中国文化通览(第五课).ppt

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Section2BeijingOperaandLocalOperas TheHistoryofChineseOpera TraditionalChineseoperaisthecreamoftheChineseculture Itcamefromthesonganddanceoftheprimitivesociety 1 intheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod sorcerer sdanceinthefeudalsociety orcomedian sdance 2 intheHanDynasty acrobaticstovaudeville 3 intheTangDynasty canjunxi militarystaffofficers performance thestoriesbecamemoreandmorecomplicated andthewholethinggraduallybecameacombinationofdifferentkindsofarts TheHistoryofChineseOpera 4 Zaju poeticdramasettomusic usuallyconsistingoffouractscalledZhe withonecharacterhavingthesingingroleineachZhe intheSongDynastyandYuanben orZaju intheJinDynasty werecomparativelycompleteformsoftraditionalChineseopera 5 ThebirthofZajuintheYuanDynastymarkedthematurityoftraditionalChineseopera IntheMingDynasty thereappearedZajuandChuanqi poeticorversedramas 6 DuringthereignofEmperorJiajingoftheMingDynasty KunOpera otherwiseknownasKungshanqiangorKunqu bothqiangandqumeaningopera cameintobeing AsoneofChina srepresentativeclassicaloperas itnurturedandnourishedmanyoperas hencethemotherofoperas TheHistoryofChineseOpera 7 IntheQingDynasty Chuanqicontinuedtobepopular Localoperasflourished includingKunqiang Gaoqiang Xuansuoqiang Bangziqiang andPihuangqiang 8 DuringthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty operasweredividedintoHuabuandYabu Theformer alsocalledLuantuan referstolocaloperaswhilethelattertoKunOperaonly whichwasgraduallyonthewanebecauseitwasonlyenjoyedbythenoblesintheroyalcourt notthegeneralpublic AnditwasatthishistoricmomentthatBeijingOpera alsoknownasPekingOpera emerged BeijingOpera atreasureoftheChinesenation aculturalsymbol 1 ThefeaturesofBeijingOpera arefinedclassicalart Richincontent perfectinformanduniqueinstyle thesingingismelodiousandsensational therecitationvividlybrief andharmoniouslyrhythmic Themusicisgracefulandcharming thestageartisbrightandcolorful thefacialmake upisadistinctivefeature Fourmajorroles sheng male dan female jing paintedface chou clown ItisveryChineseandnationalincolor BeijingOpera 2 Differenttypes 1 Accordingtothetimeofthestory fourcategories traditionaloperas costumeoperas neworcontemporaryoperasandmodernoperas 2 Accordingtotheperformancestyle civil pieces martial pieces 3 Accordingtothedurationoftime benxi zhezixi 4 Accordingtothenumberofcharactersinaplay duixi qunxi 5 Accordingtothetypeofrole laoshengshow xiaoshengect Xiaosheng handsomeyoungman Wusheng youngwarriors Laosheng virtuousoldmenwithbeards Typesoffacialmake up sheng Typesoffacialmake up dan TsingYi sedateladieswithdignities Huadan eithervivaciousyounggirlsorviragoes Laodan oldfemale Daomadan warriorwomen wudan militaryornon militarywomencapableofmartialarts
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