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第四讲状语从句一、明备考方向语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别；2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句；3.before和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型；4.till和until的用法；5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法；6.结果状语从句中“so .that”与“such .that”的区别；7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法；8.“疑问词ever”和“no matter疑问词”引导从句的用法；9.where引导的状语从句；10.与祈使句、定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。1.if与although/though的误用；2.unless与until的误用；3.when与until的误用；4.when与since的误用；5.although/though与because的误用；6.although/though与but的误用；7.after与while/when的误用；8.since与though/although的误用；9.after与since的误用；10.when与where的误用。1.表示“一就”的句式(1)the moment/the minute/the instant .，主句(2)no sooner . than ./hardly .when .(3)as soon as .主句2.not . until .“直到才”3.It will be/was一段时间before .“过(时间)才”4.It is/has been一段时间since从句“自从以来多长时间了”5.every time/each time .“每次”6.so .that ./such .that .“如此以至于”二、攻重点难点(一)引导时间状语从句的从属连词及重点句式1引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as, no sooner .than, hardly/scarcely .when, immediately, instantly, the moment, every/each time等。2在掌握时间状语从句时，要注意以下几个重点句式：(1)not .until .“直到才”(2)Itwill be/was一段时间before . “过(时间)才”(3)Itis/has been一段时间since . “自从以来多长时间了”(4)Itwasnot long before .“不久就”(5)No soonerhad主语过去分词 .than .(正常语序：主语had no sooner过去分词than .) “一就”(6)Hardly/Scarcelyhad主语过去分词 .when . (正常语序：主语had hardly/scarcely过去分词when .)“一就”When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。It was some time before I realized the truth.过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。(二)引导条件状语从句的从属连词的用法引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(除非), as long as/so long as(只要), in case(以防，万一), only if(要是就好了), on condition that, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that)等。1if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(if .not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。If we go on polluting the environment, the earth wont be fit for us to live in.如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard(if you dont study hard)除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。2in case, on condition that, providing (that), provided (that), supposing (that), suppose (that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在条件下”。In case there is a fire, what will we do first?万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。3as long as(so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，就会成功。(三)引导原因状语从句的从属连词的用法引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since(既然，因为)，now (that)(既然), seeing (that), in that等。1because语气最强，表示必然的因果关系，用来回答why的提问；2since语气稍弱，表示对方已知的原因或事实，意为“既然；因为；由于”，相当于now (that)；3as语气最弱，往往不是明显的原因，只是对结果的附带说明。I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.因为我病了，所以我缺席了这次会议。As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。Now (that)/Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都在这里，我们开始开会吧。(四)引导让步状语从句的从属连词的用法引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although, though, as, even if/though(尽管，即使), while(然而), whether . or (not), however, whatever, whoever, no matter how/what/who等。1although/though(尽管，虽然), even if/though(即使)引导的让步状语从句although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。even if与even though表示“尽管，即使”时，有退一步设想的意味。二者引导让步状语从句时，可用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.虽然正下着大雨，但他们还是继续踢足球。Even if/though it is raining, well go there.(陈述语气)即使下雨，我们也要去那里。Even if/though I were busy, I would go.(虚拟语气)即使忙，我也要去。2as或though引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况as或though引导的从句放在主句之前时，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.尽管他是个孩子，但他能说出所有车的名字。Much as/though I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。3whether .or ./whether .or not(不管还是)；疑问词ever与no matter疑问词(不管；无论)。I have decided to take the job offer, whether it is good or bad.不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。Whatever (No matter what) you say, he wont believe you.(让步状语从句)无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。点津：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever既可以引导状语从句，还可以引导名词性从句。但“no matter疑问词”不能引导名词性从句。You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句)你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。4while也可作从属连词引导让步状语从句，相当于although。While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, Ive missed you a lot.(2017天津高考书面表达)尽管你教我们英语才一年多，我真得很想念您。(五)引导地点状语从句及其他状语从句的从属连词的用法引导地点状语从句的连词有：where, wherever等；引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in case/for fear (that), in order that等；引导结果状语从句的连词有：so . that，such . that, so that等；引导方式状语从句的连词有： as, as if, as though等；引导比较状语从句的连词有：as . as, the same as, more than ., no more than, such . as .等。We should go where the country needs us most.我们应到国家最需要我们的地方去。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He acted as if nothing had happened.他表现得好像什么也没发生。三、练高频题点.语法填空题点全练1(2018天津高考改编)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.2(2018北京高考改编)If we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.3(2017北京高考改编)If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until/till you figure it out.4(2016北京高考改编)I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.5(2016天津高考改编) As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.6(2016浙江高考改编)Although/Though/While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.7(2015北京高考改编)You wont find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.8(2015浙江高考改编)Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.9(2015安徽高考改编)Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.10(2015江苏高考改编)It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.短文改错题点全练1I had hardly got to the office than my wife phoned me to go back home at once.thanwhen2When asking for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.askingasked3Hot although the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.althoughas/though4A number of high buildings have arisen when there was nothing a year ago but ruins.whenwhere5Leave your key with your neighbor in case of you lock yourself out one day. 去掉of6The police officers in our city work hard in order the rest of us can live a safe life. order后加that7One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away while my daughter heard cries for help.whilewhen8(2018沈阳质检)I believe the vacation must be fascinating before I finish the exam.beforeafter9As is reported, it is 100 years after Qinghua University was founded.aftersince10Since all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.SinceWhile课堂应用体验 .完成句子并改写1无论你是谁，都要遵守规则。Whoever_you_are,_you must obey the rules. (whoever)No_matter_who_you_are,_you must obey the rules. (用no matter疑问词改写)2迈克是一个诚实的工人，我们都信任他。Mike is an_honest_worker,_and we all believe in him.Mike is such_an_honest_worker_that we all believe in him.(用such .that改写)Mike is so_honest_a_worker_that we all believe in him.(用so .that改写)3为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。In_order_to_see_the_sunrise,_we started for the peak early.In_order_that_we_might_see_the_sunrise,_we started for the peak early.(改写成目的状语从句)4直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。It was_not_until_you_told_me_that I had any idea of it.Not_until_you_told_me_did_I_have any idea of it.(改为倒装句) 5我们一到车站，火车就离开了。We had_no_sooner_arrived_at_the_station than the train left.No_sooner_had_we_arrived_at_the_station than the train left. (改为倒装句).语法填空(2018太原市模拟)I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate _1_ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.I said hello _2_ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？” So I did.He was quite _3_ (surprise), but accepted and thanked me.He said that people didnt usually do things like this for _4_ (strange) at least that was what I understood, because he was speaking a really _5_ (usual) dialect, and the train was loud.Then he opened one of his bags and gave me _6_ handful of freshly picked cherries, _7_ (explain) that he had just taken them from his orchard.The cherries were really lovely, better than those in the shops, and I enjoyed them very much.It had been just an impulse (冲动) to offer him a piece of chocolate, but if I _8_ (do) so, I would never have tasted those lovely cherries, _9_ I didnt even know he had at the time.Life is about giving and taking, and its _10_ (general) true that if you give, you will receive.语篇解读：本文讲述了作者在火车上的一次生活经历，以此来启迪读者：给予和索取是相互的，给予才会有回报。1when考查固定用法。hardly .when .意为“一就”，为固定用法，故用连词when引导时间状语从句。2to考查介词。say hello to sb.意为“向某人问好”，故填介词to。3surprised考查形容词。此处是过去分词作形容词，在句子中作表语，修饰人。4strangers考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“陌生人”，应用名词形式stranger，又因stranger是可数名词，前面没有限定词，故用复数形式。5unusual考查形容词。根据“at least that was what I understood”可推知，老人说的方言很不同寻常。6a考查冠词。固定搭配a handful of意为“一把”，故填不定冠词a。7explaining考查非谓语动词。explain和主句谓语动词之间没有连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，且和句子主语he之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式explaining。8had not done考查动词时态。根据“I would never have tasted those lovely cherries”可知，空处表示对过去情况的假设，故用过去完成时；此处表示“如果我没有那样做，我将永远不会品尝到这些好吃的樱桃”，应用否定形式。9which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作had的宾语。定语从句的先行词为cherries。10generally考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词形式，故填generally。.短文改错(2018成都市第一次诊断)During my second month of nursing school, our professors gave us a quiz.I had smoothly finished the others questions when I got stuck on the last one: “Whats the first name of the woman who clean the school？” I had seen, many times, the woman, tall and in her fifty, but how could I know her name? I handed in my paper, leave the last question blankly.After a class ended, one student asked for the answer for the question.The professor said, “As you know, that in your careers you will meet many people.You should respect them and care about them, even you just smile and say hello to them.”答案：第一句：professorsprofessor第二句：othersother; cleancleans第三句：fiftyfifties第四句：leaveleaving; blanklyblank第五句：athe; 第二个forto第六句：去掉that第七句：even后加if/though
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