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Unit 2 Growing pains(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1act n (戏剧的)一幕2curtain n. 窗帘；(舞台上的)幕布3soccer n. 美英式足球，足球4garbage n纵联1 美(生活)垃圾5fault n. 过错，错误6anyhow adv. 反正；尽管如此7sigh vi. 叹气8cafe n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆9distant adj. 不友好的，冷淡的，疏远的；遥远的10adolescence n. 青春期11guidance n. 指导，引导.重点单词写其形1bend vi. 弯腰，屈身vt. (使)弯曲2balance vt.& vi.& n. 平衡；抵消3scene n. (戏剧的)一场；场面；景色 4upset adj. 不高兴的，失望的vt. 使不高兴，使失望5deserve vt.纵联2 值得；应得；应受6emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况7last vi. 持久vt. 持续，维持(一段时间)8handle vt. 处理；应付9insist vi. 坚持，坚持认为10teenager n纵联3 (1319岁的)青少年11patience n. 耐心12selfish adj.纵联4 自私的13forbid vt. 禁止14misunderstand vt. 误解15normal n& adj. 正常(的)，一般(的)16physical adj. 身体的；物质的17tend vi. 往往；趋向vt. 照看18challenge n& vt. 挑战.拓展单词通其变1frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的frightening adj.令人恐惧的，令人害怕的frighten vt.使惊吓，使害怕2starve vi.挨饿；饿死vt.使挨饿starvation n饿死starving adj.挨饿的3tolerate vt.容忍；允许tolerance n容忍；允许tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的4behavior n行为，举止behave v表现；检点5defend vt.辩解，辩白；防御，保护defence/defense n防御；答辩；防护defensive adj.防卫的，防御的；辩护的6argument n争吵，辩论；论点，论据argue vt.争吵，争论；论证，争辩7harm vt.& n伤害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.无害的8confused adj.困惑的，不解的confusing adj.令人困惑的confuse vt.使困惑，把弄糊涂；混淆confusion n困惑，糊涂；混淆9limit n限制；极限；界限vt.限制limited adj.有限的10. rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的rudely adv.粗鲁地，无礼地rudeness n粗鲁11explanation n解释，说明explain vt.& vi.讲解，解释纵联1.晒晒“垃圾”朋友圈垃圾：garbage, rubbish, trash, litter垃圾桶：trash can, garbage can, garbage bin垃圾箱：dustbin倒垃圾：litter, take out the trash, throw the rubbish away纵联2.“词中词”法帮你记antdistant遥远的 starstarve挨饿havebehave表现 armharm伤害plainexplain解释 servedeserve值得endtend趋向纵联3.“青少年”集中营teenager青少年 youth青少年，青年adolescent青少年 the young年轻人youngster少年 junior年少者；晚辈纵联4.“n.ish”集合selfish自私的 foolish傻的，愚蠢的childish孩子气的 bookish喜欢书的girlish少女的 boyish男孩似的单元话题成长的烦恼子话题1悲伤与低落sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛blue adj. 悲伤的；沮丧的down adj. 心情低落的depressed adj. 压抑的，情绪低落的子话题2忧虑与烦恼anxiety n. 担忧，焦虑bored adj. 厌倦的，烦闷的子话题3害怕与恐惧scare vt. 使害怕，使恐惧alarmed adj. 担心的，害怕的terrified adj. 感到害怕的frighten sb.into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事子话题4遗憾与惭愧shame n. 遗憾的事；羞愧disappointment n. 失望；沮丧ashamed adj. 惭愧的；害臊的子话题5抱怨与冲突barrier n. 屏障，障碍friction n. 摩擦prejudice n. 偏见，成见tension n. 紧张局势plain vt.& vi. 抱怨embarrass vt. 使尴尬condemn vt. 谴责，指责；宣判学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2018浙江高考阅读B)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag .The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.make sense在此处意为：有意义，讲得通，后不跟宾语； make sense of表示“弄懂，理解”，后接宾语。选择加黑词在句中的意思：_C_A保卫 B防守C辩护写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：forbid，它的同义词还有ban,_prevent等。2(2012北京高考阅读D)This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason.What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.翻译加黑词块：不仅是情感的自由表达，也是理性的指引写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：defence/defense写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：值得，应得， deserve doing deserve to be done，动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)这部英文短片一起成长将持续一个半小时，很值得一看。(last, deserve)The short English film whose name is Growing Together will last for an hour and a half and it deserves well seeing.2(2018浙江高考书面表达)我坚持练习英语口语，平时我经常用英语在网上和外国人聊天。(tend, chat)I_keep_on_practising_my_spoken_English_and_I_tend_to_chat_with_foreigners_in_English_on_the_Internet. (二)课堂重点释疑1tolerate vt.容忍；允许记牢(1)容忍/忍受(某人)做某事(2)tolerance n. 容忍；允许tolerable adj. 可忍受的tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的be tolerant of/towards 对宽容(3)put up with (tolerate) 忍受，容忍 练通单句语法填空/完成句子An excellent teacher wont tolerate/stand/bear cheating (cheat) in the examinations.The pain was severe but its tolerable (tolerate)Tolerance (tolerate) consists in respecting the opinions of others. As a good leader, she was always tolerant of/towards different views.She wont tolerate/bear/stand_her_son_making_the_same_mistakes in the physics test next time.她不会容忍她儿子下次在物理考试中犯同样的错误。写美(2018全国卷书面表达)中国的父母不容许他们的孩子在就餐时用筷子敲碗。Chinese_parents_wont_tolerate_their_children_knocking_bowls_with_chopsticks_when_having_dinner.2scene n(戏剧的)一场；现场；场面；景色辨清写出下列句中scene的含义The doctor was on the scene very quickly after the accident.现场Seeing the terrible scene, all of us were frightened.场面The photos taken by Hurley showed some undersea scenes.景色They played it so well, with tears in their eyes, that the scene seemed real._(戏剧的)一场记牢on the scene在现场behind the scenes 在后台，在幕后；暗中e on the scene 登场练通完成小语境The director, who had been behind_the_scenes,_announced on_the_scene at the awards party that the best actress of the film was about to e_on_the_scene.一直在幕后指挥的导演在颁奖晚会现场宣布，这部影片的最佳女主角即将登场。用准scene作“场面；场景；现场”讲，后接定语从句，且关系词在从句中作状语时，一般用副词where或in which来引导。写美(2017北京高考书面表达)泰山之旅将会带给你一些最令人兴奋的场景，比如看日出。The_Mount_Tai_Tour_will_bring_you_some_of_the_most_exciting_scenes_such_as_watching_the_sunrise.3upset (upset，upset) adj.不高兴的，失望的vt.使不高兴，使失望；打翻辨清写出下列句中upset的词性和含义Both upset and annoyed, I decided to walk on feet.adj.不高兴的，失望的，心烦的The new ers rudeness upsets everyone at present.vt.使心烦意乱，使不高兴，使失望He stood up suddenly, upsetting a cup of coffee on my shirt.vt.弄翻，打翻记牢(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心/难过be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过(2)It upsets sb.to do sth./that . 让某人心烦的是练通单句语法填空She was upset to_know (know) that her application for the position was refused.In my opinion, there is no point being upset about/at/over it.It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about the change of the meeting.写美(2016天津高考书面表达)虽然和你说再见我很难过，但我真诚地希望你能在不久的将来再次访问我们的学校。Though_I_feel_upset_to_say_goodbye_to_you,_I_sincerely_hope_that_you_will_be_able_to_visit_our_school_again_in_the_near_future.4defend vt.辩解，辩白；防御，保护记牢(1)defend . from/against .保护使不受， 为辩护defend oneself 自卫(2)defence/defense n. 防御；防护；答辩in defence (of .) (为)辩护；防卫in sb.s/sth.s defence 为某人/某事辩护；在某人/某物的防备下练通单句语法填空When the dog attacked me, I defended myself (I) with a stick.My tutor told me the defence (defend) for my article must be handed in in seven days.单句改错All the people were fighting against the earthquake in defence for their own homes.forofThe prisoner looked at his wife and sat silent, offering nothing to his own defence.toin写美一句多译(2015江苏高考书面表达)应该训练孩子保护自己免遭某些交通事故的侵害。Children_should_be_trained_to_defend_themselves_against_some_traffic_accidents.(defend)Children_should_be_trained_in_defence_of_some_traffic_accidents.(defence)5deserve vt.值得；应得；应受记牢deserve to do sth.应该做某事；值得做某事deserve doing/to be done (某事)值得被做，应该被做deserve consideration/attention值得考虑/注意练通完成句子You are a good human being and you_deserve_to_be_treated/treating as such.你是一个好人，你应该受到这样的对待。Its true that she made a mistake but she_doesnt_deserve_to_lose_her_job.她的确犯了错，但她不应该失去工作。With many wild animals gradually dying out, the_present_situation_deserves_attention/paying_attention_to.由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得注意。用准“deserve doing”结构是主动形式表示被动含义，它相当于deserve to be done。与deserve用法类似的词还有：need, want, require, demand (需要)。写美(2017北京高考书面表达)我认为任何好的建议都值得考虑。I_think_any_good_suggestion_deserves_consideration/considering/to_be_considered.6insist vi.坚持，坚持认为；坚决要求记牢insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事insist that练通完成句子The only wonder is that so many states insist_on_closing their ears to the message.唯一奇怪的是，如此多的国家坚持对这一消息置若罔闻。He insisted that he_hadnt_stolen the money.他坚持说他没有偷那笔钱。He also insisted that they_(should)_leave enough space for children.他还坚决要求他们应该为孩子们留有足够的空间。写美(2017天津高考书面表达)老师坚持主张要充分利用每一分钟来做好这项工作。The_teacher_insisted_that_every_minute_(should)_be_made_full_use_of_to_do_the_work_well.联想后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气的常见动词有：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order, mand)，三建议(advise, suggest, propose)，四要求(demand, require, request, ask)。7harm vt.& n伤害记牢(1)对有害there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处(2)harmful adj. 有害的harmless adj. 无害的练通单句语法填空Unrealistic topdown environmental policies can only do harm to the environment.Foods are properly cooked when they are heated to kill the harmful (harm) bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses.Theres no great harm in drinking a little beer to relieve tiredness after hard work. You neednt worry and this experiment was harmless (harm) to the animals. 句型转换 Jenny seems anxious and doesnt want to harm her mother.Jenny seems anxious and doesnt want to do her mother harm.Jenny seems anxious and doesnt want to do harm to her mother.Jenny seems anxious and doesnt want to be harmful to her mother.写美(2013安徽高考书面表达)这些日子，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。These_days,_breaking_traffic_rules_and_littering_are_not_unmon,_causing/doing_serious_harm_to_life_and_the_environment.8forbid vt.(forbade/forbad, forbidden)禁止，不准记牢forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb.to do sth.forbid sb.from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事练通单句语法填空If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks will_be_forbidden (forbid) to broadcast live sporting events.I think the middle school students should be forbidden to_use (use) smartphones at school.I think it necessary to forbid shops and supermarkets from offering free plastic shopping bags.It is high time that we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas.句型转换For his study, his father forbade him/his chatting with WeChat.For his study, his father forbade him to chat/from chatting with WeChat.用准forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise等。写美(2018全国卷书面表达)看短片期间，所有人都禁止大声说话，应仔细观看。During_the_film,_all_of_you_are_forbidden_to_talk_loudly，but_should_watch_it_carefully.9tend vi.往往；趋向 vt.照看记牢(1)tend to do sth.易于/往往会做某事tend sb./sth. 照看某人/某物(2)tendency n. 倾向，趋势have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向练通单句语法填空If you are not careful, children tend to_neglect (neglect) their homework.(2017浙江高考)Last October, while tending (tend) her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away.The prices of vegetables are reported to have a tendency (tend) to increase in some cities.写美一句多译(2017全国卷书面表达)如果你不提前简单了解唐朝的历史，你往往会发现很难学会唐诗。If_you_do_not_understand_the_history_of_the_Tang_Dynasty_in_advance,_you_will_tend_to_find_it_difficult_to_learn_Tang_poetry.(tend)If_you_do_not_understand_the_history_of_the_Tang_Dynasty_in_advance,_you_will_have_a_tendency_to_find_it_difficult_to_learn_Tang_poetry.(tendency)10limit nC限制；极限；界限vt.限制记牢(1)limit . to .把限制在内be limited to . 受限制于(2)beyond the limit 超过限度set a limit to 限制(3)limited adj. 有限的limitless adj. 无限制的练通介词填空To save the expense, the number of daily guests is limited to less than 100.We must set a limit to the expense of the trip.In order to earn my living, I have always had to work beyond the limit of my strength.完成小语境A mans life is limited,_but there is no limit to serving the people.I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people.一个人的生命是有限的，但是，为人民服务是无限的。我要把有限的生命，投入到无限的为人民服务中去。写美(2015全国卷书面表达)文章的长度应限制在四百词左右。The_length_of_the_article_should_be_limited_to_400_words_or_so.11balance vt.& vi.& n平衡；抵消记牢(1)keep/lose/break ones balance 保持/失去/打破平衡(2)balance . against . 权衡与(3)balanced adj. 保持平衡的keep a balanced diet 保持饮食均衡练通单句语法填空The little girl struggled to keep her balance on the balance beam.Youd better keep a balanced (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.写美(2018全国卷书面表达)做运动能够平衡我们的身体，改善身体的灵活性。Doing_exercise_can_balance_our_body_and_improve_our_physical_flexibility.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1With each passing year, the cost of getting a degree is on the rise.As a result, many students tend (趋向) to graduate from college with a significant amount of debt.2If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior (行为) and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and plex munity.3The little Tom should get a chance at a normal (正常的), happy future and he is struggling to make that happen.4Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers (青少年), some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.5What he may be saying is that he doesnt think you deserve (应得) your luck.6As early as Spring and Autumn Period, each principality in China constructed its own “great wall” in various places to defend (保卫) itself from enemies.7Many people have e to realize that they should go on a balanced (平衡的) diet and make room in their day for exercise.8This attractive tour takes you to some of San Franciss most cheerful holiday scenes (景色)9The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with a(n) emergency (紧急情况) is to stay calm.单句语法填空1If you insist on doing something, do it every day and you can make it.2I think the explanation (explain) about the problem isnt convincing, so it needs improving.3Teenagers go to sleep late because they tend to_do (do) things that excite them.4The boy couldnt tolerate other peoples making (make) noise in the room, so he went out.5When the door was opened suddenly, the boy covered his head with his hands, as if in defence.6What is known to us is that drinking too much does harm to your health.7A scene where she meets Joes girlfriend might be the funniest thing you see all year.8You make it very difficult for me to speak to you if you choose to misunderstand (understand) me.9It was so small and narrow that we had to be careful to keep our balance.单句改错1We are living in the time of garbages, but German artist HA Schult is an unusual artist who uses trash (废物) to make sculptures.garbagesgarbage2We should take measures to forbid to return illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.to_returnreturning3His childrens books are classics that deserve know by more people.knowknowing4Its harmful for your health to drink too much.forto5My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continued my education.continuedcontinue6I believe teaching should not be limited on the classroom.onto.句型转换1Its forbidden for us to play football in the street.We are forbidden to play football in the street.We are forbidden from playing football in the street.2I insist on your taking action immediately.I insist that you should take action immediately.3She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.It upset her that he had left without saying goodbye.4Eating too much fat and salt does harm to health.Eating too much fat and salt is harmful to health.(一)课前自主学习1be_supposed_to应该，应当2be_hard_on 对苛刻，对严厉3now_that 既然；由于4stay_up串记1 不睡觉，熬夜5mix_up串记1 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和6as_if串记2 好像，似乎7cant_wait_to_do_something 迫不及待地做某事 8insist_on串记3 坚持，坚持认为9at_present 现在 10along_with 与一起11turn_up串记1 调高(音量)；出现12go_through 经历；仔细检查或寻找13keep_up_with 赶上，跟上14depend_on 依赖，依靠15take_in 吸收；欺骗同根短语串记串记1.up短语全接触turn up调高(音量)；出现 stay up不睡觉，熬夜pick up捡起；学会 bring up抚养；教养dress up穿上盛装；打扮 clear up澄清；放晴make up虚构；弥补；组成；化妆；整理mix up混淆；搅匀串记2.as短语一扫光as if/though好像 as to/for关于，至于as usual照例，照常 as follows如下as a result结果 as a rule通常as a whole总的来说 as a matter of fact事实上串记3.“v.on”短语大集合depend on依赖，依靠 insist on坚持keep on继续 carry on继续；进行turn/switch on打开 count on依靠1a day earlier than expected 比预期的时间提前一天2in a mess 一团糟3make good decisions 做出好的决定4feel this way 有同感5a mon part of adolescence 青春期的正常组成部分6psychological changes 心理上的变化7in this regard 在这方面8fit in society 适应社会1The room is in a mess, with_pizza_boxes_on_the_floor_and_dirty_dishes_in_the_sink.房间一片狼藉，地上是比萨饼盒子，水槽里是脏兮兮的盘子。2Listen to me, young man we left_you_in_charge!听我说，年轻人我们将这个家委托给你负责！3Daniel has_his_arms_crossed and looks upset.丹尼尔双臂交叉抱在胸前，看上去很不高兴。4Sometimes he acts as_if_he_doesnt_love_us_at_all.有时他表现得好像他根本就不爱我们。5Also, _every_time I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.还有，每次我看DVD，他要么催着我上床睡觉，要么就是教导我要多花些时间学习。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块和句式1(2010辽宁高考阅读A)The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well (但是看上去好像庄稼长得不怎么好)More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.(把黑体部分译成汉语)2(2010全国卷完形)The nurse had him take (take) a seat in the waiting area, telling him it would be at least 40 minutes before someone would be able to see him.I saw him looking (look) at his watch and decided, since I was not busy my patient didnt turn up at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound.While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctors appointment.(根据提示完成小片段)高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)首先，根据我们的传统，每次你去拜访一个家庭，你都应该带一些礼物，比如一篮水果或一盒巧克力。(every time, be supposed to)To_begin_with,_according_to_our_tradition,_every_time_you_visit_a_family,_you_are_supposed_to_bring_some_gifts,_such_as_a_basket_of_fruit_or_a_box_of_chocolates.2(2018北京高考书面表达)最后，我们手里拿着茶杯或茶叶拍了一张合影，来记录这一难忘的经历。(with复合结构)In_the_end,_we_took_a_group_photo,_with_cups_or_tea_in_our_hands,_to_record_this_unforgettable_experience. (二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1be supposed to应该，应当记牢(1)be supposed to do .应该做某事be supposed to have done should have doneought to have done 本应该做某事(实际未做)be supposed to be . 被认为是(2)suppose/supposing (that) 假定/假如练通单句语法填空Students are_supposed (suppose) to obey the rules at school. You are late again.You are supposed to_have_arrived (arrive) here five minutes earlier.一句多译你本应该昨天就把作业交上的。You were_supposed_to_have_handed_in your homework yesterday.(be supposed to)You should_have_handed_in your homework yesterday.(should)You ought_to_have_handed_in your homework yesterday.(ought to)写美(2013天津高考书面表达)我多次参加过类似的活动。因此，我应该能胜任这个职位。I_have_participated_in_similar_activities_several_times.Consequently,_I_am_supposed_to_be_qualified_for_the_position.2along with与一起；除了以外(还)记牢(1)along with, together with, with, as well as 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与它前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(2)and连接两个主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。练通单句语法填空Along with studying at school, students should participate in more outofschool activities.Professor Smith, as well as his assistants, is (be) working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, is_regarded (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.写美(2017全国卷书面表达)李白与其他著名诗人一起，在唐代创作了许多杰出的作品。Li_Bai,_along_with_other_famous_poets,_created_lots_of_extraordinary_works_in_Tang_Dynasty.句式集释1have sth. done结构教材原句Daniel has_his_arms_crossed and looks upset.悟拓展例句(1)I dont like to wash clothes, so I always have_my_clothes_washed.我不喜欢洗衣服，所以我总是让别人给我洗衣服。(2)Once he makes up his mind, nothing can have_him_change/get_him_to_change_it.一旦他下定决心，就没有
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