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Module 4 A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1local adj.地方的；局部的2suburb n. 城郊；郊区3district n. 地域；区域；行政区4harbour n. 海港5architecture n. 建筑6mittee n. 委员会7household n. 家属；家人8gallery n. 美术馆；画廊9nuisance n. 令人讨厌的人或事10manual adj. 用手的；手的 .重点单词写其形1survey n. 调查2pretty adv.纵联1 很；相当3rent n. 租金4park vt. 停车5traffic n. 交通6exchange vt. 交换7approach vt. 接近8afford vt. 买得起；有能力支付9sound vi. 纵联2 听起来10bother vt. 打扰；烦扰；麻烦11contact vt. 联络；联系(某人)12hometown n. 家乡.拓展单词通其变1neighbourhood n四邻；街坊neighbour n邻居2attractive adj.有吸引力的；吸引人的attract vt.吸引attraction n吸引；名胜纵联33fortunate adj.幸运的；吉祥的fortunately adv.幸运地；吉祥地fortune n运气；财富纵联44tourist n旅游者；观光客tour vt.& n旅游；观光tourism n旅游业5starve vi.饿死starvation n饿死；挨饿6occupation n职业occupational adj.职业的occupy v占用；占领；占据7professional adj.专业的profession n职业；专业纵联58organisation n组织organise vt.组织organised adj.有组织的；有系统的9fascinating adj.迷人的；吸引人的fascinate vt.使着迷fascination n魅力10survive vi.死里逃生；大难不死survival n幸存survivor n幸存者纵联1.程度副词多变化pretty很；相当fairly相当，简直quite很；相当 slightly轻微地rather相当；非常 entirely 完全地纵联2.感官系动词动起来sound听起来 look看起来smell闻起来 taste尝起来feel摸起来纵联3.后缀ive形容词大观园attractive有吸引力的 impressive使人印象深刻的creative有创造力的 constructive建设性的expensive昂贵的 instructive 有教育意义的纵联4.我的“命运”我掌握fortunate adj.幸运的 fortune n运气；命运fate n命运；结局 destiny n命运；天命纵联5.后缀al高频形容词汇总professional专业的 occupational职业的personal个人的 national国家的；民族的traditional传统的 international国际的单元话题社会调查子话题1调查情况expose v揭露；使曝光 resist vt.抵抗；抗拒starvation n饥饿；饿死 prohibit v禁止prejudice n偏见；成见 discrimination n歧视situation n形式；情况 innocent adj.清白的；无辜的statistics n. 统计数字，统计资料unemployment n. 失业；失业状态unfair adj. 不公平的；不公正的子话题2社会进步vitality n活力；热情 wealth n财富welfare n福利 significance n重要性social security社会保障 pension insurance养老金keep pace with 跟上的速度offer job opportunities 提供就业机会学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2015湖北高考阅读A) Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small neardisaster a few miles west of here.While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back.“Hello！” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer， I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.I began to properly worry about him. (fortunate), I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoors Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo.The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony.The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.用本单元的词汇替换got closer: approached，该词作名词时，意为“方法”，常与介词to连用用fortunate的正确形式填空：Fortunately用本单元的词汇替换get in touch with：contact2(2010全国卷阅读B) As adventurous as the job sounds， the hard part is factchecking all the information.Sure, its great to write about a tourist (attractive)，but youd better get the local museum hours correct or you could really ruin someones vacation.选择sounds在句中的含义：_B_，它常用作连系动词A发出声音B听起来 C发出信号D鸣警报用attractive的正确形式填空：attraction写出local在句中的含义：当地的高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词补全/翻译句子)1(2015福建高考书面表达)这个男孩因为贫穷甚至买不起蜡烛，因此为了夜晚阅读他从墙上凿洞从邻居家“偷光”。(afford)The boy, being poor, couldnt_afford_even_a_candle,_so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbours house to read at night.2(2015重庆高考写作)与此同时，他们互相交流想法和感受，通过这种方式他们很可能获得更多的知识。(exchange)Meanwhile,_they_exchange_ideas_and_feelings_with_each_other,_through_which_they_probably_acquire_more_knowledge.(二)课堂重点释疑1bother vt.打扰； 烦扰； 麻烦； 花费时间、精力(做某事) n麻烦，不便利记牢(1)bother to do/doing sth.费心做某事bother sb.with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人It bothers sb.that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是Dont bother.不必麻烦了。/不用费心了。(2)have bother (in) doing sth. 做某事费力why bother没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦练通 单句语法填空It bothers (bother) Tom that he cant find a job that he really likes.Dont bother to_look/looking (look) for my umbrella, and it will turn up some day.Im sorry I have bothered you with so many questions.写美一句多译你找到这所房子费力吗？Did you have_much_bother_(in) finding the house？(bother)Did you have_trouble/difficulty_(in) finding the house？(trouble/difficulty)2approach v接近，靠近；找(某人)商量；着手处理 n接近；通道；方法；途径记牢at the approach of在快到的时候make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径练通 单句语法填空All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.The job market has changed and our approaches to finding （find） work must change as well.写美一句多译随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。As Teachers Day was_approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.With Teachers Day approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.With Teachers Day around_the_corner,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.As Teachers Day was_drawing_near,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.联想表示“(做)某事的方法”的搭配有：the approach to (doing) sth.the way to do/of (doing) sth.the means of (doing) sth.the method of (doing) sth.3exchange vt.& n交换；交流；兑换记牢(1)exchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物exchange A for B 以A交换B(2)in exchange (for .) 作为交换，互换exchange students 交换生(两国交换的留学生)练通单句语法填空Ive offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a weeks acmodation.We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.He exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.用准exchange和change作动词时，前者强调双方交换，而后者则强调事物的属性或位置的改变。写美补全句子(2015四川高考书面表达)此外，在过去两年我自愿帮助两名交换生学习普通话。In addition, I have volunteered to_help_two_exchange_students with their Mandarin learning during the past two years.4afford vt.买得起；有能力支付；(有时间)做；承担得起(后果)；提供，给予记牢(1)afford to do sth.负担得起做某事(的费用)afford sb.sth. afford sth.to sb. 给予某人某物；提供给某人某物(2)affordable adj. 能承担得起的affordably adv. 负担得起地练通单句语法填空I dont dare to annoy my boss because I cant afford to_lose (lose) my job.Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy affordably (afford) priced bikes.用准afford意为“买得起，负担得起”时，常与can, could, be able to连用，后接名词、代词或不定式。写美句型转换The programme affords young people the chance to gain work experience.The programme affords_the_chance_to_young_people to gain work experience.5survive vi.死里逃生；大难不死 vt.比活得长；从中逃生记牢(1)A survive B (by .)A比B活得长()survive sth. (经历意外、战争、疾病等后) 幸存，活下来survive on 靠生存下来(2)survival n. 幸存；残留下来的人(物)survivor n. 幸存者练通 单句语法填空How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage?Its said that the woman survived her husband by 10 years.(2017江苏高考) Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive)用准survive 表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因而不需要加多余的介词in, from等。写美 句式升级(201610月浙江高考写作)After she had survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right.Having_survived_that_night,_she was confident that everything else would be all right.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1If necessary, please feel free to contact (联系) me via email or call me at 56667187.2Emily has to ride a bike across town to work every day because she cant afford (买得起；有能力支付) a car or the expensive rent near her pany.3To try to lose weight, the girl starves (使挨饿) herself every night.4What bothers (烦扰) me most is how I can get so much money for the project.5It is not known how the early humans survive (活下来) in the cold environment of ancient northern Europe.6Mrs Smith said something good about my position, so I felt pretty (很；相当) happy.7Although the idea sounds (听起来) wonderful, Im not sure whether it is practical.8We exchanged (交换) addresses and phone numbers at the party.9The research group produced two reports based on the survey (调查), but neither contained any useful suggestions.10The money used for building the library was donated by a local (当地的) businessman.单句语法填空1With the College Entrance Examination approaching (approach), I strongly remend that we should value time and study hard to be admitted into key universities.2Many weight loss programs seem attractive (attract) to people, but few work.3Every month the pany donates a large amount of money to the unfortunate (fortunate) people in the area.4It is said that each year thousands of tourists (tour) visit the polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctic.5He didnt want to bother his mother with/about his financial problems.6The public media receive money to operate from private citizens, organisations (organise) and governments.7The local government is trying to create jobs for the unemployed (employ)8Her fathers occupation (occupy) influenced her greatly, and Jane finally chosen to be a lawyer.9Although her parents thought that she should bee a professional (profession) musician, Victoria has other plans for her life.10Dolphins are unique and fascinating (fascinate) creatures, and they have been human beings friends for long.根据提示补全句子1我不想费事做那些累人但无用的事情。(bother)I wont bother_to_do/doing those tiring but useless things.2很多鸟在冬天来临之际飞向南方。(approach)Many kinds of birds fly south at_the_approach_of winter.3我要出国旅游了，所以我想去银行把一些人民币兑换成美金。(exchange)I am going to travel abroad，so I want to exchange_some_RMB_for dollars in the bank.4这星期我很忙，没时间去看那场电影。(afford)Im very busy this week and cant afford_to_see the film.5镇上有几座建筑物是从中世纪时期留存下来的。(survive)Several buildings in the town have_survived_from medieval times.(一)课前自主学习1put_up修建2so_far/up_to_now/till_now 到目前为止3get_away_from 摆脱4a_great_many/a_number_of 串记1 许多；大量5go_up串记2 上升6pay_back 归还；偿还7make_it 串记3 做成；成功8as_a_result 结果同根短语串记串记1.“许多；大量”太多了a great manyplenty ofa large number of a great/good deal ofa large quantity of/large quantities of串记2.“v.up”短语全接触go up上升 break up分裂；打碎build up逐渐增强；建立 hang up挂起来；挂断电话pick up(无意中)学会；捡起 bring up抚养；教育make up虚构；弥补；组成 show up出现；露面串记3.“v.it”短语精选make it做成；成功 get it明白；理解go it赶快做 watch it注意1by the seaside 在沿海2listening skill 听力技能3on the third floor 在三楼4on the coast 在海岸上5the rent for an apartment 公寓的租金6at weekends 在周末7make/earn money 挣钱8the beauty of nature 大自然的美丽9make money 赚钱10shopping centre 购物中心1Its_been_six_years_since we last saw each other, you know.你知道，自从我们上次见面到现在已经有六年了。2And this_is_the_first_time_Ive_visited your hometown.这是我第一次参观你的家乡。3.this is one_of_the_most_attractive_places Ive been to.这是我曾经去过的最吸引人的地方之一。4Whats_the_climate_like？气候怎么样？学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)完形中的短语和句式(补全句子)1(2016天津高考完形填空) Last summer, she wanted to join our local swim team.She practiced hard and finally made_it (获得成功)2(2018全国卷完形填空) Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it_had_been_13_years_since (自从到现在已经13年了) Id last seen him.高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)1(2016北京高考书面表达)在地球日前一周，在我们学校到处张贴了海报，号召我们加入到绿色地球的行动中。A week before Earth Day, posters were_put_up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.2(2017全国卷书面表达) Athletes from our school team have won many gold medals of table tennis contests in recent years and the coaching team is also very professional.(用本单元短语替换加黑词) a_great_many3(2018北京高考书面表达)因为这是我第一次向外国学生展示怎样制作茶，因此一开始我感到有点紧张。(this be the序数词time从句)Because this_was_the_first_time_that_I_had_shown foreign students how to make tea, I felt a little nervous in the beginning.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1put up修建；建造；举起；架起；张贴；投宿；(为)提供膳宿；提高(价钱)辨清写出下列句中put up的含义The names of the candidates will be put up on the college notice board.张贴He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.投宿Please put up your hand if you have any questions.举起A new supermarket will be put up in this neighborhood next year.建造记牢put away把收拾起来put aside 储存；留出put forward 向前移动，提出(意见、建议)put down 记下；写下；镇压put up with 容忍；忍受；忍耐；受苦练通介(副)词填空I think there is a limit to how much of this nonsense people are going to put up with.Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.All of us are delighted that a suitable answer has already been put forward by the chairwoman.写美补全句子高层建筑已经建起来了，包括教学楼、实验楼和图书馆。Tall buildings have_been_put_up,_including classroom and laboratory buildings, and a library.2get away from摆脱；离开；逃脱记牢get away走开，逃离；外出度假get away with sth. 做(错事)而未受惩罚；受到从轻发落get over 克服(困难)；从(病或损失等)中恢复过来get through 通过；(工作)完成；接通(电话)get across 被理解；使人了解练通选用上述短语填空A good speaker is supposed to manage to get_across to the listeners what he means.This proves that as long as we have a strong will, well be able to get_over any difficulty.(2016全国卷) In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get_away_from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.The policeman cant have the thief getting_away_with stealing peoples money.写美补全句子(2018浙江高考写作)我父亲给警察局打电话，但是打不通。My father telephoned the police station, but it couldnt get_through.句式集释It is/has been一段时间since .教材原句Its_been_six_years_since we last saw each other, you know.悟拓展例句(1)It is /has been already three months since he worked in this pany, and now he still cant find a job.自从他离开这家公司已经有三个月了，到现在还没有找到一份工作。(2)It_will_be_another_week_before we meet again.再过一周我们就会再次见面。(3)It_was_11_oclock_when he came back last night.他昨晚回来的时候是十一点。(4)It_was_at_11_oclock_that he came back last night.他是昨晚十一点回来的。析用法规则用法归纳(1)“It be一段时间since .”句型，意为“自从已有多长时间了”。主句中若用现在时， since从句用一般过去时；主句中若用过去时，则从句用过去完成时。(2)“Itbe一段时间before从句”，表示“多久之后才”。若before从句时态为一般现在时，be用一般将来时；若before从句时态为一般过去时，be用一般过去时。(3)“Itbe时间点when从句(时间状语从句)”表示“做某事是在某时”。 (4)“Itbe介词时间点/段或地点that .”是强调句型。注意事项since引导的从句中的动词如果用非延续性动词，表示“自从多长时间了”；若since引导的从句中的动词为延续性动词，则表示“自从该动作或状态的完成或结束以来已有多长时间了”。背写作佳句(1)(2016天津高考书面表达) It has been two weeks since you came here for the exchange program.(开头句)(2)(2017天津高考书面表达) While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, Ive missed you a lot, thinking about those happy moments when we stayed with you.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练 .选词填空go up， at weekends， put up， a great many， make money， up to now， make it， get away from1More than one new house has been put_up for the victims of the earthquake in this area so far.2Up_to_now,_Susan has created many programmes, one of which received an award at her provinces science fair.3People with special interests can get_away_from their routines while they are learning such things as how to make beer or take better photos.4To my joy, a_great_many students passed it, although the math exam was rather difficult.5Watching hundreds of balloons slowly go_up into the sky, the crowd got excited.6I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made_it at last.7Nowadays there are lots of opportunities to make_money online.8To finish the project in time, the staff were working at_weekends.根据提示补全句子或翻译句子1自从露西回到美国以来已经三个月的时间了。(since)It_is/has_been_three_months_since Lucy returned to America.2这是我第一次离开家这么长时间。(This/It is the序数词time从句)This_is_the_first_time_that_I_have_been_away_from my family for such a long time.3并不是所有的人都喜欢她幽默的主持方式。(the waythat从句)Not everyone likes the_humorous_way_(that/in_which) she hosts the program.4曹文轩写的草房子是我读过的最棒的小说之一。(the形容词最高级名词定语从句)The Grass House written by Cao Wenxuan is one_of_the_best_novels_that_I_have_ever_read.5你知道宇宙飞船是什么样子的吗？(whats .like？)Do_you_know_what_a_spaceship_is_like?.应用文分步写作假定你是李华，离开家乡已10年之久，你最近看到关于家乡的一项调查。请根据下列要点用英语写一篇短文：1曾经有很多人失业；2到目前为止一些失业工人在郊区找到了工作；3人民对美好生活的憧憬。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点1审题：人称：主要是第三人称时态：主要是一般过去时和现在完成时2内容要点：本题只给出了写作的3个基本要点，属于半开放式作文。根据写作要求，本文应包括以下两个层次：(1)开头语：自我介绍，引出话题，为下文介绍家乡做铺垫；(2)主体部分：具体描述一项关于家乡的调查：曾经有很多人失业(要点1)；到目前为止一些失业工人在郊区找到了工作(要点2)；表述人民对美好生活的憧憬(要点3)。开头语：我是李华。我离开家乡已有10年之久。我也没联系过那里的朋友。My_name_is_Li_Hua.Its_ten_years_since_I_left_my_hometown.I_havent_contacted_my_friends_there_either.要点1：最近我读了一篇关于我家乡的调查。此项调查表明曾经有很多人失业。(a great many)Recently_I_read_a_survey_about_my_hometown.It_shows_that_there_were_a_great_many_people_out_of_work.要点2：到目前为止，一些失业工人很幸运地在郊区找到了工作。(so far, fortunate, suburb)So_far,_some_of_them_have_been_fortunate_to_find_their_jobs_in_the_suburbs.要点2：他们已经摆脱了困难时期。这听起来相当令人鼓舞。(get away from, sound, pretty)They_have_got_away_from_difficult_times,_which_sounds_pretty_encouraging.要点3：他们相信只要努力工作就能买得起自己的房子。(afford)They_believe_they_can_afford_to_buy_their_own_houses_as_long_as_they_work_hard.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容更充实亮眼，我们需要对要点进行必要的拓展和升级，让要点在内容上和形式上更丰满。例如：要点1可以升级为定语从句；要点2可以添加方式状语“在政府和一些社会组织的帮助下”来充实要点；要点3可以补充细节“他们希望可以像当地人一样过着快乐的生活”。升级要点1：最近我读了一篇关于我家乡的调查，调查表明曾经有很多人失业。(用which引导的非限制性定语从句)Recently_I_read_a_survey_about_my_hometown,_which_shows_that_there_were_a_great_many_people_out_of_work.拓展要点2：到目前为止，在政府和一些社会组织的帮助下，一些失业工人很幸运地在郊区找到了工作。(用with介词短语)So_far,_with_the_help_of_the_government_and_some_social_organisations,_some_of_them_have_been_fortunate_to_find_their_jobs_in_the_suburbs.补充要点3：他们希望可以像当地人一样过着快乐的生活。(local)They_hope_they_can_live_a_happy_life_like_local_people.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡本写作可采用总分式结构组织全文。开头先自我介绍并引出话题。要点间可添加衔接词but， so， besides，以使文章过渡自然，语意连贯。My_name_is_Li_Hua.Its_ten_years_since_I_left_my_hometown.I_havent_contacted_my_friends_there_either.Recently_I_read_a_survey_about_my_hometown,_which_shows_that_there_were_a_great_many_people_out_of_work.But_so_far,_with_the_help_of_the_government_and_some_social_organisations,_some_of_them_have_been_fortunate_to_find_their_jobs_in_the_suburbs.So_they_have_got_away_from_difficult_times,_which_sounds_pretty_encouraging.They_believe_they_can_afford_to_buy_their_own_houses_as_long_as_they_work_hard.Besides,_they_hope_they_can_live_a_happy_life_like_local_people.理清文体结构之(四)应用文之通知通告抓标题及四大要素，比对定答案通知通告类应用文结构比较单一，但是信息含量丰富。通知常含有一个主标题，点明通知类型等相关信息，正文常常涵盖通知内容、时间、地点及人物四大要素，文章结尾常常带有一些特别提示。解答此类应用文的关键在于抓住命题敏感点即标题及文中四要素，然后迅速浏览题干，找出题眼，再到文章中寻找与之相关的要素，进而比对信息得出答案。高考典例2015全国卷A篇抓标题及四大要素高考典例2015全国卷A篇读文解题技法主标题表明通知类型及地点 副标题：时间1 内容1副标题：时间2 内容2副标题：时间3 内容3副标题：时间4 内容4具体联系方式Monthly Talks at London Canal MuseumOur monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you dont need to book. They end around 21：00.November 7thThe Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”December 5thIce for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how Londons ice trade grew.February 6thAn Update on the Cotswold C
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