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Unit 3 Science and nature(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1clone vt. 克隆n. 克隆出来的动物或植物2nutrition n. 营养3fellow n. 男子，家伙；同事，同类4channel n. 水道；航道；隧道5catastrophe n. 灾难，灾祸6insert vt. 插入，嵌入7harvest vt.& vi. 收割(庄稼)n. 收获；收成8saleswoman n. 女售货员，女推销员9physician n纵联1 医师；内科医生10tasty adj. 美味的，可口的11agriculture n. 农业12rainforest n. 雨林.重点单词写其形1accurate adj. 准确的，精确的2brief adj. 短暂的，简洁的，简单的3exact adj. 精确的，准确的4relation n. 关系；亲戚5conduct vt. 实施；指挥乐队6profit n. 利润，收益vi.& vt. 获益；对有用 7concept n. 概念；观念8favour n. 赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒9ordinary adj. 普通的，一般的10confirm vt.& vi. 证实，证明；确认；使确信11transform vt.纵联2 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方 向)；使改变形态12summary n. 总结；概括，概要13actual adj. 真实的，实际的14ine n. 收入，收益15crime n纵联3 罪，罪行16hunger n. 饥饿；饥荒17breakthrough n. 突破18permission n. 准许，许可，批准.拓展单词通其变1anxiety n忧虑，焦虑，不安anxious adj.担忧的，焦急的2adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳adopted adj.收养的adoption n采用；收养3consequence n结果，后果consequent adj.随之发生的consequently adv.因此，所以4profession n职业，行业professional adj.专业的，职业的5original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的origin n起源；出身，来历6judgement n判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决judge v判断7majority n多数，大多数minority n少数民族；少数8consideration n仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及consider v考虑，认为considering prep.鉴于，考虑到considerate adj.体贴的considerable adj.大量的9reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的rely vi.依靠，依赖10frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐frightening adj.(事物)令人害怕的frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的11intention n目的，意图；企图intend vt.意欲，计划；打算纵联1.有病不可乱投“医”physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医eye doctor 眼科医生plastic surgeon 整形外科医生纵联2.前缀“trans”之家transform 使改变形态transplant 移植translate 翻译transmit 传送；传播transfer 转移；转让transparent 透明的纵联3.“犯罪”相关常见词crime n. 罪，罪行accuse vt. 控告；指控charge vt. 控告mit vt. 犯(罪)punish vt. 惩罚；处罚sentence vt. 判决；宣判单元话题前沿科技子话题1人工智能artificial intelligence人工智能data mining 数据挖掘serviceoriented robots 服务型机器人big data 大数据speech recognition 语言识别cloud puting 云计算子话题2生物技术organism n有机体 upbringing n抚育，养育makeup n构成，构造 genetics n遗传学ponent n成分 procedure n程序breed n(动植物的)品种 sample n样本biotechnology n生物科技transplant n& vt.移植reproduce v复制；使再现biodiversity n生物多样性学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2016全国卷阅读C)I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：获得，得到，本词的常用含义为“收获，收割”。写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：insert，意为“植入”。2(2013湖南高考阅读表达)Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial.People learn from her but she also learns from them.She says that the majority of those who e to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also to provide real answers.用本单元单词改写句子：she thinks the project profits_each_other写出加黑词块在此处的汉语意思：大多数来找她的人写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：actual，其副词形式为：actually高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2017浙江高考书面表达)这匹狼可能感觉到了来自人们的威胁，开始撤退。因此，它沿着公路跑掉了，消失在远方。(consequence)The_wolf_might_feel_the_threats_from_the_people,_starting_to_withdraw.As_a_consequence/In_consequence,_it_ran_away_off_the_road_and_disappeared_in_the_distance.2(2013广东高考书面表达)另外，候选人应该愿意与他人保持良好关系。(relation)Moreover,_the_candidates_should_be_willing_to_keep_good_relations_with_others. (二)课堂重点释疑1adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳记牢(1)adopt ones advice (suggestion)/plan/idea采纳某人的建议/计划/想法adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度adopt an orphan 领养孤儿(2)adopted adj. 领养的adoption n. 收养；采纳练通单句语法填空Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals.Parents who have an adopted child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is_adopted.(adopt)完成句子After much consideration, the president decided to adopt_her_suggestion (采纳她的建议)Pupils should be helped to adopt_a_positive_attitude_to (对采取积极的态度) their life.用准adopt与adapt 是容易混淆的形似词，adapt意为“适应”。写美(2018全国卷书面表达)我希望你采纳我的建议，祝你玩得愉快。I_hope_you_would_adopt_my_suggestions_and_have_a_good_time.2consequence n结果；后果记牢(1)as a consequence/result in consequence因此，结果 as a consequence/result of in consequence of 因为的缘故(2)take/accept/face the consequences of 承担的后果(3)consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的 consequently adv. 因此，结果；所以练通单句语法填空As a consequence, they cant concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.完成句子Today, as_a_consequence_of/in_consequence_of (由于) the rapid development of digital technology, the appearance of people and their way of life have been revolutionary changed.The young should learn to take/accept/face_the_consequences_of (承担的后果) their actions.写美(2013福建高考书面表达)结果，孩子们变得如此依赖父母，以至于他们没有独立的思考或创意。As_a_consequence,_children_bee_so_reliant_on_their_parents_that_they_have_no_independent_thoughts_or_creative_ideas.3transform vt.& vi.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造记牢(1)transform (.) into .(把)变成/转化成be transformed from . into/to . 由变成；由迁到(2)transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，变革练通单句语法填空She helps transform literature into braille (盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed (transform) from one form into another.He has made a plete transformation (transform) from a edian into a dramatic actor.写美(2014湖南高考书面表达)当你走路时，一台小型机器将行走所产生的能量转换成电能并储存起来。When_you_walk,_a_small_machine_transforms_the_energy_produced_by_walking_into_electric_energy_and_stores_it.联想“把变成”的其他表达：turn .into .; change .into .等。4conduct vt.指挥乐队；导电；实施，进行；引导n.行为，举止辨清写出下列句中conduct的含义From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct. 行为，举止Knowledge is the candle to conduct you to the bright and true life. 引导In the new century we need to conduct new foreign trade policies to realize highspeed development of our economy. 实施，进行Most metals can conduct electricity. 导电Who will conduct the orchestra tonight？指挥写美(2010湖南高考书面表达)到目前为止，我们已经开展了各种英语学习活动，例如观看英语电影、举办圣诞派对、与外国学生聚会等。So_far_we_have_conducted_a_variety_of_activities_on_English_learning,_such_as_watching_English_films,_holding_Christmas_parties_and_getting_together_with_foreign_students_etc.5majority n多数，大多数记牢(1)a/the majority of .大多数be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数(2)minority n. 少数in the/a minority 占少数(3)major n& v. 专业；主修adj. 主要的major in 主修；以为专业练通单句语法填空A majority of Africans are (be) forced to work for the Europeans.Even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are (be) really friendly and Ive made some good friends.For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority are/is (be) over the age of fifty.单句改错I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college.major后加in完成句子The white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。用准(1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。(2)the majority of 写美(2015浙江高考书面表达)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃自己的看法，而去尊重大多数人的观点。When_I_have_a_different_opinion,_I_may_choose_to_give_it_up_and_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.6confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信 记牢confirm ones belief坚定某人的信念be confirmed by sb. 被某人认可It has been confirmed that . 已确定/证实练通完成句子They worked out an effective method, which was_confirmed_by_the_leadership (被领导认可了)It_has_not_been_confirmed (尚未得到证实) that the agreement is to be signed.The recent airplane crash confirms_my_belief (坚定了我的信念) that stronger safety regulations are needed.写美(2011江苏高考书面表达)这张照片使我确信，成为一个好女儿比“好”学生更重要。The_picture_confirms_me_it_is_even_more_important_to_be_a_good_daughter_than_a_“good”_student.7favour n赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；喜爱；偏爱，偏袒vt.支持，偏袒辨清写出下列句中favour的含义We have to apply the same rules to everyone, showing no favour.偏爱，偏袒Chinese export modities have enjoyed growing favour among buyers abroad.喜爱I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your car？帮助I talked to Susie about travelling abroad, and she was all in favour of going abroad.赞同 记牢(1)in favour of支持，赞同；有利于in sb.s favour 有利于某人(2)do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb. 给某人以恩惠；帮助某人ask sb. a favourask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙(3)favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的；良好的favourite adj.& n. 特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)练通单句语法填空Everyone present at the meeting was in favour of what he put forward.It used to be my favourite (favour) restaurant but the standard of cooking has fallen off recently.He made a favourable (favour) impression on his future colleagues.同义替换Now I wonder whether you could do me a favour.Now I wonder whether_you_could_do_a_favour_for_me.Now I wonder whether_I_could_ask_you_a_favour.写美(2016全国卷书面表达)我写信告诉你一些关于我即将到来的暑假的计划，我也希望你帮我一个忙。I_am_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_my_plan_for_the_ing_summer_vacation_and_I_also_want_you_to_do_me_a_favour.8frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐记牢(1)frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事frighten . away/off 吓走/跑frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死(2)frightening adj. (事物)令人恐惧的，可怕的frightened adj. (人)害怕的，受到惊吓的be frightened at/by 因害怕，被吓坏了be frightened of/that 担心，对害怕be frightened to do 害怕做(3)fright n. 恐惧，害怕练通单句语法填空(2016浙江高考)A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.They frightened the small boy into telling (tell) them the secret.The mothers are frightened of the children going camping, for they may get lost in the mountain.单句改错Seeing so many people injured during the conflict, the girl stood there shaking with a frightening look.frighteningfrightened完成句子The bird came to the window, but I moved suddenly and frightened_it_away/off.那只鸟儿飞到窗前，可我的身子突然一动，把它吓走了。用准过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。写美(2017浙江高考书面表达)Paul迅速打开门，这个被吓坏了的人迅速冲进车里，砰地关上(slam)了他身后的门。Paul_quickly_unlocked_the_door,_and_the_frightened_man_dived_in,_slamming_the_door_behind_him.9profit n利润，收益；好处，益处 vi.获益 vt.对有用/好处辨清写出下列句中profit的词性和含义I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example.vt.对有用/好处On the basis of our sales forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year.n.利润，收益I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. n好处，益处Im sure that all of you will profit from this special experience.vi.获益写美(2017江苏高考书面表达)中国电影票房收入在2015年持续增长，为电影制片商带来了巨大的利润。The_boxoffice_ine_of_Chinese_movies_witnessed_a_constant_increase_in_2015,_which_brought_great_profit_for_film_makers.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1I heard you suffered from anxiety (焦虑) when you took an exam recently.2Dr Yuan also helps many less developed countries to increase their rice harvests (收成)3It is a surprise that the faraway village has been transformed (改造) into a famous tourist city in only ten years.4I respect his judgement (判断力) and Ill follow any advice he gives me.5Scientists have made a breakthrough (突破) in their treatment of the disease.6For children with hearing loss, they cannot pick up language as easily as ordinary (普通的) people.7As far as he is concerned, to increase the farmers ine (收入) is of greater importance than anything else.8For a hit show, profits (利润) can add up to millions of dollars.单句语法填空1I think he did it by accident, not by intention (intend)2His success was a long history; but briefly (brief) speaking, he succeeded after many failures.3Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.4He was a wonderful father to both his natural and adopted (adopt) children.5The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were (be) students.6She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks.7I have been told the Learning Center provides help for students and Im anxious to_get (get) help from you.单句改错1Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed to heat.tointo2The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have adopted by adult scientists.have后加been3Hearing a strange noise, the poor man, trembling and frightening, ran out of the dark cave.frighteningfrightened4Strictly speaking, you shouldnt enter the lab without the permission.去掉第二个the5Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.第二个isare.翻译句子1所有出席会议的人都赞成该计划。(in favour of)All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan.2他恃强凌弱，总是吓得人们按他的意愿做事。(frighten sb.into)He_was_a_bully.He_tried_to_frighten_people_into_doing_what_he_wanted.3我遗憾地告诉你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不解雇你。(in consequence of, dismiss)I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you.4我们每个人都要有梦想，并且要对梦想采取积极乐观的态度。(adopt a positive attitude)Every_one_of_us_should_have_a_dream_and_adopt_a_positive_attitude_to_our_dreams.5能量可以从一种形式转变成另一种形式。(transform)Energy_can_be_transformed_from_one_form_into_another.(一)课前自主学习1on_the_one_hand_._on_the_other_hand_.一方面另一方面2toy_with 戏弄，摆弄；把当作儿戏3push_ahead_with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进4for_sale 供出售，待销售5be/get_burnt_out串记1 耗尽体力，累垮6follow_in_ones_footsteps 效仿某人7take_._into_consideration串记2认真考虑8in_favour_of串记3 赞同，支持9point_of_view 观点10make_sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通11put_._in_place 准备就绪，布置妥当12rather_than 而不是13deal_with 处理，对付14pared_with 与相比较15point_out 指出16in_summary串记4 概括地说17in_agreement_with 同意；与一致18turn_out 结果是，证明是；生产同根短语串记串记1.“累垮”表达种种be/get burnt out be/get worn outbe/get tired out be/get exhausted串记2.“考虑”短语知多少take . into consideration 认真考虑take . into account 考虑take account of 考虑think over 仔细考虑串记3.“inn.of”短语荟萃in favour of 支持，赞同in memory of 为了纪念in honour of 为了纪念in view of 鉴于；由于in terms of 就而言in case of 以防；万一in need of 需要in place of 代替；取代in search of 寻找，寻求串记4.学会“总结”好处多in summary in shortin brief in conclusionin a/one word to sum up1medical treatment 医疗2moral ideas 道德观念3die of heart failure 死于心脏衰竭4one of the more forwardlooking technologies 较有远见的技术之一5the scientific advances 科学进步6in the field of science 在科学界7e back from work 下班回来8further information 进一步的信息1The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。2The boy was more frightened than hurt.这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。3Nowhere is this truer_than with genetically modified (GM) food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块和句式1(2018浙江高考阅读B)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit _ (讲得通) when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.根据汉语意思填入本单元短语：makes_sense可用本单元短语take_.into_consideration升级加黑词汇，意为“考虑；把考虑在内”，其同义短语为take_.into_account。2(2018江苏高考阅读B)When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather_than_a_white_one (而不是白色的), customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.(完成句子)高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1(2013湖南高考书面表达)一方面，我们认为友谊第一，比赛第二；另一方面，既然我们都尽力了，我们就没有遗憾。(on the one hand .on the other hand)On_the_one_hand,_we_think_that_friendship_es_first,_and_a_match_es_second.On_the_other_hand,_since_we_all_tried_our_best,_we_had_no_regret.2(2018浙江高考书面表达)这是我第一次尝试骑马。(动词不定式作后置定语)This_is_my_first_attempt_to_ride_a_horse.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1on the one hand . on the other hand . 一方面另一方面辨清 on (the) one hand . on the other (hand) .意为“一方面另一方面”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等for one thing . for another (thing).意为“首先，再者”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致 练通完成句子On_the_one_hand,_we should develop our economy; on_the_other_hand,_we should protect the environment.一方面我们应该发展经济；另一方面我们应该保护环境。Im not going to buy it; for_one_thing I dont like the color, and for_another its far too expensive.我不会买它，首先我不喜欢这颜色，再者也太贵了。用准on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外，on the other hand可以单独使用。写美(2013山东高考书面表达)一方面，我可以挣钱来减轻家庭的负担。另一方面，我可以积累社会经验，这对我将来的生活也有好处。On_the_one_hand,_I_can_earn_some_money_to_reduce_the_burden_of_my_family.On_the_other_hand,_I_can_accumulate_some_social_experience,_which_does_good_to_my_future_life.2follow in ones footsteps 效仿某人记牢(1)follow in the footsteps of . 效仿follow ones example 以某人为榜样follow ones advice/directions 听从/遵循某人的建议/指示(2)as follows 如下，如下所述练通单句语法填空You cant follow in another persons (person) footsteps, and no one else will be able to follow in yours.The settings of each activity are as follows in this table.完成句子We mustnt blindly follow_in_the_footsteps_of foreign practice.我们不能亦步亦趋盲目地照外国办法行事。We must all follow_his_example and serve the people with all our hearts.我们都应以他为榜样，全心全意为人民服务。The good points of the novel may be summarized as_follows.这部小说的优点概括起来有以下几个方面。写美(2016四川高考书面表达)夏天是一年中我最喜欢的季节。 原因如下。Summer_is_my_favorite_season_of_the_year.The_reasons_are_as_follows.3take . into consideration认真考虑记牢(1)show consideration for对表示关心under consideration 在讨论/考虑中out of consideration for 出于对的考虑/体谅(2)consider vt. 考虑；认为considerate adj. 考虑周到的，体贴的considerable adj. 大量的considering prep. 考虑到；就而言；鉴于练通单句语法填空Everything taken (take) into consideration, his work is well done.Its said that the plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education.If you can help other people with pleasure and show your consideration for them, everybody will like to be with you.完成句子Your teacher will take_your_recent_illness_into_consideration (考虑你最近生病的情况) when judging your examination results.You should turn your music down out_of_consideration_for_your_neighbours (出于对你的邻居们的体谅)写美(2012安徽高考书面表达)考虑了所有因素之后，我决定将理科作为我的主要学科。After_taking_everything_into_consideration,_I_decided_on_science_as_my_main_subject_of_study.句式集释1动词不定式作后置定语教材原句The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.悟拓展例句(1)He is always the first to_bear hardships and the last to_enjoy forts.他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人。(2)Its said that she has the ability to_do the challenging work well.据说她有能力做好这一项具有挑战性的工作。(3)He had no money and no place to_live_in.他没有钱也没有地方住。析用法规则用法归纳(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the only, the last, the right时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作后置定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, opportunity, ambition, attempt, offer, way以及time, place等。背写作佳句(1)(2015北京高考写作佳句)It offers teenagers, like you and me, a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.(要点句)(2)(2014福建高考写作佳句)In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overe problems all by myself.(要点句)2more .t
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