2019届高三英语上学期第一次月考试题(含解析) (I).doc

2019届高三英语上学期第一次月考试题(含解析) (I)第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。When it es to purchasing your first bike, the choice is endless, making it tough to know what to go for. Here are the the best buys on the market right now.1. Boardman CX pThis is a cross-country bike, and its so multifunctional that you can handle any terrain (地势) on it, making it a great choice for those wanting to try various cycling subjects. If you leave on the thick tires it es with, it can ride on various paths and can even handle some less demanding mountain bike routes. Alternatively, put on thin, smooth tires and treat it as a road bike. It has a basket and es with Shimano Sora gears(变速器), which are outstanding for its price.&650, Halfords2. Planet X RT-58 v2Planet X is based in Yorkshire, which means youd probably have to buy this bike without seeing it. But its worth it, because this is an excellent machine at a lower price. Planet X is a highly rated manufacture and this model es with Shimano Sora gearing.&585, Planet X3. Specialized Allez ESSpecialized is one of the biggest and most popular brands in cycling, and this is its hugely popular primary road bike. It es with solid ponents from front to back and youll look great out on the road.&575, Evans Cycles4. Boardman Road Team CarbonIf you can push your budget further still, this bike is worth the extra investment. The frame is made entirely from carbon, which is lighter, faster and more fortable than the position metal models above and gives you an all-round more enjoyable ride. It also means that if you get really serious about cycling, you dont have to upgrade as quickly as you would with a cheaper bike.&800, Halfords1. What is special about Boardman CX p?A. Its Shimano Sora gears B. Its various functionsC. Its reasonable price D. Its firm tires2. Which one has the lowest price but with Shimano Sora gears?A. Planet X RT-58 v2 B. Specialized Allez E5C. Boardman CX p D. Boardman Road Team Carbon3. What can we learn about the bikes mentioned in the text?A. Planet X RT-58 v2 has been sold out so farB. Boardman CX p is actually a mountain bikeC. Specialized Allez E5 is designed for senior cyclistsD. Boardman Road Tram Carbon is made by special materials【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍了四款自行车的性能、特色及价格。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 its so multifunctional that you can handle any terrain on it可知，自行车是多功能的自行车可以在任何路况下骑行。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。题干问的是哪款自行车价低并且带有变速器。根据第二段最后一句和第三段最后一句可知，带有变速器的只有Boardman CX p和Planet X RT-58v2这两款车。这两款车中价更低的是Planet X RT-58V2 。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段 The frame is made entirely from carbon可知，这款车的框架是用炭做成的，比上文中的另三款车更轻更快更舒适，也就是说,这款车是用特殊材料做成的。故选D。【点睛】考生在做这类型的阅读理解题时可以先读题，再读短文这样会节省时间。BWho decided that blue jeans and T-shirts are “cool” for kids to wear today? Who designs the clothes you see for sale in stores? All of these questions concern the world of fashion.Fashion refers to the styles of dress that are currently popular. Fashion goes beyond just clothes, though. Its important for some people to wear only the latest fashions and styles. For others, though, keeping up with trends isnt that important. The one thing that stays the same with fashion is this: it always changes!In the 1960s and 1970s, hippies made bell-bottomed blue jeans popular. In the 1980s, Michael Jackson made parachute pants (降落伞裤) all the fashion. Now try to find these items in todays clothing stores!Why do fashions change? The answer is probably as simple as the fact that people change. Over time, the new replaces the old. People are influenced greatly by popular culture, including athletes, musicians, movie stars, as well as popular films, television shows, books and music. We are also influenced by the fashion industrys advertising.The stars of popular culture are always searching for a new angle to maintain (保持) their popularity. Often these new angles e in the form of new clothing or hairstyles. When people see these new styles, they often want to imitate their favorite stars. To do so, they seek out the latest fashions to make themselves look like the people they want to imitate. In this way, fashions evolve and change over time.For years, clothes have been used to separate people into groups. Even today, brand-name clothing that is more expensive than other types of clothing can be used by some people to distinguish themselves from others.Unfortunately, this can often have the effect of distancing certain groups from others. Dont forget that its always OK to develop your own sense of style that is unique and separate from what the fashion world determines! Stay true to yourself and let your personality not your clothes speak for who you are!4. The examples of bell-bottomed blue jeans and parachute pants in Paragraph 3 suggest that _.A. fashion always changesB. stars are always influentialC. people have different dressing stylesD. hippies and Michael Jackson are good designers5. Fashions change mainly because _.A. advertisements change rapidlyB. popular culture influences peopleC. movie stars are changing over timeD. new films and shows replace the old6. In the last paragraph, the author mainly wants to stress _.A. the advantages of staying uniqueB. the bad effects of following fashionC. the good influences of popular stylesD. the importance of having ones own personality7. We can learn from the text that _.A. fashion is all about clothesB. the author has gone out of fashionC. clothes may separate and distance peopleD. people like imitating others dressing style【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C【解析】试题分析：本文是议论文。作者主要说明了时尚为什么随着时间而改变。【4题详解】A。推理判断题。由第二段中的The one thing thatstays the same with fashion is this: it always changes可知，第三段中的两个例子都在说明：时尚总在变化。故选A。【5题详解】B。细节理解题。由第四段中的People are influencedgreatly by popular culture和第五段的描述可知，时尚在不断变化的原因是流行文化对人的影响极大。故选B。【6题详解】D。推理判断题。由最后一段中的Dont forget that itsalways OK to develop your own sense of style . Stay true to yourself and letyour personality not yourclothes speak forwho you are可知，作者主要说明了要有自己独特的时尚感，并且要保持个性。故选D。【7题详解】C。推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的clothes have beenused to separate people into groups和最后一段中的this can often have the effect of distancing certain groups fromothers可知，衣服可以把人分成不同的群体，也可以让不同群体之间的人疏离。故选C。【名师点拨】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。比如，第34小题，D。推理判断题。由最后一段中的Dont forget that itsalways OK to develop your own sense of style . Stay true to yourself and letyour personality not yourclothes speak forwho you are可知，作者主要说明了要有自己独特的时尚感，并且要保持个性。故选D。考点：考查议论文阅读CScientists have solved the mystery of why the overwhelming majority of mammoth fossils(化石)are male.Much like wild elephants today, young male Ice Age mammoths probably travelled around alone and more often got themselves into risky situations where they were swept into rivers, or fell through ice or into mud, lakes or sinkholes that preserved their bones for thousands of years, scientists say.Females, on the other hand, travelled in groups led by an older matriarch who knew the landscape and directed her group away from danger.Without the benefit of living in a herd led by an experienced female, male mammoths had a much higher risk of dying in natural traps such as mud holes, rock cracks and lakes, said co-author Love Dalen of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in a report published on Thursday in the journal Current Biology.The study used genetic data to determine the sex of 98 woolly mammoth fossils in Siberia Researchers found that 69% of the samples were male, a heavily unbalanced sex ratio, assuming that the sexes were fairly even at birth.We were very surprised because there was no reason to expect a sex bias in the fossil record, said first author Patricia Pecnerova, also of the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Therefore, researchers believe that something about the way they lived influenced the way they died.Most bones, tusks, and teeth from mammoths and other Ice Age animals havent survived, explained Dalen.It is highly likely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved because they have been buried, and thus protected from weathering.These giant, tusked plant eaters disappeared about 4,000 years ago. While there is no scientific agreement about the causes of their disappearance from the planet, most believe that climate change, excessive hunting by humans and the spread of other animals into mammoth feeding grounds were influential factors.8. The underlined word matriarch in paragraph 3 means _.A. figure head B. female leaderC. experienced animal D. mature mammoth9. Why do the majority of mammoth fossils e from male animals?A. Scientists find it easier to study male fossilized bones.B. There were more male mammoths in parison to femalesC. Male mammoths were better able to adapt to the changing circumstances.D. Male mammoths more frequently died in places where fossils could form.10. Which of the following is suggested as a reason for mammoths dying out?A. The increasing petition for food.B. The cooling of the earths temperature.C. The disappearance of male mammoths.D. The risky behaviour of younger mammoths.11. What is the text type of the passage?A. A newspaper article. B. An academic essay.C. A historical description. D. A science fiction story.【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了科学家们做了一项研究调查揭开了mammoth化石大部分是雄性的原因，并且还指出mammoth灭绝的可能性原因。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，雌性动物成群迁徙，肯定是在年老的“雌性领队”的带领下迁徙的，这头“领队动物”对环境更了解，能带领团队避开危险。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。题干问的是为什么大多数的mammoth这种动物化石都是雄性的。根据第二段可知雄性常常单独行动，因此而使自己陷入困境而丧失生命，这困境常常是形成化石的一种条件。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。题干问的是下列哪一项是文章暗示出的这种动物灭绝的一种原因。根据最后一段 While there is no scientific agreement about the causes of their disappearance from the planet, most believe that climate change, excessive hunting by humans and the spread of other animals into mammoth feeding grounds were influential factors可知,其它动物抢走mammoth的食物也是这种动物从地球上消失的一个因素;也就是说：对食物竞争的日益激烈是其灭绝的一种原因。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。题干问的是本篇文章的语篇类型是什么。根据第一段 Scientists have solved the mystery of.和第五段 The study used genetic data to determine.以及最后一段可以看出:该文揭示了mammoth化石大部分是雄性的原因，所以这是刊登在报纸上的一篇文章。不属于B项意为“学术论文”;C项意为“描述历史”;D项意为“科幻小说”。故选A。【点睛】学生学会分析句子成分有利于提高阅读速度和做题的正确率，如第二题，其证据信息在第二段。 young male mammoth probably traveled around alone and more often got themselves into risky situations 是主句;where they were swept into rivers, or fell through ice or into mud, lakes or sinkholes是定语从句修饰先行词situations; that preserved their bones for thousands of years是定语从句修饰先行词rivers ice, mud, lake和sinkholes。 Much like wild elephants today作状语。DIts no secret that American infrastructure is aging. Concrete(混凝土) structures, in particular, are in desperate need of repair.Cracks (缝隙) are very mon due to various chemical and physical phenomena that occur during everyday use, which can be quite harmful as they provide an easy route in for liquids and gasses and the harmful substances they might contain. But continuous repair work is difficult because it usually requires a huge amount of labor and investment. So since xx, Ive been trying to figure out how these harmful cracks could heal themselves without human involvement. The idea was originally inspired by the amazing ability of the human body to heal itself of cuts, bruises and broken bones. In the same way, can we provide necessary products to concrete to fill in cracks when damage happens?My colleagues from Binghamton University and I have found an unusual candidate to help concrete heal itself: a fungus (真菌) called Trichoderma reesei. We initially screened about 20 different species of fungi in order to find one that could stand the difficult conditions in concrete. Of all the fungi we tested, only T. reesei could survive this environment. Despite the sudden PHincrease, its spores (孢子) developed into threadlike things and grew equally well with or without concrete.We propose including fungal spores, together with nutrients, during the initial mixing process when building a new concrete structure. When the unavoidable cracking occurs and water finds its way in, the sleeping fungal spores will start to grow. They then will work as an activator within the calcium-rich conditions of the concrete to promote precipitation (析出) of calcium carbonatecrystals. These mineral deposits can fill in the cracks. If cracks form again and environmental conditions bee favorable, the spores could wake up and repeat the process.Our research is still in the initial stage and theres a long way to go to make self-healing concrete practical and cost-effective. But the scope of American infrastructures challenges makes exploring creative solutions like this worthwhile.12. Why does the author mention the self-healing of human body?A. To show how amazing human body is.B. To prove everything will turn out to be fine.C. To provide a possibility of concrete healing itself.D. To stress that its unnecessary to have medicines.13. What do we know about T. reesei?A. It has been applied to building a new concrete.B. It can bear the tough conditions in concrete.C. Its spores will be useless after one repair.D. It poses potential risks to environment.14. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?A. The challenges of American infrastructure. B. The research on self-healing concrete.C. The process of cracking. D. The promotion of spores.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. The Danger of Cracks B. The Aging of American InfrastructureC. The Most Powerful Fungus D. Concrete Filling Its Own Cracks【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述美国基础设施的老龄化，混凝土出现裂缝。作者和同事通过测试发现了一种真菌，能使裂缝自己愈合。作者认为虽然该项研究还是初始阶段，还有很长的路要走，但是面对美国基础设施的现状，觉得这一研究是很值得的。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中 Since xx,I have been trying to figure out how these harmful cracks could heal themselves without human involvenment .when damage happens?可知，作者受人类自愈功能的灵感的激发，产生了要调查清楚混凝土缝隙在没有人类的作用下怎样自愈的，故作者提到人类自愈是为了证明混凝土缝隙有可能会自愈。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 Of all the fungi we tested ,only T.reesei could survive these environment可知，所有20种不同类型的真菌中，只有T.reesei能经受得住混凝土中的艰苦条件。故选B。【14题详解】代词指代题。根据最后一段中 there is a long way to go to make self-healing concrete practical and cost-effective. But the scope of American infrastructures challenges makes exploring creative solutions like this worthwhile可知，虽然让混凝土自愈（这一研究项目）达到实用化和有成本效益化还有很长的路要走，但是美国的大范围的基础设施老龄化，让（有创造性的）探索（此类解决办法）很值得，故可推知“this”指的是“混凝土自愈的研究”。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是面对美国基础设施的老龄化混凝土出现裂缝，作者和同事通过测试发现了一种真菌，能使缝隙自己愈合。A项意为“缝隙的威胁”;B项意为“基础设施的老龄化”;C项意为“最强大的一种真菌”;D项意为“混凝土自愈缝隙”。故选D。【点睛】1.本篇阅读理解题，生词量较大，考生要有耐心。要记着：生词量越大，题往往越容易做对，考生要做的就是耐心去读文章。2.在阅读理解设计问题中，有一种换词现象，如第二题中的B项，原文在第三段第三行（用的是stand），选项中换成了bear，这要求考生在课下一定要认真积累同义词。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to overe challenges in your lifeWe all face tough and difficult challenges in life. To overe challenges you need to have that “never quit” attitude in life. If you develop it, youll overe quite a bit.Motivate yourself. Say “YES, I CAN.” The challenge should bring out the best of you in this situation. Slow it down, and think that process through. _16_If you develop that mindset (心态), youll get it done._17_Remain calm when youre facing serious troubles and problems in life. You have to recollect yourself, and calm down. You cant solve problems when youre panicking. Take a deep breath, relax, and slow it down. Think things through calmly.Let failure and fear fuel you in a positive way. Everyone fails at times. If you fail the first, second, or third time, dont give up. _18_ Learn what made you fail at overing these challenges.Simplify the challenge youre facing. Make the challenge easier than it is. _19_As you get through each step, you develop more confidence and you believe you can get it done, and then you will.Stay positive and confident. _20_You have to find out all the ways you can use to overe it, and put them to full use with all your effort. Its our own mental stability thats the difficult part. When you do it mentally, youll actually be able to do it.A. Stay calm and cool headed.B. Think the best, not the worst.C. Start by breaking it down into steps.D. To overe a challenge, you have to believe you can really do it.E. Most people will avoid any challenge, because theyre scared of failing.F. Develop that confidence in saying theres no way youre going to fail at this.G. Pick yourself up, and learn from why youve failed, and move on in a positive direction.【答案】16. F 17. A 18. G 19. C 20. D【解析】试题分析：人生中我们会不断面临挑战，怎样克服挑战，作者给了我们一些具体的建议。【16题详解】F 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲要激励自己，要对自己说我能行，不要着急，发挥最好的自己。如果有这种心态事情就能成功。F项“用这种方法来增加自信就不会失败。”连接前后，承上启下，故选F。【17题详解】A 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲遇事要冷静及具体实施办法。A项“保持镇静头脑冷静。”能概括全段内容适合作为标题，故选A。【18题详解】G 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲用积极的态度面对失败。上句讲失败几次也不要放弃。G项“重新爬起，从失败中学习然后朝着积极的方向前行。”与上句连接，告诉了我们具体办法，故选G。【19题详解】C 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本空前面讲“简化面对的挑战。使困难变容易些”，空格后面讲“当通过每一步的时候你就会有更大的信心相信自己能行，你就会成功。”故C项“从把挑战分解成小的步骤开始。”连接前后，故选C。【20题详解】D 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲要保持积极的态度和信心。下文讲要找到解决问题的方法，用头脑全力以赴去解决问题。D项“为了战胜挑战你必须相信你能行。”符合本段意思且连接前后，故选D。考点：考查对文章的整体理解和上下文逻辑关系的把握。【名师点睛】关于七选五的做题步骤：1、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。2、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。3、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。4、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。5、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。第二部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In my second year of high school, I met the anthropology (人类学) teacher, Mr. Croft. I didnt know anything about anthropology, so I never signed up for Mr. Crofts class. _21_, this didnt stop him from positively _22_my life.Mr. Croft was a _23_twenty-four hours a day after school, before school, and in and out of his _24_. Mr. Croft inspired and taught every student at East High, _25_me. He often _26_me to bee all I could possibly be.How could I possibly _27_Mr. Croft?After I graduated from high school, I had an opportunity to _28_football for thirteen-year-olds. To get a feel for the boys _29_, I had each of them run out for a _30_. I wanted to see who could run, catch and throw so I could _31_a team in my mind.Two days into practice, a tall kid appeared on the field. He got in _32_, and when he ran out for a pass, I threw the ball. It hit him square in the _33_. He picked up the _34_and ran it back to me. It came time for his second pass and I _35_him in the head again. With his nose bleeding and his lip swelling, he _36_the ball, raced it back to me, and got back in line.Later I got to know that he was the son of my anthropology teacher, Tommy Croft. I was _37_. He said, “Im here because I want to play football. And I prom