词汇精练I. 写出相应的新词。(op.表示反义词)1. final (adv.) _ 2. surprise(adj.) _3. hope(adj.) _4. polite(op.) _5. like (op.) _6. agree(op.) _7. useful (op.) _8. comfortable(op.) _II. 英汉词组互译。1. 扔掉_ 2. 对有好处_3. such as_ 4. 请求（帮助）_5. be worried about _ 6. 尽可能_7. divide into_ 8. 把变成 _III. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成下列单词。1. Dont w_ too much time playing computer games or watching TV.2. Coins were s_ all over the floor. 3. We can pick up the waste paper for r_.4. To save some e_, we must do everything we can in our daily life.5. Something must be done to stop the factories p_ the air.6. Even the simplest everyday activities can _(减少) pollution.7. I think its _(必要的) for us to master a foreign language.8. My computer doesnt work. I have to get somebody to _(修理) it.9. We should _(关心) for our parents. Its the right thing for us to do.10. They are _(打架) over something.IV. 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. We are _(raise) money to the poor children.2. Though he is very young, he can still do something _(help).3. Its better to collect _(reuse) waste.4. Waste gas is _(harm) to the environment.5. Try _(call) him. Maybe he is at home now.6. She likes working in the field instead of _(stay) at home.7. It was such a _(wonder) movie that all of us enjoyed seeing it.8. Teachers told us to listen to them _(careful) in class.9. Our life becomes more convenient with these useful and famous _(invent).10. It is her daughters _(ill) that made her worried day and night.参考答案I. 写出相应的新词。(op.表示反义词)1. finally 2. surprising/ surprised 3. hopeful/hopeless 4. impolite 5. dislike6. disagree 7. useless 8. uncomfortableII. 英汉词组互译。1. throw away 2.be good for 3. 诸如，例如 4. ask for（the help） 5.担心 6.asas possible 7. 把分成 8. changeintoIII. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成下列单词。1. waste 2. spread 3. recycling 4. energy 5. polluting 6. reduce 7. necessary8. repair 9. care 10. fightingIV. 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. raising 2. to help/helpful 3. reusable 4. harmful 5. calling 6. staying7. wonderful 8. carefully 9. inventions 10. illness句式精讲1. when shopping and not ask for a plastic bag?ask for sth.“请求某事，要某物”，相当于want sth.。 ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物或请求帮助”。例如： Please ask for help if you have some problems. 如果你有问题，请寻求帮助。 If you dont find the way to the school, please ask a policeman for help. 如果你找不到去学校的路，请向警察求助。【拓展】 (1) ask sb. sth. 表示“问某人某事”。例如： Can I ask you some questions? 我能问你一些问题吗？ (2) ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.“让某人不要做某事”。例如：I often ask him to help me with my housework. 我经常让他帮助我做家务。My mother asked me not to read in the sun.妈妈让我不要在太阳下看书。 (3) ask sb. about sth.意为“询问某人有关某事；向某人打听某事”。例如： My father often calls me up and asks me about my study. 爸爸经常给我打电话，询问我的学习情况。2. Use things for as long as possible.as long as possible意为“（时间）尽可能长”，as as possible 意为“尽可能的”。as as 中间是形容词或者副词的原级。例如：I hope my marks would be as high as possible. 我希望我的分数尽可能地高。He picked as many apples as possible in the apple garden. 他在果园摘了尽可能多的苹果。3.use china cups and cloth bags because they can be used many times.（1）because引导的原因状语从句，是含有情态动词的被动语态。它的结构是：情态动词be动词的过去分词。例如：The work can be finished in two days. 这件工作可以在两天后完成。（2）它的否定形式是在情态动词的后面加not。例如：Smoking cant be allowed in the classroom. 吸烟在教室里是不被允许的。（3）一般疑问句是把情态动词提到句子开头。例如：Can your work be finished today? 你的工作今天能完成吗？4. We cannot hope for rapid change，butbut是连词，意为“但是”，和and, or等一样，可以用来连接两个并列句。but连接两个并列句时，表示前后意义的转折；此时，but的前面要有逗号。例如：Im tidy, but she isnt. 我很整洁，但是她不是。【拓展】(1)作连词，意为“但是，可是”。 例如： English may be hard, but it is the most important of all.英语虽然很难，但却是最重要的。【注意】but 不能与although或though 连用,因为它们是连词,故不能同时出现在句子中。例如：虽然他是个孩子，但是却懂得很多。Although he is only a child, but he knows a lot. ()Although he is only a child, he knows a lot.()He is only a child, but he knows a lot.()(2) 由but 构成的几个常用结构：notbut 表示“不是而是”。例如： I meant not he but you should pay attention to pronunciation.我说不是他而是你要注意发音。not onlybut also表示“不但而且”。该结构可以并列任何两个句子成分，在并列两个主语时，要注意谓语动词与就近的主语一致。例如：Not only he but also I am interested in pop music. 不但他而且我也对流行歌曲感兴趣。5. It takes energy to change something into something else.（1）take意为“消耗，用掉(时间、体力、金钱、燃料等)”， 常以it 作形式主语。例如：It only takes ten minutes to walk there. 走到那里只要十分钟。Dont take too long over it. 别在这上头花太多时间。（2）“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”意为“花费某人多长时间做某事”。例如：It took me two days to do the work. =The work took me two days. 做这工作花了我两天时间. It takes me one hour to play basketball every day. 我每天花费一个小时的时间打篮球。【注意】在“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型中，take后面的sb.如果是代词，要用代词的宾格形式，sb.有时可以省略不写。例如: It takes two hours to fly to Shanghai. 飞到上海需要两个小时。句式精练I. 同义句转换，每空一词。1. It is not possible to clean up the river in two days. _ _ to clean up the river in two days.2. It is full of hope for the team to win the match. It _ _ for the team to win the match.3. You know the paper can be used again. You know the paper can _ _.4. We call hope that the project will be a success. We all hope that the project will _ _.5. Drinking polluted water is not healthy. Drinking polluted water _ _.II. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。1. 记住要及时关灯以便尽可能地少用能源。Remember to _ _ lights in time so that you use as little energy_ _.2. 扔掉玻璃和纸是浪费的。It is wasteful _ _ _ glass and paper.3. 应该阻止人们砍伐树木。People should be _ _ _ down the trees.4. 虽然我们年级小，我们仍能为保护环境做一些事情。_ we are young, we can still _ _to protect the environment.5. 保护环境和发展经济同样重要。Protecting environment is _ _ _ developing economy.6. 如果你不做一些事情来拯救我们的世界，那么我们的未来将会是没有希望的。If you dont do anything _ _ our world, our future will be _.7. 走到学校对你来说是不寻常的。Its _ for you _ _ _ _.8. 乘公交车去那儿花了我五分钟。It_ me five minutes _ _there by bus。“III. 单句改错( 每句只有一处) 。1. I love reading. Im a great read._2. We should stop the factories from pollute the river._3. Do you agree to me?_4. Be care! There are so many cars on the road._5. Its cold outside. Lets keep all the windows close._6. I hope you to get here on time._IV. 补全对话。 根据对话内容，将方框内符合对话语境的句子抄写在对话空白处，使对话恢复完整，选项中有两项是多余的。A: Where did you go last weekend?B: 1 .A: But you told me you wouldnt go there. You said it was dirty. 2 B: Er, you know, I didnt want to go there first. But most of my friends went, so I went with them.A: I see. 3 B: I told the old people something interesting around us.A: 4 B: I had fun and felt happy.A: 5 Next time, Ill go with you.Thats great. How did you feel? Who did you go with?What did you do there? Thank you. I went to the old peoples home.Why did you go there then?参考答案I.同义句转换，每空一词。1. Its impossible 2. is hopeful 3. be reused 4. be successful 5. is unhealthy II.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。1. turn off; as possible 2. to throw away 3. prevented/ stopped/kept from cutting 4. Though/Although; do something 5. as important as 6. to save; hopeless 7. unusual; to walk to school 8. took; to getIII.单句改错( 每句只有一处)。1. I love reading. Im a great reader.2. We should stop the factories from polluting the river.3. Do you agree with me?4. Be careful! There are so many cars on the road.5. Its cold outside. Lets keep all the windows closed.6. I hope you can get here on time.IV. 补全对话。1. I went to the old peoples home. 2. Why did you go there then?3. What did you do there? 4. How did you feel? 5. Thats great.
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