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Unit 4 Sharing(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1fortnight n两星期2muddy adj. 泥泞的；泥土般的3textbook n. 教科书；课本4rectangle n. 矩形；长方形5rectangular adj. 长方形的；矩形的6broom n. 扫帚7sniff vt.&vi. 嗅；闻；用鼻子吸8interpreter n. 作口译的人9grill n. 烤架；大平底锅v. 烧烤；炙烤 10evil n. 邪恶；罪恶 adj. 邪恶的11paperwork n. 文书工作12toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯13astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人14financial adj. 财务的；金融的；财政的15catalogue n. 目录16trunk n. 树干；躯干；大衣箱17click vi.&vt. (使)发出咔嗒声n. 咔嗒声.重点单词写其形1platform n. 台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台2economic adj. 经济的；经济学的3concept n. 观念；概念4relevant adj. 有关的；切题的5otherwise conj. 否则；不然adv. 用别的方法；其他方面6purchase vt.&n. 买；购买7privilege n. 特权；特别优待8weekly adj.&adv. 每周(的)9remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的10weed n. 杂草；野草vt.& vi. 除杂草.拓展单词通其变1adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的adjustment n调整；调节；适应纵联12participate vi.参与；参加participation n参加；参与participant n参与者；参加者3arrangement n安排；排列；整理arrange v安排；排列；整理4donate vt.捐赠donation n捐赠；捐献donator n捐赠者5voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的volunteer n自(志)愿者 vi.自(志)愿做6political adj.政治的；政党的politics n政治7distribute vt.分配；分发distribution n分配；分发；分布状态8security n安全；保护；保障secure vt.使安全 adj.安全的纵联29operate vi.工作；运转 vt.操作operation n手术；运转；操作operator n操作人员纵联1.后缀“able”形容词大观园adjustable可调节的 respectable可敬的adaptable可适应的 reasonable合理的favorable有利的 unbelievable不可信的reliable可依赖的 admirable仰慕的fortable舒适的 suitable合适的纵联2.“ty”结尾名词不甘示弱security安全 necessity必需品similarity相似(性) possibility可能(性)quality质量；品质 quantity数量identity身份；一致性 dignity尊严；自豪equality平等性 variety种类；多样性单元话题人际关系子话题1志愿服务access n接近；获得acquire v取得；获得accumulate v积累 experience n经验；经历advantage n优点 associate n联想；交往assist vt.帮助；协助 unforgettable adj.难忘的meaningful adj.有意义的 promote vt.促进；提升offer v提供 challenge n挑战子话题2社会交往regards n致意；问候 congratulate vt.祝贺persuade vt.说服；劝说 invite vt.邀请introduce vt.介绍 appreciate vt.欣赏；感激celebrate vt.庆祝 admit vt.承认；允许remend vt.推荐；介绍 remind vt.提醒学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2015江苏高考阅读B)The US.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution， and use of products as well as management of the resulting waste all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste.distribution在本单元的动词形式为：distribute，意为：分配；分发写出加彩单词在本单元的近义词：purchase，该单词还可以作名词，意为“采购，购买的东西”写出concept在句中的含义：观念2(2015江苏高考阅读C)Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish (participate)To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.加彩单词的词性为：动词，意为：志愿做，在本单元的形容词为：voluntary，意为：自愿的；无偿的加彩单词在本单元中的近义词为：relevant，意为：相关的用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空：to_participate高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018浙江高考写作)另一方面，我在一家旅行社做过兼职，积累了相关经验，这帮助了我适应了与不同的人相处。(relevant, adjust)For_another,_I_have_accumulated_relevant_experience_by_working_parttime_in_a_travel_agency,_which_helps_me_adjust_to_getting_along_with_different_people.2(2015天津高考书面表达)我写这封邮件是告诉你一些我们捐赠的图书的情况。这些书将会尽快分发到每个学生手中。(donate, distribute)I_am_writing_an_email_to_tell_you_something_about_our_donated_books,_which_will_be_distributed_to_each_student_as_soon_as_possible.(二)课堂重点释疑1adjust vi.&vt.调整；(使)适合；(使)适应记牢(1)adjust .to (doing) sth.调整以适应(做)某事adjust oneself to 使自己适应于(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应make an adjustment to 对做出调整练通 单句语法填空It took him quite a while to adjust to living (live) alone after his parents passed away.We have made an adjustment (adjust) to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.Having_adjusted (adjust) themselves to earths gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one after another.I have learned how to be independent in a boarding school, which is beneficial to adjusting to the college life. 写美翻译句子(2018北京高考书面表达)我相信你能很快适应在北京的生活。I believe that you can adjust yourself to the life in Beijing soon.2participate vi.参与；参加；分享 记牢(1)participate in参加；参与participate with sb.in sth. 与某人一起分担某事(2)participation n. 参加；参与participant n. 参与者；参加者练通单句语法填空As scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities.It has found that on average, participants (participate) performed better on cognitive (认知的) tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s.I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and Im looking forward to your participation (participate)You should participate with your friend in his sufferings.写美翻译句子(2018全国卷书面表达)两队每天都要训练两小时，并定期参加比赛。 Both_teams_train_for_two_hours_a_day_and_participate_in_petitions_regularly.3otherwise conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面adj.别的；另外的；不同的辨清写出下列句中otherwise的词性和含义(2018全国卷)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . its probably running. adj.别的；另外的(2018全国卷)The study of traditions should be bined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.conj.否则；不然记牢(1)otherwise conj.or (else)/if not否则；要不然(2)otherwise adv.in another way/apart from/differently用其他办法；除以外；别样；另外and otherwiseand so on 等等；及其他or otherwiseor contrary 或相反；或其反面(3)otherwise adj.other/different 另外的；其他的； 不同的练通同义替换So from then on, I have been determined never to be dishonest.Otherwise (Or/Or_else) I will be looked down upon and lose all my friends.She is not very clever, but otherwise (differently/in_another_way) shes a nice girl.用准当otherwise后接句子，表示否定意义时，如果是假想的或与事实相反的情况，从句要用虚拟语气。写美补全句子我认为我们每个人都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人，否则我们迟早要为自己的自私负责。I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need.Otherwise well have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.4donate v捐赠；赠送记牢(1)donate .to sb./sth.把捐赠给某人或某物donate .to do sth. 捐赠做某事(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献make a donation to 向捐赠(3)donated adj. 捐赠的练通单句语法填空Luckily, many people and organizations donated a lot of money to_help (help) them receive college education smoothly.(2017天津高考)I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project.It worked perfectly.Donations (donate) began flooding in from hundreds of people.(2018全国卷)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.写美补全句子政府呼吁公众给贫穷的孩子提供捐赠。(donation)The government appeals to the public to_make_a_donation_to_the_poor_children.5distribute vt.分配；分发；分布记牢(1)distribute .to .把分给distribute .among . 在中分发(2)distribution n. 分配；分发；分布状态练通单句语法填空Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.Who will take charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims?The existing medical knowledge and skills are not equally distributed (distribute) all over the world.写美补全句子(2018北京高考书面表达)我告诉那些国际学生，茶广泛分布在全国各地。I told those international students that tea_is_widely_distributed_all_over_the_country.6operate vi.工作；运转；给动手术；起作用 vt.操作；经营辨清写出下列句中operate的含义The car is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it operating for an hour.运转More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself.操作If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldnt have died.给动手术My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station.经营This kind of material operates as a very effective protection.起作用记牢(1)operate on/upon sb.给某人动手术(2)operation n. 手术；运转；操作be in operation 经营；营业e/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效put/bring .into operation 实施/施行练通单句语法填空For most people, its almost impossible to_operate (operate) a puter without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.I went through many eye operations_ (operate)in an attempt to keep my vision.Were all ready to put it into operation; in other words, were going to take action as fast as possible.写美翻译句子(20166月浙江高考书面表达)虽然我压力很大，但我在比赛中表现很好并最终赢得了一等奖。Though_I_was_under_great_pressure,_I_operated_well_in_the_contest_and_finally_won_first_prize.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1What he learned at university is not relevant (有关的) to his job.2Besides, we need friends to share our joys and sorrows, otherwise (否则) we will feel lonely.3Christmas was almost upon us and presents needed to be purchased (购买)4Just sit at a puter, click (点击) and choose, and you can find all kinds of different things online.5Its my privilege (荣幸) to have such an opportunity to live with your family.6My English teacher asked us to choose a topic, make a(n) weekly (每周的) plan and tell the class about it.7Our class are going to visit poor children in a remote (遥远的) mountainous area this weekend.8This_concept (理念；概念) gives a whole new meaning to the idea of how to live a simple but full life.9With the increasingly rapid economic (经济的) growth, more problems are brought to our attention.10My colleague and I have a lot of experience in web_security (安全), but it is not something that people couldnt learn.单句语法填空1Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself (he) to city life.2He donated part of his liver to_save (save) the stranger, which was really a touching story.3The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation (operate) on his knee.4People who approved of the reform urged that education resources (should)_be_distributed (distribute) among the members of society equally.5He has made arrangements (arrange) for the collection of his baggage from the airport.6Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary (volunteer) activity whose theme was to make the city more beautiful and advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.7They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldnt have_been_stuck (stick) in the storm.8During the last three decades, the number of people participating (participate) in physical fitness programs has increased sharply.9If this product does not give you plete satisfaction，please return it to the manufacturer, stating when it was_purchased (purchase)10The app WeChat provides a networking platform where munication has bee faster and easier.根据提示补全句子1李华担心他在适应英国的食物上有些困难。(adjust)Li Hua is worried that he has_trouble_(in)_adjusting_to British food.2医疗科学证实：献血有益于我们的身心健康。(donate)Medical science has proved that donating_blood_is_good_for_us both physically and mentally.3新学期开始，老师让几个学生帮着给班内的学生发书。(distribute)At the beginning of the new term, the teacher asked several students to_help_to_distribute_the_new_books_to the students in class.4老师应该鼓励学生参加各种各样的活动，这能帮助培养他们的团队精神。(participate)Teachers should encourage students_to_participate_in_all_kinds_of_activities，which can help develop their spirit of teamwork.5这是一台很容易操作的新机器。(operate)This is a new machine which_is_very_easy_to_operate.语境辨义根据语境选出形容词remote的词义(A)偏僻的；遥远的 (B)远亲的(C)相差很大的 (D)微小的1As far as I know, he has a remote cousin._B_2His theories are kind of remote from reality._C_3There is still a remote chance that they will find her alive._D_4He lives in a remote village, which is 200 miles away from the city._A_(一)课前自主学习1dry_up(指河流、井等)干涸2dry_out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透3stick_out 突出；伸出；坚持到底4hear_from 接到的信5(be)_dying_to 极想；渴望串记1 与有关7the_other_day 不久前的一天串记2 偶然遇到9participate_in 参与/参加10in_need 在困难中；在危急中 11get_through 完成；穿过；接通电话12make_a_difference_to 对有影响；起作用同根短语串记串记1.要知道“与有关”be relevant to与有关be related to 与有关be connected with 与有关be associated with 与有关串记2.“偶然遇到”也是缘e across 偶然遇到run across 偶然遇见run into 碰到；偶然遇到meet with 遇到knock into 撞上；偶然遇到1a muddy track 一条泥泞的小路2up_to_two hours 多达两个小时3walk a long way 走很长一段路4try to adapt to these conditions 尽量适应这些状况5the most challenging subject 最富挑战性的课程6the local English dialect 当地人说的英语方言7have fantastic views 看到奇妙的景色8a voluntary contribution 自愿捐款1To be honest, I doubt_whether Im making any difference to these boys lives at all.说实在的，我怀疑是否我教的课会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。2But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did_visit_a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.但是上个周末，我和另外一位老师珍妮，确实去访问了一个村庄，那是其中一个男孩汤贝的家。3We walked for two and a half hours to get there first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。4The gift you give is_not something your loved one keeps but_a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)完形中的短语(词汇替换)1(2018浙江高考完形填空)One day I met a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)(用本单元短语替换加彩词语)The_other_day2(2014天津高考完形填空)For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil every day.Every evening Id eagerly wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.(用本单元短语替换加彩词)be_dying_to高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)1(2018北京高考书面表达)很高兴收到你的来信。欢迎你来北京学习！Im_more_than_glad_to_hear_from_you.Wele to Beijing for your study!2(2013江苏高考书面表达)捐赠书籍和体育用品给有需要的儿童，而不是高喊空洞的口号，这更有意义。Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.3(2016江苏高考书面表达)其次，这种投票并不取决于竞争对手的优势，而是取决于他们有多少社交网络资源。(not . but .)Secondly, voting of this kind does_not_depend_on the strong points of the petitors, but_rather_on how many socialnetworking resources they have. (二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1(be) dying to 极想；渴望记牢(1)be dying/eager/anxious/keen to do sth.long to do sth.渴望做某事(2)be dying/anxious/eager/thirsty for sth.long for sth. 渴望得到某物练通单句语法填空By the way, I am dying to_learn (learn) more detailed information about this activity.He has_been_longing (long) to attend college since he was a little boy.Now his dream has e true.The child cant wait to return to school because he is thirsty for knowledge.写美补全句子首先，作为一名渴望学习知识的学生，你在学习中有必要形成一种有效的学习方法。Firstly, as a student who_is_dying_to_learn_knowledge,_it is necessary to build an effective method in your study.2in need 在困难中；在危急中记牢in (great) need of (非常)需要satisfy/meet ones needs 满足某人的需要there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事练通单句语法填空They wont go back to work unless someone can meet their needs (need)In our life we may meet with many failures, as long as we try our best, theres no need to_feel (feel) regret for these failures.In an advertisement I know that your pany is in need of a temporary interpreter.写美翻译句子我们社会中的每一个人都应该帮助那些需要帮助的人，但更重要的是真诚。Everyone_in_our_society_should_help_those_in_need,_but_it_is_more_important_to_be_sincere.句式集释1“介词关系副词”引导的定语从句教材原句We walked for two and a half hours to get there first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.悟拓展例句(1)The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, from_where she could hear what her parents said.这个小女孩终于被发现藏在门后，从那里她能听到她父母说的话。(2)The book was written in 1946, since_when the education system witnessed great changes.这本书写于1946年，从那时起教育制度见证了巨大的变革。析用法规则用法归纳在“介词关系词”这一类型的定语从句中，关系代词常为which和whom，关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where, since when和by when。注意事项需要注意的是同“介词which”的区别，“介词which”中的which一般是指某一个名词，而“介词where/when”中的where和when指的是地点状语和时间状语。背写作佳句(1)(2018江苏高考书面表达)Once one of my friends told me the higher rating meant the higher quality of the product, since when, based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.(要点句)(2)It took us about 2 hours to reach the top, from where we were rewarded with beautiful scenery, bathed in the sunshine and jumping and cheering with joy.(要点句)2not .but .“不是而是”教材原句The gift you give is_not_something your loved one keeps_but_a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.悟拓展例句(1)I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.我意识到成功的秘诀不是你出生于何时何地，而是你在生活中的所作所为。(2)Not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony really matters_ (matter)析用法规则用法归纳not .but .“不是而是”，在句中连接两个表语。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语应同靠近的主语保持一致。符合“就近一致”原则的还有：(1)not only .but also . (2)neither .nor .(3)either .or .注意事项“not only .but also .”连接两个从句且not only位于句首时，前一分句用倒装结构，后一分句不用倒装。背写作佳句(1)It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.(要点句)(2018全国卷书面表达)Not only do we take volleyball and basketball courses, but our school also holds all kinds of sports petitions.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练.选词填空dry up， e across， in need， dry out， participate in， make a difference， hear from， be dying to 1John hung up his wet wash in order to dry it out.2The big river has dried_up because of drought for several months.3Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage will make_a_difference.4I am_dying_to know when you will visit our city.5She came_across some old photographs in a drawer.6Dont believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because “A friend in_need is a friend indeed.”7I heard_from you the other day, which delighted me very much.8Participating_in this club helps us to learn more about drama, and develop our selfconfidence and cultural qualities as well.根据提示补全/翻译句子1中国是风筝的故乡，从那里放风筝传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。(“介词where”引导的定语从句)China is the birthplace of kites, from_where_kiteflying_spread_to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.2主要问题不是水太热，而是它不干净。(not .but .)The_main_problem_is_not_that_the_water_is_too_hot,_but_that_it_is_not_clean.3在你的上一封邮件中，你怀疑是否有可能弥补你们的友谊。(doubt whether)In your last mail you doubted_whether_it_was_possible_to_make_up_for_your_friendship.4我现在很少锻炼，但我上初中时的确喜欢踢足球。(do强调谓语)I dont take much exercise now, but I_did_like_playing_football when I was in junior middle school.应用文分步写作假定你是红星中学的一名学生。3月5日是学雷锋日，你班组织了一次去敬老院陪老人的志愿活动。请根据下面的活动内容和过程写一篇英文短文，向你校校刊英语专栏投稿。1帮忙打扫卫生；2给老人们表演；3发给老人们礼物。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：敬老院nursing home第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点1审题：文体：记叙文人称：主要是第一人称时态：主要是一般过去时2本文可从三个要点来构思：要点1：介绍这次活动的时间和地点(3月5日去敬老院做志愿活动)。要点2：描写活动的行程和内容(打扫卫生、表演、发礼物等)。要点3：总结活动的意义(学到了很多)。要点1：我们班在3月5日组织了一次志愿活动，去附近一家敬老院为老人做些事情。Our_class_organized_a_voluntary_activity_to_go_to_a_nearby_nursing_home_to_do_something_for_the_elderly_on_March_5th.要点2：在那天，我们一大早就出发了。(set out)On_that_day,_we_set_out_early_in_the_morning.要点2：一到那里，我们就开始打扫卫生。As_soon_as_we_got_there,_we_began_to_do_some_cleaning.要点2：我们在舞台上给老人做了精彩的表演，并给他们分发礼物。We_gave_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_and_distributed_our_gifts_to_them.要点3：我们从这次经历中真的学到了很多。Weve_really_learned_a_lot_from_the_
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