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Unit 1Great scientists必修5Unit 1Great scientists【短文语法填空】When I looked out on the white blanket 1.(cover) the ground,I couldnt help but smile a bit.It was so beautiful.It softened the bare trees and hid the dead grass.In the 2.(distant),I could hear the sound of the snow on the road,the bark of 3. happy dog,and the laughter of children playing outside,4.(enjoy) their day off from school.The sweet music of that laughter 5.(bring) back a hundred memories of winters past.I remembered 6.(catch) snowflakes on my tongue,building snowmen,making snow angels,sledding 7. hills,and always losing the snowball fights with first my brothers and then my own children.Standing there in that warm coat of remembering made the wind a little less cold.I turned up my head,stuck out my tongue,8. for the first time in years caught a snowflake on it.It tasted so 9.(freshness) and clean.It tasted like youth,like joy,and like love.I looked up to the heavens and 10.(sincere) thanked God for all of my memories and for the simple truth that you are never too old to be young again.答案1.covering2.distance3.a4.enjoying5.brought6.catching7.down8.and9.fresh10.sincerelyconclude vt.& vi.断定；推断出；终止；达成(1)conclude(2)conclude sth.以结束to conclude最后(3)conclusion n结论；结束draw/reach/arrive at/e to/lead to a conclusion 得出结论e to the conclusion that.所得结论是in conclusion最后(2016上海卷)The Americanborn architect Robert Venturi _concluded_ (conclusion) that if simplicity is done badly，the result is soulless design.美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的。He _concluded_ (conclude) his speech with a famous saying：“Where there is a will，there is a way.”他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。Jack said he could conclude _from_ Janes expression that Jane had stolen his money.But everyone knew Jack always came to a _conclusion_ (conclude) without any evidence to support his conclusion.In _conclusion_ (conclude)，nobody was likely to believe Jane was a thief.杰克说他能从简的表情断定简偷了他的钱。但是每个人都知道杰克总是没有任何证据的得出结论来支持他的推论。最后，没有人愿意相信简是个贼。attend vt.专心；留意；注意vt.出席，参加；照顾，护理(1)attend a lecture/a meeting/a conference/school/class听讲座/出席会议/上学/上课attend to 处理；照顾attend on/upon sb.伺候/照顾某人 (2)attendance n出席，参加；上学；到场(3)attendant n服务员，侍者，侍从，随从；护理者(教材原句) John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成为维多利亚女王的私人医生。They _attended_ (attend) college together at Beijing University.他们一起就读于北京大学。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)I then made it a point _to attend_ (attend) those meetings and learn all I could.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光expose.to 使显露；暴露be exposed to 暴露于，处于危险中expose sth.to sb.向某人揭发某事expose sb.to sth.使某人接触到某物，使面临，使遭受(教材原句)The water panies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.自来水公司接到指示：不得使人们再受污水的影响。_Being exposed_ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有害。Take care not to keep your children _exposed_ (expose) to the bad books and magazines.当心不要让孩子接触不良书籍和杂志。absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入(1)absorb/attract/draw ones attention 吸引某人的注意absorb.into.把吸收进(2)absorbed adj.全神贯注的be absorbed by/into.被吞并；被所吸收be absorbed/buried in 全神贯注于；专心于(教材原句)The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。(2015天津卷)_Absorbed_ (absorb) in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching.单句语法填空(2017全国卷)I dont want to get too _absorbed_ (absorb) in modeling.blame vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于n过失；责备(1)blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人blame sth.on sb.把某事怪到某人头上be to blame(for.) 应承担责任；该受责备(用主动形式表被动意义)(2)get the blame 受到责难get/accept/bear/take the blame for.对负责lay/put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上(教材原句)It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。They all blamed the car accident _on_ him.In fact，he was really _to blame_ (blame) for his careless driving.So he got the blame _for_ it without any plaint.他们把车祸归咎于他。实际上，他确实应该因粗心驾驶受到责备。于是，他毫无怨言地担负起了车祸的责任。(2016全国卷)I often had crazy dreams in which I was _to blame_ (blame) for Millers accident.我经常做一些古怪的梦，梦到自己该对米勒的事故负责。contribute vi.& vt.捐款；贡献；捐助(1)(2)We hope your suggestion will contribute to _solving_ (solve) the problem.我们希望你的建议有助于解决问题。Many people contributed money _to_ the poor boy，which contributed to his _returning_ (return) to school.A writer wrote a story about it and _contributed_ (contribute) it to China Daily.许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐了款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投给了中国日报。(2015全国卷)Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive _contribution_ (contribute) to the education of that group of early“civil engineers”单句语法填空(2017浙江卷)Others say its only natural that newers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they _can contribute_ (contribute) to society.【七选五】Freshmen anywhere may be nervous about university life. Here, three pieces of advice are for them.Listen but dont be silentThe world is held in students hand via smart phones. Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important. 1 It forces students to face the difficulties of training a deep attentiveness. Unsurprisingly, students find it hard to speak out, ask questions or for points of clarification. They dont want to appear foolish or incapable. However, there is no such thing as a foolish question. Teachers are there to help you understand. This also goes for seminars and workshops. 2 Read and buy books 3 Therere so many useful online sources today, but the habit of reading books, especially whole books, is something being lost. Buy your own books. There are many bargains to be found on used-book websites or through Amazon. Being a book lover and buyer will help any student get the most out of their education. 4 As a student, you dont just have to learn to listen and bee an active reader: you also have to bee an academic writer. Written work at college level cannot be done at the last minute or in a rush. It takes time. Turn to your teachers. If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反馈)ahead of the final submission. 5 Students who get feedback on their work always do better than those who do not. It is one of the few educational laws that holds true in all cases.A. Dont try to do it all the night before.B. However, a lecture is a listening workout.C. Thinking clearly cannot be done in a rush.D. So train your ear, listen carefully, but dont be silent.E. Reading is the most important thing that any student does.F. Re-writing has proved to be the turning point in ones degree.G. If they wont read drafts, then see them to run through your ideas.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大学一年级新生如何适应大学生活。1.B 【解析】考查上下文衔接。根据前文Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important.（因此，他们可能认为听讲座不重要）与B项(然而一个讲座就是一次听力训练)在此相衔接，故选B。2.D 【解析】考查上下文衔接。根据前文This also goes for seminars and workshops. （这需要到研讨班）与D项（仔细听训练你的听力，但不要沉默）衔接，故选D。3.E 【解析】考查语篇逻辑。本段的主旨是Read and buy books（阅读和购买书），而E项（阅读对学生来说很重要）符合逻辑，故选E。5.G 【解析】考查语篇逻辑。前文If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反馈)ahead of the final submission.（如果他们阅读了草稿就能确保在你上交前得到反馈）与 G项（如果他们没有阅读草稿，看他们理解你的观点）形成并列符合逻辑，故选G。apart from 此外，除了之外in addition 除之外，另外还apart from/aside from 除之外besidesin addition to 除之外(还，也)but/except 除之外(都)except for 除之外(表细节上的修正，“美中不足”)except that/when/what etc.除之外(教材原句)Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.除了上边提到的结构，你也学过下边这些短语。Except _for_ her illnesses，she had had a particularly happy childhood.除了体弱多病外，她的童年特别幸福。I received nothing _except_ what was due to me.除了我应得的东西，我并未接受任何东西。besides/except/except for/apart from/but/in additionbesides“除了之外，还有”，指“在整体中加入一部分”except从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分except for表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用；表示非同类事物进行比较；置于句首，表达except的含义apart from既可表示besides，也可以表示except或except for，还可以表示without的意思but在意思上相当于except，但常用在不定代词或疑问词后面in addition相当于副词besides，表示“另外”；in addition to相当于介词besidesput forward 把拿出来给人看；提出；推荐；把提前put in 插入；放进；安装；种植；插(话)；提出；申请put away 把放好；储存备用；处理掉put off 推迟；阻止；脱掉；使分心；关掉put out 放出；生产；发布；熄灭；困扰；逐出put up 举起；进行；建造；接待；张贴；暂住put up with/bear/stand/tolerate容忍；忍受put through接通电话；完成；使经受(教材原句)Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出的黑洞理论？That woman，as a housewife，has a lot _to put_ (put) up with.那个女人是个家庭主妇不得不忍受许多烦恼。单句语法填空(2017天津卷)The proposal put _forward_ by Dobrindt aims to help promote fully automatic driving.make sense 讲得通；有意义(1)make sense of.理解，明白make no sense 没道理，没意义there is no/much sense in doing sth.做某事没道理(意义)/很有意义(2)mon sense 常识have a sense of.有感in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense 决不(放句首句子用部分倒装)a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction责任感/幽默感/美感/方向感(教材原句)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。Only when you read between the lines several times can you make sense _of_ the main idea of this passage.只有当你反复阅读字里行间的意思时才能理解这篇文章的大意。_In_ no sense can we lie to our parents.我们决不能向父母说谎。【短文改错】The day before Mothers Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers were what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something differently.As then I lived in school and couldnt go back home on Mothers Day，so I decided to call her and sent her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions，what were very useful，and I read it carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the feel that someone elses words would have no meaning to her.So I gave in and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her to all she had done for me.【答案】The day before Mothers Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something .As then I lived in school and couldnt go back home on Mothers Day， I decided to call her and her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions， were very useful，and I read carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the that someone elses words would have no meaning to her.So I gave and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her all she had done for me.第一处：most前加the。考查冠词。母亲节前一天，我周围的所有人都在谈论什么是他们将为母亲买的最合适的礼物。根据句意可知，此处为形容词的最高级，故在most前加the。第二处：werewas。考查主谓一致。动名词短语Buying flowers作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式，故将were改为was。第三处：differentlydifferent。考查形容词。修饰不定代词something需用形容词。注意：different在此作后置定语。第四处：去掉so。考查连词。as“因为”，引导原因状语从句，故后面的so多余。第五处：sentsend。考查动词。and连接的不是并列的谓语动词，而是不定式，第二个不定式前的to承前省略了。第六处：whatwhich。考查定语从句。先行词为suggestions，非限制性定语从句缺主语，故用关系代词which引导。注意：what不可引导定语从句。第七处：itthem。考查代词。指代前面的suggestions，需用复数代词them。第八处：feelfeeling。考查名词。feel作名词表示“触觉，印象”，而feeling作名词表示“想法，意见，感觉”，显然此处要用feeling。第九处：inup。考查动词短语。give in是“让步，屈服”的意思，与语义不符。give up意为“放弃”，符合语境要求。第十处：tofor。考查介词。此处表示我感谢妈妈为我做过的一切。thank sb.for sth.“为某事感谢某人”为固定用法。He _got interested in_ two theories explaining how cholera killed people.他对两种解释霍乱害人的理论产生了兴趣。本句中get为连系动词，意为“变得，变成”。“get形容词”表示的是动态过程，如get ill表示“患病，得病”；“be形容词”则表示静态，如be ill意为“病了，病着”。以下get取代了be的结构中，get均表示从无到有的动态过程：get lost(迷路)；get married(结婚)；get used to(习惯于)；get tired(累了)；get dressed(穿好衣服)；get angry(发怒)，等等。I got _interested_ (interest) in playing basketball when I was in high school.我在高中时，开始对篮球感兴趣。I have _to get_ (get) dressed before eight oclock.我必须8点前穿好衣服。Dont get _excited_ (excite) about the examination；keep cool.不要对考试太激动，沉着点。【阅读理解】Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）the main ponent of vinegar.After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water pletely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）, Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine.Kim also told the magazine hes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isnt as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some panies, to make a method to apply this system, he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.1.What is the article mainly about? A. The worlds food supply will be increased. B. Plants better survive droughts.C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts.2.It was discovered that acetate can .A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the ArabidopsisC. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil3.What are the target plants of the experiment?A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis.C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis.4.Jong Myong Kims experiment of trying out the method .A. can make peoples trips pleasantB. turned out a worldwide successC. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plantsD. appeals to many flower growing panies【文章大意】 本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。1.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，故选D。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。故选C。4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kimhes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选D。
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