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合肥市2019年高三第二次教学质量检测英语试题(考试时间:120分钟满分:150分)试卷采用闭卷、笔试形式。试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。试卷满分150分。考试时间120分钟。考试结束后将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项:1. 答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座位号、准考证号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3. 回答非选择题时，必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，写在本试卷上无效。如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.How long has the woman been kept in the house?A. Two days.B. Three days.C. Five days.【答案】B【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。2.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A live concert.B. A right choice.C. A business report.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。3.What does the woman suggest?A. Writing more essays.B. Experiencing Chinese culture.C. Borrowing some Chinese books.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。4.What does the woman mean?A. She asks the man to buy a new bike.B. She cant afford to help the man.C. She doesnt believe the man.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。5.Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a hotel.B. In a ballroom.C. In a meeting room.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6. What does Jessica plan to do at first?A. Have a picnic.B. Take a family trip.C. Take her kids to a park.7. Why may Jessicas plan be ruined?A. Her husband has to work during the holiday.B. She has to go on business with her boss.C. Her kids are going to see their tutors.【答案】6. B 7. A【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【6题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【7题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8. What time is it now?A. 10:15.B. 10:30.C. 10:45.9. What is the woman?A. A booking clerk.B. A tour guide.C. A travel agent.【答案】8. B 9. A【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【8题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【9题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10. Why does the woman like this soap opera?A. It has a good story.B. Its actor is brilliant.C. It owns an impressive cast.11. What kind of programme does the man want to watch now?A. Talent show.B. Soap opera.C. Sports.12. What will the woman probably do next?A. Have dinner.B. Switch channels.C. Fix the remote control.【答案】10. B 11. C 12. B【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【10题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【11题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【12题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13. What does Lucas want to be after graduation?A. A manager.B. A doctor.C. A lawyer.14. What does Mary think is the most important for success?A. Planning in advance.B. Having a keen interest.C. Setting practical goals.15. How did Mary respond to her fathers wish?A. By listening to her father.B. By following her own heart.C. By arguing with her father.16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. School friends.B. Father and daughter.C. Teacher and student.【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. A【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【13题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【14题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【15题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【16题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17. How many languages are likely to disappear?A. About 400.B. Over 3000.C. Almost 2000.18. What does Wikitongues do to help save a language?A. Run language projects.B. Produce language tools.C. Collect language videos.19. What may affect parts of a munitys culture?A. The disappearance of its language.B. The members from other cultures.C. The mix of different languages.20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A. A website to promote language and culture.B. A video program to teach languages.C. An organization to protect languages【答案】17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【17题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【18题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【19题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【20题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AYou might have heard a lot about ancient towns and ancient cities in China. Here, we list several of the most beautiful ancient villages in China.Baoshan Stone City, Yunnan ProvinceBaoshan Stone City was built on a huge mushroom-shaped rock, and only has about one hundred houses. The houses are laid out in an orderly way, built on the rock, and linked by stone steps. The Naxi people there still lead an original life and grow crops in terraces (梯田); you can experience the colorful culture of the Naxi ethnic (民族的) group there.Tuvas Village in Kanas, XinjiangKanas Tuvas Village is near the mysterious Lake Kanas. The small village is located in a valley, and only has about 80 houses. These Swiss-style wooden houses are all surrounded by wooden fences. Tuvas is an ancient minority group. They traditionally lived as hunter-gathers. You can visit a local family, go herding (放牧) with the locals and experience the peaceful ancient village life.Jiaju Tibetan Village, Danba, Sichuan ProvinceJiaju Tibetan Village is known as the “Tibetan fairyland”. It stands on a mountain slope, and consists of about 140 houses. These unique houses are all built with crown-shaped roofs, red eaves, and white walls, which make the houses look like little castles among the forest.Xijiang Miao Village, Guizhou ProvinceIf you re interested in the Miao Minority, Xijiang Miao Village can be a great destination for deepening your understanding of Miao history and culture. Its the largest Miao village in China, and now has 1432 households with a population of over 5000, of which 99.5% are Miao ethnic group. It s also famous for the houses built on stilts (支柱) of different heights.21. What can you do in Kanas Tuvas Village?A. Hike in terraces.B. See houses of a foreign style.C. Go hunting with the locals.D. Learn about houses built on stilts.22. Where can you admire the houses like castles?A. In Baoshan Stone City.B. In Kanas Tuvas Village.C. In Jiaju Tibetan Village.D. In Xijiang Miao Village.23. What can we infer about the villages mentioned in the text?A. They remained secret to the outside world in the past.B. They were originally built to defend their homeland.C. They are still cut off and difficult to access nowadays.D. They are the ethnic villages with unique architecture.【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了中国几个最美丽的古村落。【21题详解】细节理解题。由Tuvas Village in Kanas, Xinjiang中的“These Swiss-style wooden houses are all surrounded by wooden fences”可知，这些瑞士风格的木屋都被木栅栏环绕着。所以在in Kanas Tuvas Village，你能够看到外国风格的房子。故B选项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。由Jiaju Tibetan Village, Danba, Sichuan Province中的“These unique houses are all built with crown-shaped roofs, red eaves, and white walls, which make the houses look like little castles among the forest”可知，这些独特的房子都是用皇冠形的屋顶、红色的屋檐和白色的墙壁建造而成的，使房子看起来像森林中的小城堡。所以在In Jiaju Tibetan Village你可以欣赏到像城堡一样的房子。故C选项正确。【23题详解】推理判断题。由Baoshan Stone City, Yunnan Province中的Baoshan Stone City was built on a huge mushroom-shaped rock, and only has about one hundred houses. you can experience the colorful culture of the Naxi ethnic (民族的) group there.宝山石城建在一块巨大的蘑菇形岩石上，只有大约一百间房子。你可以在那里体验纳西族丰富多彩的文化。Tuvas Village in Kanas, Xinjiang中的“These Swiss-style wooden houses are all surrounded by wooden fences.Tuvas is an ancient minority group.”这些瑞士风格的木屋都被木栅栏环绕着。图瓦斯是一个古老的少数民族。Jiaju Tibetan Village, Danba, Sichuan Province中“Jiaju Tibetan Village is known as the “Tibetan fairyland”These unique houses are all built with crown-shaped roofs, red eaves, and white walls, which make the houses look like little castles among the forest.”这些独特的房屋都是用皇冠状的屋顶、红色的屋檐和白色的墙壁建造而成，使房屋看起来像森林中的小城堡。Xijiang Miao Village, Guizhou Province中的“Its the largest Miao village in China, and now has 1432 households with a population of over 5000, of which 99.5% are Miao ethnic group. It s also famous for the houses built on stilts (支柱) of different heights.”它是中国最大的苗族村寨，现在有1432户人家，人口5000多人，其中苗族占99.5%。它还以不同高度的高跷房屋而闻名。综上所述，我们能从文中提到的村庄中推断出他们是有着独特建筑的民族村落。故D选项正确。BA simple project to help a family in need stopped Luke Mickelson in his tracks. In 2012, he and his family were inspired to build and donate a bunk bed, one bed on top of the other, after learning there were local children who slept on the floor. Shocked to discover how widespread this need was in his munity, Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need.Born and raised in Idaho, Mickelson, now 41, had a thriving career. He coached his kids sports teams and fished in the nearby river. But when he met children who were sleeping on the floor, his peaceful life changed course.Using safety guidelines and his daughters bunk bed as a model, Mickelson started buying wood and supplies to build beds with his own money. He recruited friends and family members to help around the holiday. As word spread, interest and involvement from his and other munities floodedalong with Mickelsons bunk bed output. “That first project, we built 11 bunk beds in my garage,” he said. “The next year, we did 15. Then it doubled every year. In 2017, we built 612 bunk beds.”With the motto “No kid sleeps on the floor in our town”, the nonprofit and its more than 65 branches have built and delivered more than 1,500 free beds to children across America. But along with the rapid growth, Mickelson was faced with a tough choice: advancing his career or his nonprofit. He chose the latter and went from making “great money to zero money”. Hes never looked back. “I found that the need I have isnt financial,” he said. “The need I have is seeing the joy on kids faces, knowing that I can make a difference.”24. Why did Mickelson set up Sleep in Heavenly Peace?A. To help the poor children.B. To make a big fortune.C. To inspire his munity.D. To get more donations.25. What do we know about Luke Mickelson?A. He had his own fish farm.B. He changed his career from time to time.C. He used to sleep on the floor when he was a kid.D. He originally had a relaxing and pleasant life.26. How did other people react to Mickelsons project?A. They showed little interest in it.B. They were supportive and involved in it.C. They were doubtful about the safety of the bunk bed.D. They volunteered to buy beds with their own money.27. What is Mickelsons attitude to the nonprofit?A. AmbiguousB. Defensive.C. Cautious.D. Positive.【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了在2012年卢克米克尔森在得知当地有孩子睡在地板上之后，为孩子们建造并捐赠了一张双层床，并且创办了“Sleep in Heavenly Peace”，这是一家为有需要的儿童建造并提供床铺的非盈利机构，这家非营利性组织现有65多个分支机构，为美国各地的儿童建造并提供了1500多张免费床位。卢克米克尔森放弃了自己的事业，选择了继续为非营利性组织工作，他希望通过他的努力能够帮助更多的孩子，能够看到孩子脸上灿烂的笑容。【24题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need.”可知，卢克米克尔森于是创立了“Sleep in Heavenly Peace”，这是一家为有需要的儿童建造和提供床铺的非营利机构。所以米克尔森创立“Sleep in Heavenly Peace”的目的是帮助那些贫穷的孩子。故A选项正确。【25题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“Born and raised in Idaho, Mickelson, now 41, had a thriving career. He coached his kids sports teams and fished in the nearby river.”可知，现年41岁的米克尔森出生于爱达荷州并在那里长大,他是儿童运动队的教练，常在附近的河里钓鱼。所以通过对他过去职业和生活状况的叙述，可以判断出他原本过着轻松而愉快的生活。故我们对卢克米克尔森了解是他原本过着轻松而愉快的生活。故D选项正确。【26题详解】细节理解题。由第三段“He recruited friends and family members to help around the holiday. As word spread, interest and involvement from his and other munities flooded”可知，他招募朋友和家人在假期期间帮忙。随着消息的不胫而走，来自本社区的和其它社区的人们如洪水般涌来。所以其他人对米克尔森的项目的反应是他们支持这个项目并参与其中。故B选项正确。【27题详解】推理判断题。由最后段“I found that the need I have isnt financial,” he said. “The need I have is seeing the joy on kids faces, knowing that I can make a difference.”可知，我发现我所需要的不是金钱。“我所需要的是看到孩子们脸上的快乐，我知道我能有所作为。所以通过米克尔森所说的话可以判断出，米克尔森对非营利组织持乐观的态度。故D选项正确。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。由最后段“I found that the need I have isnt financial,” he said. “The need I have is seeing the joy on kids faces, knowing that I can make a difference.”可知，我发现我所需要的不是金钱。“我所需要的是看到孩子们脸上的快乐，我知道我能做到。所以通过米克尔森所说的话可以判断出，米克尔森对非营利组织持乐观的态度。故小题4的正确选项为D选项。CTrees, some of the tallest in the world, towered above Hannah Griffiths and her colleagues each morning as they walked deep into the rainforest in the Maliau Basin in Borneo, where they had set up a set of experiments to look at the ecological effects of small creatures: termites (白蚁).Termites get a bum rap. They make headlines for chewing up billions of dollars of property each year in the U. S. And they are responsible for something like two percent of global carbon emissions, simply as a result of their huge populations and preference for chewing through carbonrich materials. A whole industry is aiming at killing them.But they play a key role in many natural ecosystems. Scientists have known for years that in tropical (热带的) forests, termites chew up fallen leaves and dead wood, keeping the fallen material under control and letting nutrients from the dead material back into the system to be used by other plants, insects, and animals. But they didnt know exactly how important the insects were in keeping the forest healthy and functional, so they removed termites from a particular spot in the forest and saw how it responded.As luck would have it, Hannah Griffiths and her colleagues started their experiment when the forest was hit by an extreme drought (干旱). During the non-drought years, they saw there wasnt much difference between the normal plots and the ones where theyd removed the termites. But during the drought, the effects were marked. What they found was unexpected: in the termite-rich areas, the soil stayed slightly wet, more tree seedlings sprouted (抽芽), and the system was full of activity despite the long, hard dry spell.For Griffiths, it was only because they happened to study the drought that they could pick out the real importance of termites to the system, she points out. “And that rings alarm bells in my head,” she says, “because it makes me think, well what else dont we know? If we start damaging biological munities, we dont know what that will do.”28. Which of the following best explains “a bum rap” underlined in Paragraph 2?A. Unfair blame.B. Wide popularity.C. Public attention.D. Special preference.29. What have scientists learned about termites?A. They do serious harm to tropical rainforests.B. They contribute a lot to the ecosystem they live in.C. They act as food for other plants, insects and animals.D. They speed up the loss of nutrition in the rainforest.30. What can we infer from the finding of Griffiths experiment?A. Termites help rainforests survive climate change.B. Termites prefer drought years to non-drought ones.C. Termites benefit more from the forest during the drought.D. Termites enjoy eating tree seedlings during the drought.31. What does Griffiths tell us in the last paragraph?A. Termites are now in danger of extinction.B. Termites damage biological munities.C. We should think twice before damaging a species.D. We should study the drought to improve the system.【答案】28. A 29. B 30. A 31. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了白蚁在自然界的生态系统中发挥着关键作用。【28题详解】词义猜测题。由第二段“They make headlines for chewing up billions of dollars of property each year in the U. S. And they are responsible for something like two percent of global carbon emissions, simply as a result of their huge populations and preference for chewing through carbonrich materials.”他们因为每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的财产而成为头条新闻，他们对全球大约百分之二的碳排放负有责任，这仅仅是因为他们人口众多，而且喜欢咀嚼富含碳的材料。所以以上都在说明白蚁受到了不公正的责备。所以A选项“不公正的职责”能最好地解释第2段中划线的“a bum rap”的意思。故A选项正确。【29题详解】细节理解题。由第三段“Scientists have known for years that in tropical (热带的) forests, termites chew up fallen leaves and dead wood, keeping the fallen material under control and letting nutrients from the dead material back into the system to be used by other plants, insects, and animals”可知，多年以来，科学家们已经知道，在热带雨林中，白蚁会啃食落叶和枯木，控制掉落的物质，并让枯木中的营养物质重新回到生态系统中，供其他植物、昆虫和动物食用。所以关于白蚁，科学家们了解到它们为它们所生活的生态系统做出了很大的贡献。故B选项正确。【30题详解】推理判断题。由第四段“But during the drought, the effects were marked. What they found was unexpected: in the termite-rich areas, the soil stayed slightly wet, more tree seedlings sprouted (抽芽), and the system was full of activity despite the long, hard dry spell.”可知，但在干旱期间，这些影响是很显著的。他们的发现出乎意料：在白蚁多的地区，土壤仍保持轻微的湿润，更多的树苗发芽，尽管经历了漫长而艰苦的干旱期，周围的生态系统仍然充满活力。所以从格里菲斯实验的结果中我们能推断出白蚁帮助雨林度过气候变化。故A选项正确。【31题详解】推理判断题。由最后段“For Griffiths, it was only because they happened to study the drought that they could pick out the real importance of termites to the system, she points out. “And that rings alarm bells in my head,” she says, “because it makes me think, well what else dont we know? If we start damaging biological munities, we dont know what that will do.可知，她指出，对格里菲斯来说，只是因为他们碰巧研究了干旱，他们才能够发现白蚁对生态系统的真正重要性。“这在我脑海中敲响了警钟，”她说，“因为它让我想，我们还不知道什么？如果我们开始破坏生物群落，我们不知道会发生什么。所以判断出格里菲斯在最后一段告诉我们，在破坏一个物种之前，我们应该三思而后行。故C选项正确。【点睛】由上下文的语境是解决词义猜测题的重要解题方法。划线词的意思往往是我们要猜测的意思。我们可以通过已知的上下文的词汇或者句子来猜测未知的意思。由第二段“They make headlines for chewing up billions of dollars of property each year in the U. S. And they are responsible for something like two percent of global carbon emissions, simply as a result of their huge populations and preference for chewing through carbonrich materials.”他们因为每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的财产而成为头条新闻，他们对全球大约百分之二的碳排放负有责任，这仅仅是因为他们人口众多，而且喜欢咀嚼富含碳的材料。所以以上都在说明白蚁受到了不公正的责备。所以A选项“不公正的责备”能最好地解释第2段中划线的“a bum rap”的意思。故小题1的正确选项为A选项。DClassifying things is critical for our daily lives. For example, we have to detect spam mail (垃圾邮件), false political news. When we use AI, such tasks are based on “classification technology” in machine learninghaving the puter learn, using the boundary separating positive and negative data. For example, “positive” data would be photos including a happy face, and “negative” data photos that include a sad face. Once a classification boundary is learned, the puter can determine whether a certain data is positive or negative.However, the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not available in many cases. For instance, when a retailer (零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase, they can easily find data on customers who have purchased from them (positive data), but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them (negative data), since they do not have access to their petitors data.According to lead author Takashi Ishida from RIKEN AIP, “Previous classification methods could not cope with the situation where negative data were not available, but we have made it possible for puters to learn with only positive data, as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users. Using our new method, we can let puters learn a classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence.”According to Ishida, “This discovery could expand the range of applications where classification technology can be used. Even in fields where machine learning has been actively used, our classification technology could be used in new situations where only positive data can be gathered due to data regulation or business constraints (限制). In the near future, we hope to put our technology to use in various research fields, such as natural language processing, puter vision, robotics, and bioinformatics.”32. How can the puter distinguish the positive data from the negative data?A. By learning the classification boundary.B. By updating the data collected regularly.C. By separating happy faces and sad ones.D. By introducing classification technology.33. Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2?A. To prove how important the positive data are.B. To confirm that data on customers are plete.C. To argue that retailers get their petitors
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