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必修1Unit 4Earthquakes一、阅读理解A Crossing your legs is an extremely mon habit; most people dont even notice that theyre doing it when they sit down. While you may find it fortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of. A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You wont feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawnout increases in blood pressure can cause longterm health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Dont keep your legs crossed. “Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg，” explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle what we know as that “pins_and_needles” sensation. While the feeling of disfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage. So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们将一条腿放在另一条腿上(跷二郎腿)的习惯，这种行为会导致一些健康问题。【难句分析】The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate.(第二段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。两个that引导的都是表语从句，“making it.to circulate”为现在分词短语作结果状语。译文：这是因为腿部的血液要回流到心脏，就要与重力对抗，并且把一条腿放在另一条腿上会加剧这种对抗，这使得血液循环更难了。1What can we learn about crossing ones legs?AIt is a very bad social habit，BIt can do harm to peoples health.CIt is usually practiced deliberately.DIt can make others feel unfortable.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据文章前三段内容可知，人们将一条腿放在另一条腿上(跷二郎腿)会使血压上升，给腿部和脚部的某些神经带来压力，引起健康问题。故选B项“它可能对人们的健康有害处”。2According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can _.Aaffect your blood pressureBresist gravity effectivelyClead to heart attacks easilyDimprove the function of legs答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，一项研究表明跷二郎腿会影响血压。故选A。3In the third paragraph “pins and needles” probably means _.Abeing highly flexibleBbeing a little tiredCserious muscle injuries Dslight sharp pains答案与解析：D考查词义猜测。根据上文可知，将一条腿放到另一条腿上所产生的这种压力会使得脚部、腿部某些肌肉无知觉、麻痹。故选D项“轻微的刺痛”。4What is the main purpose of the text?ATo pare mon habits.BTo evaluate the effects of an experiment.CTo give readers some advice.DTo introduce research methods.答案与解析：C考查写作意图。通读文章内容可知，文章介绍将一条腿放在另一条腿上所导致的健康问题，旨在建议读者不要跷二郎腿。故选CBNowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year.The genetic genie is out of the bottle.However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the worlds population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.1.The passage mainly talks about_.A. the worlds food problemB. the development in biotechC. the genetically modified foods D. the way to solve food shortages2.According to the passage, GM foods_.A. will replace naturally grown foodsB. are far better than naturally grown foodsC. may help to solve the problem of poor nutritionD. can cause serious trouble in developing countries3.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probablymeans that_.A.GM foods are available everywhereB. the technology in producing GM foods is advancedC. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powersD. genetic technology has e out of laboratories into markets4.Whats the writers attitude towards GM foods?A. Enthusiastic.B. Cautious.C. Disapproving.D. Unbelievable.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods).”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.”可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。4.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。二、七选五(2018广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一) Weve all experienced peer pressure (同伴压力). It happens to everybody. However, people have different reactions. Confident people refuse to do things they dont want to do, but shy and anxious people often give in. It may be because they want to be liked. It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them, or perhaps theyre just curious about trying something new. _1_. Its hard being the only one who says no and the question is: how do you do it? _2_ If you think that missing maths, or smoking, or going somewhere you know your parents wouldnt like is a bad idea then the answer is simple: dont do it. Its your decision, nobody elses. You dont need to be aggressive. You dont need to shout and scream, but you must be confident and you must be firm. You need to say, “No thanks. I dont want to do that.” Being on your own against everybody else is very hard, so it can really help to have at least one other peer, or friend, who will say no too. _3_ You want friends who will support you when youre in trouble. You dont want people who will always agree with the majority. Remember, the most popular people arent always the most trustworthy. _4_ You can learn a lot from people of your own age. They can teach you great football skills or the best way to do your maths homework. They can remend music and advise you on fashion. And dont forget you can tell them things too, and that always feels great. So, find friends who have similar interests. And remember, friendship isnt about feeling depressed and guilty. _5_ AChoose your friends carefully.BFirstly, you must decide what you believe in.CIts about sharing experiences and having fun.DOf course, peer pressure isnt pletely bad.EIt may be because they were all born to be stubborn.FDepression and guilt will surely give you peer pressure.GWhatever the reason, some people end up doing things they really dont want to do. 【文章大意】自信的人通常选择拒绝做不乐意做的事情，而害羞和焦虑的人通常会选择接受。本文介绍了如何学会拒绝并解释了如何从来自同伴的压力中学习。1答案与解析：G根据空前两句“It may be because they want to be liked. It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them，or perhaps theyre just curious about trying something new”可知，那些害羞和焦虑的人做他们不想做的事情可能是为了让别人喜欢自己，也可能担心他们的朋友会取笑他们，或者仅是尝试新事物。结合空处所在的位置可以判断，空处承上启下，说明不管是何种原因，这些人选择了做他们不想做的事情，故G项符合文意。2答案与解析：B根据该段最后两句“You dont need to shout and scream, but you must be confident and you must be firm. You need to say, No thanks. I dont want to do that.”可知，对于如何拒绝，你无需叫喊，但是要自信和坚定；据此可知，空处表示要确定你相信的东西，故B项符合文意。3答案与解析：A根据空后一句“You want friends who will support you when youre in trouble”可知，你需要在你困难时会支持你的朋友；据此可以判断，空处介绍的是“要慎重选择朋友”，故A项与此处匹配。4答案与解析：D根据空后的“You can learn a lot from people of your own age. They can teach you great football skills or the best way to do your maths homework.”可知，你可以从同龄人那里学习很多，他们能教会你很多知识；据此可以判断，来自同伴的压力并非完全是坏事，故D项符合文意。5答案与解析：C根据“They can teach you . that always feels great.”可知，友谊是分享技能、爱好等，是一起享受快乐，故C项符合文意。三、短文改错(2018长沙市高中毕业生供题)It snowed last night, when was quite rare here in Western Washington State. School canceled for the day and the neighborhood kids were so exciting! A couple of my young neighbors knocked polite on my door and asked if they could all play in their courtyard. I was happy to having them and soon they were making snowmen and having snowball fights. I invite them in to have hot cocoa and homemade cookie. The snow didnt last long it started raining in this afternoon so I enjoyed seeing the kids have so much fun while it was here!答案：It snowed last night, was quite rare here in Western Washington State. School canceled for the day and the neighborhood kids were so ！ A couple of my young neighbors knocked on my door and asked if they could all play in courtyard. I was happy to them and soon they were making snowmen and having snowball fights. I them in to have hot cocoa and homemade . The snow didnt last long it started raining this afternoon I enjoyed seeing the kids have so much fun while it was here!四、短文语法填空Felicity Miller, a 32yearold British woman, _1_ has a Chinese husband, still remembers the _2_ (excite) when she first learned to use the “red packet” function on WeChat in 2015.She sent and grabbed some red packets in her Chinese familys group.The rule in her family was that the _3_ (high) amount sent the next.Attracted by the unique way of municating, many foreigners _4_ (join) in sending and grabbing red packets so far.Usually, the money in each packet is random.Thus the amount of money one can grab _5_ (large) depends on his or her luck, from 0.01 yuan to less than 200 yuan.Many foreigners get more familiar _6_ Chinese culture through “red packets”Two years ago, when Felicity Miller was sent 5.20 or 8.88 yuan red packets, she had no clue about the _7_ (hide) meanings.Now, she has not only known about them, but also has sent a few.However, the popularity of virtual red packets doesnt stop people sending paper red packets _8_ (contain) real cash during the Spring Festival.It _9_ (call) lucky money.In Chinese tradition, people take giving children lucky money as _10_ blessing.语篇解读：许多外国人通过“微信红包”更加熟悉中国文化。但是真正的纸质红包并未被替代，在春节时人们给孩子压岁钱以表示对孩子的祝福。1who分析本句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为a 32yearold British woman，故用who引导该定语从句。2excitement根据空前的定冠词the可知，空处用名词形式。3highest根据语境并结合常识可知，抢到红包金额最高的人要发下一个红包，故用最高级。4have joined根据该句中的“so far”可知，到目前为止，已经有许多外国人被“微信红包”这一特殊的交流方式吸引，并参与了抢红包和发红包。据此可知，本句用现在完成时。5largely空处修饰动词短语“depends on”，故用副词形式。6with许多外国人通过“微信红包”更加熟悉中国文化。get familiar with为固定搭配，意为“熟悉”。7hiddenFelicity Miller不知道这两个数字背后隐藏的意义。根据空前的冠词the和空后的名词meanings可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填hidden。8containingpaper red packets和动词contain之间是主谓关系且contain与句子谓语之间无连词，故用现在分词短语作名词paper red packets的后置定语。9is called这种纸质的红包被称为“压岁钱”。根据句意可知，主语It 和动词call之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；本句陈述的是一般现象，故用一般现在时。10a人们将给孩子压岁钱作为一种祝福。此处泛指“一种祝福”，故用不定冠词。
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