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选修6Unit 4Global warming一、阅读理解ASome pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic, according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare. The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment. Asher, a researcher at the University of Newcastles Institute of Neuroscience, and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment. One reflected standard mercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft, deep straw. After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks, the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment. “To do this, we trained each pig. In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets pigs love them and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans, which pigs find bittertasting，” a researcher said.Over a number of training trials, pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets. On the contrary, they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside, showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism. The findings suggest that a onesizefitsall answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people, there is still cause for concern. Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste. 【文章大意】本文是一篇研究报告，讲述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用。1. What was the study trying to figure out?AHow to make pigs happier.BThe similarities between humans and pigs.CHow living environment affected pigs mood.DHow pigs mood and personality affected their judgment.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据文章第一段第二句“The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment.”可知，选项D的概括符合题意。所以选项D正确。2. What does the underlined word “cushier” in Paragraph 2 mean?ASimple. BMore fortable.CUnpractical. DLess free.答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“more space and plenty of soft, deep straw”可知，另一个环境很舒适。所以选项B正确。3. Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?AThe bowl with chocolate sweets.BThe bowl containing coffee beans.C. The bowl full of both sweets and beans.DThe bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react.”以及该段后两句的对比描述可知，D选项与第五段内容一致。所以选项D正确。4. What do the findings of the new research imply? APeople should treat pigs equally. BPeoples health relies on meat quality. CPeople should meet pigs various needs. DPeoples attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想获得高质量和口感好的猪肉，人们应当满足猪的多种需要。所以选项C正确。BIts generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brule latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.Its undeniable that behavior es from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.Moreover, we dont just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character we infer characters that werent there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didnt.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people bee what they do, though it may not be in pliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonneguts advice: We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.1.According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are monly believed to.A. determine ones behaviorB. reflect ones tasteC. influence ones surroundingsD. result from ones habits2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?A. The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty.B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A. Personalities and attitudes.B. Preferences and habits.C. Behavior and personalities.D. Attitudes and preferences.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。观其行知其人，那么行为又是由什么来决定的呢?1.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第一句话可知答案。人们通常认为性格和态度决定一个人的行为。故选A。3.B 【解析】考查推理判断。画线部分实际上是一个例子，例子前面往往是观点,因此根据画线部分前一句可知答案。我们有时候会受到外界压力的影响。故选B。4.C 【解析】考查主旨大意。全文主要阐述的是人的行为和性格的关系，所以选择C项。二、七选五(2018沈阳市下学期高三第二次模拟)Most people would never even consider quitting without having another job lined up, and even fewer would remend it. _1_ And someone dear to me is also going to quit. Its definitely not a solution for everyone. But it is an option that requires a lot of strength, determination, and preparation. Three things you must have before being deliberately unemployed：A solid support system. Surround yourself with people who will encourage you and accept your decision even if they dont agree with it 100 percent. _2_. Youre already scared enough. Also you should know who not to tell. Not everyone needs to know every detail about your life, especially if you know youll receive a lot of negative ments.Money. _3_. You need enough money to support you in two to three months of life or a way to earn money on a parttime or contract basis.Confidence. You need to know and I mean，really believe that youre going to make great achievements. Chances are that you will experience emotional ups and downs once youre deliberately unemployed. _4_ At the same time anxiety and fear will appear. Trust and constantly remind yourself that you have done the right thing and that you will be okay and happier than ever. _5_ ABut I quit, and my best friend did too. BThey should be honest with you but not in a trying toscareyou kind of way. CThe risk is worth the reward.DQuitting needs great courage.EDoubt will gradually destroy your selfconfidence.FAt this time, confidence is of vital importance.GThis is when your emergency fund es in handy.【文章大意】本文是说明文，主要说明决定辞职前有三件事是你必须做好的。1答案与解析：A该空前面讲的是大多数人在没有找到下一份工作时决不考虑辞职，更少人会建议别人还没有找到下一份工作就辞职，该空后面讲的是“我”珍视的某人也正打算辞职，由句意可见前后是转折关系，A项中的“But”一词表明转折，且A项表示具体的人的辞职，与空后句子一致，符合语境。所以选A项。2答案与解析：B根据空前的“Surround yourself with.even if they dont agree with it 100 percent”以及下文的“Also you should know who not to tell”可知，选B项，B项中的“They”和空前的“they”一样，都是指代空前的“people who will encourage you and accept your decision”。3答案与解析：G根据空前的“Money”和本段整体内容可知，空处与money有关，只有G项与money有关，表示“此时就是你的应急基金派上用场的时候了”，故选G。4答案与解析：E根据该段主题“Confidence”和前后句可知，空处讲的应是辞职给心理带来的负面影响，空后的“At the same time anxiety and fear will appear”也是暗示，所以选E项“怀疑会逐渐毁掉你的自信”。5答案与解析：C空处位于该段的最后，是总结句，空处前一句讲的是“你要相信自己，不断提醒自己，你做了正确的事，你会好起来的，甚至比以前更快乐”，C项符合语境，所以选C项。三、短文改错(2018西宁三校检测)Since I am a little child, I have been dreaming of being a teacher. In my eyes, teachers not only help students acquire knowledges but guide them on how to be a real man. This is how I want to be a teacher. When I bee a teacher in the future, and I will prepare my lessons well and make my classes lively and interested. Besides, I will be strict in my students, and love me very much. I will treat them kind. In this way, they will enjoy learn at school. In word, if I can bee a teacher, I will try my best to be a good teacher.答案：Since I a little child, I have been dreaming of being a teacher. In my eyes, teachers not only help students acquire but guide them on how to be a real man. This is I want to be a teacher. When I bee a teacher in the future, I will prepare my lessons well and make my classes lively and . Besides, I will be strict my students, and love very much. I will treat them . In this way, they will enjoy at school. In word, if I can bee a teacher, I will try my best to be a good teacher.四、语法填空Scientists have discovered that _1_ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight.Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm.Brown fat burns energy, _2_ helps us lose weight.White fat stores extra energy, which results _3_ weight gain.The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, _4_ (fort) temperatures, our bodys need for brown fat has decreased.They found that: “Outdoor workers in northern Finland who _5_ (expose) to cold temperature have a significant amount of brown fat when _6_ (pare) to sameaged indoor workers.” The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice._7_ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat.This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed highfat diets.The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity.People who are obese have _8_ (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people.Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said, “This protein could bee an important target for research into the treatment and _9_ (prevent) of obesity and obesityrelated diseases.” She added, “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could _10_ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”语篇解读：要美丽，先“冻”人美国研究人员发现，适度寒冷有助于减肥。这项发现对研究治疗和阻止肥胖症及相关疾病有重要意义。1staying空格处在that引导的宾语从句中作主语，所以要用动名词形式，故填staying。2which分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一整句话，故用which引导该定语从句。3inresult in为固定短语，意为“造成，导致”。4fortable空格处同constant并列，修饰名词temperatures，故用形容词形式，因此填fortable，意为“使人舒服的，感到舒服的”。5are exposedexpose .to .为固定短语，意为“使暴露于”。当该结构中的宾语提前作主语时，要用被动形式be exposed to；此处be的形式应与前面的主语workers一致，且本文主体时态为一般现在时，故填are exposed。6pared此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，pare与其逻辑主语outdoor workers之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。完整的从句为when they are pared to .。7One根据语境可知，有一组老鼠被注射了促进褐色脂肪生长的蛋白质。此处表示“其中之一”，故填One。8lowerthan是比较级的标志词，故填lower。9prevention空格处与treatment并列，且前有定冠词the限定，后有介词of，所以要用prevent的名词形式，故填prevention。10possibly空格处修饰动词lose，要用副词，故填possibly。
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