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第八课时名词性从句感 悟 高 考1.Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京卷)A.whatever B.whoeverC.whomever D.whichever答案Bwhatever任何事；whoever任何人；whomever任何人；whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A、D，因为需要作主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。2.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _ she was heading.(2017北京卷)A.why B.where C.how D.when答案B句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，故选B。3.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.(2017江苏卷)A.that B.which C.what D.how答案C“half of _ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语，故选C。句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元，这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。4.She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津卷)A.when B.where C.whether D.what答案C句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。根据句意，故选C。5.Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.(2016北京卷)A.However B.WhoeverC.Whatever D.Wherever答案C句意：你的支持对我们很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever。要 点 精 析名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句1.引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether/if；连接代词what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever等。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。2.主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)that从句Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)that从句Itbe过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)that从句It不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等)that从句It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。Its no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。二、宾语从句1.引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。I truly believe that beauty es from within.我确信美来自内在。(2015北京卷单选)2.it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。3.当主句的主语是第一人称时，在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就运用否定转移，将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。I dont believe she will attend the meeting.我认为她不会来参加该会议。4.that, what引导宾语从句的区别在宾语从句中，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导宾语从句时，意为“什么”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中用来作主语或宾语。The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。Galileo found that no matter how many times he tried the experiment, the result remained the same.伽利略发现，不管他进行多少次试验，结果都一样。三、表语从句1.引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。Jerry did not regret giving the ment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达的。Id like to start my own business thats what Id do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。2.as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等动词之后。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3.because, why引导的表语从句because, why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause (该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：This/That is/was why.这/那是的原因。This/That is/was because.这/那是因为The reason why.is/was that.的原因是From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。四、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。1.常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：advice 建议 conclusion 结论 demand要求doubt 怀疑 fact 事实 hope 希望idea 主意 information 信息 message 消息news 消息 order 命令 possibility 可能性promise 诺言 question 问题 request 请求suggestion 建议 thought 想法 plan 计划I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.你有可能到机场接我吗？没问题。2.引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。Evidence has been found through years of study that childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现：有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。She asked a question why there was a delay.她问了发生延误的原因。I have no idea when he will e back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。名师点津 在同位语从句中，that, whether不作句子成分。that无实义，whether意为“是否”，if一般不引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。3.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完整的句子，引导词that只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句对其前的名词即先行词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因此关系词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. (that引导的是同位语从句，that不可省略)当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。As a matter of fact, the news (that/which) he told me yesterday is true. (that/which引导定语从句，可以省略)实际上，他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。解 题 策 略1.位置判断法根据名词性从句的句子特点及其所处的位置，判断出属于哪一种从句，从而确定连词的种类。(1)_ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How答案B句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语，只能用what来引导，that引导主语从句不作成分。(2)One reason for her preference for city life is _she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A.that B.how C.what D.why答案A系动词is之后是一表语从句，从句的结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。2.语序判断法一般来说，名词性从句中(当然不只是名词性从句，其他从句也是如此)，从句的语序要用陈述语序。When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know_.A.he is entering which laneB.which lane he is enteringC.is he entering which laneD.which lane is he entering答案Bwhich引导的句子作know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。故B项为正确答案。3.句子成分分析法看从句缺不缺成分，不缺就用that, whether/if，缺成分就用wh-类连接词(包括how, because等)。(1)We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where答案D句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。由句意知，discussed后面的宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。(2)As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.A.how B.what C.when D.which答案B句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里创业。空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。针 对 训 练1.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京卷)A.what B.that C.whether D.why答案B句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全免于尘埃。分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故用that引导表语从句。2.The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津卷)A.whether B.that C.which D.what答案B分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，且从句句意和句子成分完整，故用that。3.A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not_ships are built for.(2015安徽卷)A.what B.whom C.why D.when答案A句意：船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。is not后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，故选A。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语；whom指人。4.We must find out _ Karl is ing，so we can book a room for him.(2015重庆卷)A.when B.how C.where D.why答案A句意：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。5._ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京卷)A.Where B.How C.Why D.When答案B句意：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。 分析句子结构可知“_ we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知选B。6._ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015江苏卷)A.That B.Why C.Where D.How答案C句意：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。“Where Li Bai.was born”作该句子的主语，表示“李白出生的地方”。7.I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.(2015福建卷)A.where B.how C.why D.if答案B句意：我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持了那么好的身材。通过每天锻炼。根据答语By doing.可知问的是方式。8.The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.(北京卷)A.where B.when C.how D.why答案B句意：这位足球明星最好的时刻就是他射进了决胜的一球的那一刻。因为前面有moment，所以根据表语从句的含义选择when。9.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing _ youre afraid to do.(福建卷)A.that B.what C.how D.whether答案B句意：跌倒后再站起来。勇气是做你不敢做的事情。这里含有一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作do的宾语，所以用what，故选B。10.We have offered him the position，but I dont have the slightest idea_ he will accept it.A.how B.if C.whether D.that答案C句意：我们给他提供了这个职位，但是我一点儿都不知道他是否会接受这个职位。根据“I dont have the slightest idea”可知，此处表示不确定，且连词在同位语从句中不充当成分，故选whether表示“是否”。if也可表示“是否”但一般不引导同位语从句。11.Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize_ diverse the American culture is.A.what B.how C.that D.where答案B句意：只有当你亲自来到纽约时，你才会意识到美国文化是多么多种多样。根据“howadj./adv.主语其他部分”可知，应选how。what一般修饰名词，不符合题意和语法结构。12.The young couple was having an argument about _ turn it was to do the cooking.A.whose B.who C.when D.which答案A句意：这对夫妇正在争论该轮到谁做饭了。whose引导名词性从句作介词about的宾语，whose在宾语从句中作定语修饰turn。13._ you do will be right because you are a wise and responsible man.A.What B.WhichC.Whichever D.Whatever答案D句意：无论你做什么事都是正确的，因为你是一位有智慧且负责的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个主语从句，在从句中作宾语，再结合句意可知此处应用Whatever。14.It is estimated that China has over 770 million 4G users，which doubles _ it was in 2015.A.that B.which C.what D.how答案C句意：据统计，中国有超过7亿个4G手机用户，总数是2015年的两倍。根据句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句，且从句缺表语，故选what。
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