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Unit 4 Pygmalion(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1plot n情节；阴谋2handkerchief n. 手帕；手绢；纸巾3ambassador n. 大使；使节4stocking n. 长袜5cookie n. 饼干6cream n. 奶油；面霜7waist n. 腰；腰部；腰围8alphabet n. 字母表9antique adj. 古时的；(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的n. 文物；古董；古玩10fateful adj. 重要的；决定性的；命中注定的11whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出汽笛声n. 口哨声；汽笛声 纵联1 毛纺的；纯毛的13upper adj. (位置或地位)较高的； 级别较高的纵联2 带来麻烦的；使人心烦的15handful n. 一把；少量16brilliant adj. 光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的17shabby adj. 破旧的；寒酸的.重点单词写其形1properly adv. 适当地；恰当地2overlook vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会3oute n. 结果；效果；后果4betray vt. 显露出(本来面目)；背叛5superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的n. 上级；长官6fade v. (使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失7acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人8condemn vt. 谴责；使处于不幸(不愉快) 的状态9promise n& vi. 妥协；折衷10status n. 身份；地位；职位11disgusting adj. 使人反感的；令人厌恶的12extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的.拓展单词通其变1adaptation n适应(性)；改编本adapt v(使)适应；改编2classic adj.经典的；第一流的 n经典著作class n班级；阶级；等级classical adj.古典的3professor n教授profession n职业；专业professional adj.专业的 n专业人员4hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇hesitation n犹豫；踌躇5unfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的unfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地fortably adv.舒服地；舒适地fortable adj.舒适的；舒服的6mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的mistake n& v错误；误会7classify vt.把分类；把归类classification n分类；归类8remark n谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的9amazement n惊讶；惊愕amaze vt.使吃惊amazed adj.吃惊的amazing adj.令人吃惊的10fortune n机会；运气；大笔的钱fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地11disapprove v不赞成；反对；认为不好approve v赞成12rob vt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺robbery n抢劫(行为)robber n强盗；盗贼13musical adj.音乐的；喜爱音乐的 n音乐喜剧music n音乐musician n音乐家14horrible adj.可怕的；恐怖的horror n恐怖纵联315effective adj.有效的effect n效果；影响纵联1.“名词en”构成的形容词一览woolwoollen毛纺的；纯毛的 leadleaden铅制的earthearthen泥土做的 woodwooden木制的silksilken丝制的纵联2.你可知some也是一个形容词后缀？troublesome带来麻烦的 awesome令人敬畏的boresome烦人的 bothersome引起麻烦的brightsome明亮的；灿烂的 handsome英俊的lonesome孤独的 tiresome使人厌倦的纵联3.“恐怖；可怕”大排档horror战栗；恐怖 horrible恐怖的afraid害怕的 alarm惊慌；恐慌 frighten使惊吓；吓唬 fear恐惧；畏惧terrible可怕的 terrified恐怖的terror恐怖 be scared to death吓死单元话题文学作品子话题戏剧author n. 作者playwright n编剧；剧作家edition n版本(出版形式) version n(电影、剧本等的)版本fiction n(虚构)小说 scene n场景；幕 vivid adj.栩栩如生的 script n剧本backstage adv.在后台 character n. 人物；角色edy n喜剧 draft n草稿；草案inspiration n灵感 curtain n幕布tragedy n悲剧 ending n. 结局masterpiece n. 杰作 stage n舞台学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2018全国卷阅读D)Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the (fortable) silence.Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers， consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.用fortable的适当形式填空：unfortable；fortable的词根为fort，意为“舒适；安慰”选词填空：_A_Apromised Bcondemned Chesitated写出stranger在本单元的反义词：acquaintance2(2015全国卷阅读七选五)Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately， weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.写出加彩词在本单元的同根形容词：mistakenunfortunately在句中词性为词，意为：不幸的是，在本单元的同词根名词为：fortune，意为“机会，运气”。写出加彩词在本单元的动词形式：betray；该词除了表示“背叛”外，还可表示“泄露信息；泄露情感”高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语和提示词补全/翻译句子)1(2014江西高考书面表达)就我个人而言，我曾经尝试过有效的方法来实现我的学术目标。(effective)Personally, I used to try_effective_methods_to_achieve_my_academic_goals.2(2014江西高考书面表达)对于你们这些新生来说，如何适应新的环境是你们要面对的第一件事。(adapt)To_all_of_you,_fresh_students,_how_to_adapt_yourself_to_the_new_environment_is_the_first_thing_that_you_have_to_face.(二)课堂重点释疑1hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇记牢(1)hesitate to do sth.犹豫做某事hesitate about/in/at/over 对犹豫不决(2)hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫without hesitation 毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事练通单句语法填空Since then, I have not hesitated to_be (be) in the presence of others, especially when they need pany.Please have no hesitation in writing to me if you want me to do something for you in China.I hesitated about/in/at/over taking his side until I knew the whole story. 写美补全句子(2015浙江高考书面表达)没有犹豫，我决定跟随他们，那天我们确实过得很开心。Without_hesitation,_I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. 2remark n谈论；言论；评述vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起记牢(1)remark on/upon谈论/评论remark that . 评论(2)make remarks on/upon 对发表评论/看法(3)remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的练通单句语法填空He once remarked that “All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.”As long as you work hard, youll see a slow but remarkable (remark) improvement in your classroom performance during the next term. Miss Li remarked on/upon some students cheating in exams, whose words left a deep impression on us.写美补全句子(2018全国卷书面表达)电影结束后，每个班应该进行一次讨论，期望所有的学生都要发表评论，表达他们对这部电影的看法。After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are expected to make_remarks_and_express_their_views_about_the_film.3acquaintance n相识；了解；熟人记牢(1)结识某人have acquaintance with sth. 对某事知道/了解(2)acquaint v. 使熟悉；使了解be acquainted with 熟悉acquaint oneself with . 熟悉练通单句语法填空He has some acquaintance with German, but doesnt speak it fluently. It was at that party that I first made his acquaintance，since then he and I became good friends.写美用上述短语升级加彩部分(2017全国卷书面表达)Before class, first you need to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. Before class, first you need to acquaint_yourself_with the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. 4fortune n财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气记牢(1)seek/try ones fortune 找出路/碰运气make a fortune 发财；赚钱have the good fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的(lucky)be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth. 有幸做某事(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地(luckily)练通单句语法填空I had the good fortune to_be_chosen (choose) for studying abroad.If were fortunate in achieving success, we will be filled with excitement and joy.用准fortune意为“机会；运气”时，是不可数名词；意为“大笔的钱”时，是可数名词。写美翻译句子幸运的是，她受伤不严重，我们把她送到了最近的医院。Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_nearest_hospital.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1He is smaller than you, but he is superior (优秀的) to you.2He dipped into the bag and brought out a handful (一把) of sample wheat. 3Quite a lot of people will betray (背叛)themselves when tempted by money. 4The government should take effective (有效的) measures to stop water from being polluted. 5The doctor said that the patient might be unfortable (不舒服的) after her operation.6If you think you can drink so much without damaging your health, then youre mistaken (错误的)7“Seize the day, boys. Make your lives extraordinary (非凡的)” from the film Dead Poets Society touched me most.8If we all agree to set aside differences and make a promise (妥协) when we are in disputes, wars are forever gone and we are surely living in peace.单句语法填空1Larry is the only one of my friends who is acquainted (acquaint) with the old poet.2Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.3They were unwilling to promise with the leaders but they had no choice.4We audience all classify him as one of the greatest actors.5Those who dont remember the past are_condemned (condemn) to repeat it.6He showed remarkable (remark) petence when faced with the difficult problems in tough times.7Some parents hesitate to_take (take) these steps because they doubt whether their children are telling lies.8We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesnt really cause, overlooking (overlook) our own roles in shaping childrens minds.根据提示补全句子1他对是否参加探险仍拿不定主意。(hesitate)He is still hesitating_over_whether_to_join the expedition.2老师评论说我的英语作文写得很好。 (remark)The_teacher_remarked_that my English position was well written. 3他对音乐不怎么了解，但他非常精通绘画。(acquaintance)He has_little_acquaintance_with music, but he has a wide knowledge of painting.4他卖掉了西班牙的房产，赚了一大笔钱。(fortune)He made_a_fortune by selling property in Spain.5为了方便起见，我们可把学生分成四组。 (classify)For convenience, we may classify_the_students_into_four_groups.语境辨义根据语境选出动词fade的词义(A)凋谢；枯萎(B)(使)褪色(C)(光等)变暗 (D)逐渐消失1The curtains had faded in the sun._B_2Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be fading away._D_3With the winter approaching, the flowers have faded._A_4They arrived home just as the light was fading._C_(一)课前自主学习1once_more再一次2fade_out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡串记1 伪装(的)；假扮(的)4in_terms_of_. 就来说；从角度5in_need_of 需要6pass_._off_as_. (把某人)改变或冒充成7rob_sb._of_sth. 抢劫某人某物8show_._in 带或领进来串记2 一般来说10make_ones_acquaintance 结识；与相见串记3 处理；对付；涉及同根短语串记串记1.容易被忽略的“inn.”短语in disguise 伪装(的)；假扮(的)in nature 本质上in person 亲自；本人in action 在活动中；在进行中in shape 处于良好状态in amazement 震惊；惊讶in name 名义上的；有名无实的in fort 舒适地串记2.“adv.speaking”短语聚焦generally speaking 一般来说honestly speaking 诚实地说frankly speaking 坦率地说exactly speaking 确切地说strictly speaking 严格地说personally speaking 就个人而言串记3.如何“处理；对付”deal with 处理；对付；涉及do with 处理；对付cope with 处理；应付treat . with 处理；应付handle with 处理dispose of 处理；解决1the quality of a persons English一个人的英语水平2ones position in society 某人的社会地位3in all directions 朝四面八方4shelter from the rain 躲雨5be disappointed at 对失望6take down 写下；记下7deep in 专心于8make records 录音9a bit of luck 运气好10ask for any favours 寻求任何帮助11pay for 支付1Will that be_of_any_use to you？那对你有用吗？2What_if I was？如果我是又怎么样呢？3But, sir, (proudly) once_educated_to_speak_properly,_that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.不过，先生， (高傲地)一旦有人教她把英语说好了，这个女孩就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。4Perhaps I could even find her a place as a ladys maid or a shop assistant, which_requires better English.说不定我还可以给她找份工作，当一名贵妇人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的短语(补全句子/短语替换)1(2013江苏高考阅读C)When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal_with (处理) depression.2(2018北京高考完形填空)For Mr. Smith, this is a possible lifechanging chance.The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.(用本单元短语替换加彩部分)once_more高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(短语升级/翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. In_terms_of_table_manners,_keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. 2(2018浙江高考写作)Ive learned that the English Association of our school now need some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school.Ive learned that the English Association of our school is_now_in_need_of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school.3(2017全国卷书面表达)我知道你对乒乓球很感兴趣，它被认为是中国的国球，在我们国家体育领域非常重要。(which引导非限制性定语从句， be of抽象名词)I_know_you_show_great_interest_in_pingpong,_which_is_regarded_as_the_National_Ball_of_China_and_of_great_value_in_sports_field_in_our_country.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1in terms of .就来说；从角度记牢in the long/short term/run 就长远/短期而言be on good terms with 与处得好e to terms with 达成协议；和好；接受；适应练通单句语法填空The country is very poor and it has to e to terms with the neighbouring countries.The agreement should have very positive results in the long term.Bear in mind that with humor sense, you can always be on good terms with others.写美补全句子就学习和健康来说，我们应该养成健康的生活方式。In_terms_of_study_and_health,_we should develop a healthy lifestyle.2show .in带或领进来记牢show . out带或领出去show off 炫耀；展示show up 出现；来到某处show sb. around/round 领某人参观show . for sb. 向某人表示show . to sb. 给某人看show respect for 对表达尊敬show interest in 对感兴趣练通选用上述短语填空We should _show_respect_for old people, our parents and our teachers.He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasnt shown_up yet.If you e to Hangzhou this weekend, Ill be very glad to show you around/round our beautiful city then.Mike has only driven to the pub to show_off his new car he usually walks.写美翻译句子(2016全国卷书面表达)欢迎任何一个对这次摄影展感兴趣的同学参加。Any_student_who_shows_interest_in_this_photography_show_is_wele_to_participate.句式集释“be of抽象名词”结构 教材原句 Will that be_of_any_use to you?悟拓展例句(1)The way that he had thought of to deal with the problem was of great importance. (2)His opinion is considered to be of great value.His opinion is considered to be very valuable.析用法规则“be of抽象名词”结构，名词通常是use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit等，该结构相当于“be名词所对应的形容词”，这类名词前可用no, some, any, little, much, great等对其进行修饰。背写作佳句(1)(2018浙江高考写作)I treasure this as a good chance and it is of benefit to me in many ways.(要点句)(2)(2016全国卷书面表达)Your guide and suggestions are of great help to me and Im looking forward to your early reply.(总结句)词块、句式过关综合训练.选词填空pass . off as, fade out, in terms of, in need of, make ones acquaintance, generally speaking, show . in, rob . of .1In an advertisement I know that your pany is _in_need_of a temporary interpreter.2They purchased pieces of old furniture and passed them off_as valuable antiques.3He is a friendly and kind man and I am thankful for the opportunity to have made_his_acquaintance.4Please wait here and show the guests in when they dont know how to find the art show hall.5As the program ended, the music slowly faded_out and someone began to speak.6Generally_speaking,_when a child learns to read, he usually begins from ABC. 7However, in_terms_of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory.8They threatened to shoot him and robbed him of all his possessions.根据提示补全句子1当我们和朋友发生冲突的时候，换位思考是十分重要的。(be ofn.)Putting ourselves in their shoes is_of_great_importance/significance when we have conflicts with friends.2他们开始做实验，希望会成功。(形容词短语作状语)They started the experiment, hopeful_for_success.3当被问到他成功的秘诀时，他把这一切都归功于他父母的支持和鼓励。(状语从句省略)When_asked_the_secret_of_his_success,_he owed all to the support and encouragement of his parents. 4小男孩在离家后还未回来，使得他父母很担心。(which引导非限制性定语从句)The little boy hasnt e back yet after leaving home, which_makes_his_parents_worried.5在接下来的半小时里，如果这个问题必须解决会怎样呢？ (what if .)What_if_this_problem_have_to_be_solved in the next half hour?.应用文分步写作根据下列提示，写一篇关于马克吐温及其作品哈克贝利费恩历险记的评论。1马克吐温(Mark Twain)，美国作家，在密西西比河(the Mississippi River)畔小城长大。2代表作(masterpiece)之一哈克贝利费恩历险记(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)。这部小说讲述了白人小孩Huckleberry Finn从家中逃走，和黑奴吉姆在密西西比河流浪的故事。哈克贝利费恩历险记在美国文学史上一直被称为最伟大的作品。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点1审题：文体：文学评论人称：主要是第三人称时态：主要是一般过去时和一般现在时2本文要点具体、明确，因此审题、拟点没有困难，根据题目和要求，可从以下三个要点来写作：要点1：简短介绍马克吐温(美国作家，出生地)；要点2：介绍其代表作哈克贝利费恩历险记；要点3：评论这部作品(地位)。要点1：马克吐温是一位杰出的美国作家。他在密西西比河畔小城长大。(extraordinary)Mark_Twain_was_an_extraordinary_American_writer.He_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River.要点2：他的代表作之一是哈克贝利费恩历险记。这部小说讲述了哈克贝利费恩从家中逃走，在密西西比河流浪的故事。One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn.The_novel_tells_of_Huckleberry Finn running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River.要点2：不久他结识了一位黑人奴隶吉姆。(acquaintance, slave)Soon_he_makes_the_acquaintance_of_a_black_slave,_Jim.要点3：哈克贝利费恩历险记在美国文学上是一部经典的小说。The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_in_American_literature.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行添枝加叶或者升级，用更高级表达，使表达更亮眼。要点1可以使用同位语形式进行升级；要点2使用which引导的非限制性定语从句进行升级；要点2后添加if引导的虚拟语气，说明如果没有遇见吉姆的结果；要点3可增加状语“从许多方面来考虑”并用过去分词作状语表达。升级要点1：马克吐温，一位杰出美国作家，在密西西比河畔的一座小城长大。(同位语)Mark_Twain,_an_extraordinary_American_writer,_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River.升级要点2：他的代表作之一是哈克贝利费恩历险记，讲述了哈克贝利费恩从家中逃走，在密西西比河流浪的故事。(which引导非限制性定语从句)One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn，which_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River.补充要点2：如果他没有遇见吉姆，也就没有后来的这些事了。(if引导的虚拟语气)If_he_hadnt_met_Jim,_there_could_never_have_been_such_things_later_on.拓展要点3：从许多方面来考虑，哈克贝利费恩历险记在美国文学上是一部经典的小说。(过去分词作状语) Considered_in_many_aspects，The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_in_American_literature.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡文学评论一般先简短介绍作者，再介绍被评论的书刊，最后再给出对这本书的评价。这一类的文章一般不需要太多的衔接，关键在于理清要点的先后顺序，注意要点间的衔接、连贯。Mark_Twain,_an_extraordinary_American_writer,_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River.One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn,_which_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River.Soon_he_makes_the_acquaintance_of_a_black_slave,_Jim.If_he_hadnt_met_Jim,_there_could_never_have_been_such_things_later_on.Considered_in_many_aspects，The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic novel in American literature.掌握阅读技能之(六)推理推理判断题要求考生由文章中已知信息出发，对题干要求的内容进行合理推测，大多会问及文章的暗示、推论、结论、人物的身份和关系、作者的观点、态度和语气等。这类试题，除了需要准确、透彻地理解文章、理顺文章的脉络外，还要求考生有一定的思考提炼和逻辑推理的能力。该题型在高考阅读理解中难度较大，是取得高分必须要攻破的一道难关。高考典例1(2018全国卷D篇)We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.Q：What does the author think of new devices?AThey are environmentfriendly.BThey are no better than the old.CThey cost more to use at home.DThey go out of style quickly.分析根据最后一句“这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源”，可推断出新设备更节能、更环保。故选A。高考典例2(2018全国卷A篇)ActivityDescriptionMember of staffCostPotty about Potter (POT) Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in StreatleyonThames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations，picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.Miss Drake150Q：How long does Potty about Potter last?ATwo days.BFour days.CFive days.DOne week.分析根据这则广告可知，该广告提到参观华纳兄弟演播室、买野餐、在青年旅舍住一晚(stay overnight)，那么后面交代的坐船游览查韦尔河就应该是第二天的活动，由此推断这个活动的持续时间是两天。故选A。高考典例3(2018全国卷C篇)1Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a mon Sense Media report published Monday.2While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.3According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13yearolds and 9 percent of 17yearolds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”4The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spe
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