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必修3Unit 2Healthy eating一、阅读理解AWild elephants can tell whether a voice es from a man, a woman or a boy, a new study says. Thats what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt. The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people, said study author Karen Mcb. “Basically, they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，” said Mcb, a professor at the University of Sussex in England. “Memory is Key. They must build up that knowledge somehow.” The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Its close to but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book, where the elephant Horton hears something that others cant hear. Mcb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men, who on occasion kill elephants, and Kamba men, who are less of a threat to the elephants. As a result, the elephants reacted more defensivelyretreating and gathering in a bunch to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe, said study coauthor Graeme Shannon.They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants, the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys voices. “Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal, who was not part of the study.【文章大意】研究表明野生大象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音，它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁。【难句分析】Mcb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water.(倒数第三段第一句)分析：这是一个复合句。where引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water作伴随状语。译文：Mcb和同事去了位于肯尼亚的安博塞利国家公园，在那里有成百上千头野象与人类一起生活，他们有时因为水资源匮乏而发生冲突。1Who were the people taking part in the study?AFrans de Waal and Karen Mcb.BDr. Seuss and Graeme Shannon.CGraeme Shannon and Frans de Waal.DKaren Mcb and Graeme Shannon.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“study author Karen Mcb”和第六段中的“study coauthor Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen Mcb和Groeme Shannon都参加了研究，故选D项。2What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?AIdentifying and avoiding possible danger.BGrowing much faster than any other animals.CHaving a better understanding of humans.DDeveloping their language skills.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt.”可知，这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对他们造成威胁，这样它们可以避免可能的危险，故A项是正确的。3Which can replace the underlined word “substituted” in the last paragraph?ADistinguished. BRepeated.CUsed. Dpared.答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。画线词所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices”，画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应，说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音，选C项。4What does the passage mainly talk about?AWild elephants can distinguish human languages.BThe conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing.CWild elephants use language skills to make discrimination.DWild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。根据文章第一句“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice es from a man, a woman or a boy”和全文内容可知，野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄，故选A项(野象能够区分人类的语言)。BWinston Churchill is probably the most popular British prime minister ever. Having served as a soldier and politician, he is often considered among the greatest of Britons. While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.His CigarsThe classic image of Winston Churchill includes a giant cigar stuck between his lips. Churchill developed his love of cigars as a young man, when he traveled to Cuba. For the rest of his life, he smoked eight or nine cigars every day. However, he almost never took a puff(吸，抽), preferring to chew on the end until it went out, then relight it and start again. To prevent the cigar being soggy (湿软的), Churchill invented the bellybando, a strip of brown paper which could be glued around the end.At any given time, Churchill had 3,000 to 4,000 cigars in his house, mostly his favorite Romeo & Juliet brand. On one occasion, the president of Cuba presented Churchill with 2,400 top-quality cigars, although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison. Perhaps the story that best shows his love of cigars occurred during World War II, when he had a special oxygen mask designed so that he could still smoke his cigar on a high-altitude flight.His Black DogThroughout his life, Churchill probably suffered from depression, which he called his black dog. At times, his depression was so severe that he didnt like standing close to a passing train or looking at the ocean from a ship because he feared that he would mit suicide.When he was depressed, Churchill would almost spend a great deal of time in bed and lose his ability to concentrate. However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning. He often described how all the colors e back into the picture.1. Why did Churchills security team insist on checking the cigars?A. To test if they were safe for Churchill.B. To see if they were of the best quality.C. To make sure they were Churchills favorite.D. To guarantee they were not out of date.2. Which of the following best shows Churchills love of cigars?A. He fell in love with cigars at a young age.B. He smoked many cigars every day.C. He invented the bellybando.D. He had an oxygen mask specially designed for smoking.3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. Churchill became energetic again.B. Churchill remained depressed.C. Churchill drew colorful pictures.D. Churchill liked to talk about colors.4. What is probably the best title of the passage?A. Achievements of ChurchillB. Anecdotes about ChurchillC. Personalities of ChurchillD. Hobbies of Churchill【文章大意】丘吉尔是英国最受欢迎的首相，文章介绍丘吉尔的一些奇闻轶事。1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison.可知，丘吉尔的安全部队坚持要检查雪茄，为了检测是否它们对丘吉尔是安全的。故选A。 3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning.可知，丘吉尔精力充沛的时候，经常工作和交谈直到凌晨。下文是他对精力充沛的描写。故选A。 4. B【解析】标题判断题。根据文章内容和第一段的句子While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.可知，文章主要介绍丘吉尔的奇闻轶事。故选B。二、七选五(2018云南省昆明市高三复习教学质量检测)How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot Eating a Chinese hot pot is a very mon experience. People gather around the pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings (调味品) and enjoying each others pany. _1_ Firstly，prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables. Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices. _2_ Choose any food that you enjoy. Some mon choices for a Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. _3_ Mushrooms of all kinds are also mon to Chinese hot pot preparations. _4_ At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. _5_ AFinally, arrange the seating reasonably.BNow es the turn to enjoy your hot pot!CIt will guarantee that the items will cook quickly and fully.DHere are some easy steps to make a Chinese hot pot at home.EFor more variety，consider dumplings，rice cakes and tangyuan.FPopular choices include：cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and tomato.GIt usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。吃火锅在中国是常见的，本文介绍了做火锅的步骤。1答案与解析：D根据该空位置并结合本文标题“How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot”可知，空处承上启下，引出下文对如何做火锅的叙述，故D项与此处匹配。2答案与解析：C根据前一句中的“cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices”可知，要将各种肉和鱼切成薄片，据此可以判断，这样就能保证食物能很快煮熟，故C项正确。3答案与解析：F根据前一句“Meanwhile，select，wash and prepare some vegetables”可知，同时要选择、清洗并准备一些蔬菜，据此可以判断，空处列举常见的用于火锅的蔬菜，故F项正确。4答案与解析：A根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段主题句；根据第二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并结合该段内容可知，该段介绍做火锅的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A项正确。5答案与解析：B根据空处所在的位置并结合语境可知，在火锅的各种准备工作完毕后，就应该开始享受了，故B项正确。三、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2018福州市高三毕业班适应性练习)Dear Ben，As graduation is draw near，Id like to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind.In the last three years，you had shared my joys and sorrows，making my school life unforgettable.I remember very much that you sent me to hospital when I had my left leg break.During the days when I had to stay in the bed，you forted me and helped me my lessons.It is your friendship which fills my life with sunshine.I hope my friendship will last forever and I also hope all your dreams will e truly in the future.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua【答案】Dear Ben，As graduation is near，Id like to express my sincere gratitude to you for your .In the last three years，you shared my joys and sorrows，making my school life unforgettable.I remember very that you sent me to hospital when I had my left leg .During the days when I had to stay in bed，you forted me and helped me my lessons.It is your friendship fills my life with sunshine.I hope friendship will last forever and I also hope all your dreams will e in the future.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua第一处：draw改为drawing。考查动词的时态。句意：随着毕业的临近，我想对你的善意表示由衷的感激。根据语境可知，该处用现在进行时表示按即将发生的动作。第二处：kind改为kindness。考查名词。根据形容词性物主代词“your”可知，该处用名词形式。第三处：had改为have。考查动词的时态。根据该句的时间状语“In the last three years”可知，此处表示动作从过去延续到现在并有可能延续下去，故用现在完成时。句意：在过去的三年时间里，你分享了我的快乐和忧伤，让我的学校生活令人难忘。第四处：much改为well。考查副词。句意：我清楚地记得，当我的左腿受伤时，你将我送到医院。由句意可知，该处表示“清楚地记得”，故将much改为well。第五处：break改为broken。考查过去分词。leg和动词break之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用have sth.done结构，故用过去分词。第六处：删除the。考查冠词。in bed为固定用法，意为“卧病在床”，故删除the。第七处：在my前加with。考查介词。句意：在我不得不卧病在床的那些天里，你安慰我并帮我补习功课。help sb.with lessons为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人补习功课”，故在my前加with。第八处：which改为that。考查强调句型。句意：是你的友谊让我的生命充满了阳光。分析该句结构可知，该句为强调句，被强调的部分是“your friendship”，故将which改为that。知识储备：强调句型的结构是：It is(was)被强调部分that (who)句子的其他成分。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。第九处：my改为our。考查代词。句意：我希望我们的友谊长存，我还希望你所有的梦想在将来都成为现实。根据句意可知，该处表示“我们的友谊”，故应用our。第十处：truly改为true。考查形容词。e true为固定搭配，意为“成为现实”，e在此处为系动词，后接形容词。四、语法填空(2018潍坊模拟)All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do. The stomach must have a time _1_ (rest) between meals. The other parts of the body require rest, too. This they _2_ (usual) get while we are asleep. We must not fail to give them enough rest, or they will soon get _3_ (wear) out and give us trouble. Sometimes, when people are not well _4_ tired out, they find they cannot sleep well _5_ night. A number of little things can contribute to a good sleep. A hot foot bath, _6_ draws the blood away from the brain, frequently will be found _7_ (benefit). A glass of hot milk or cocoa, _8_ (take) just before going to bed, often will have the same effect. If the sleeplessness is a result of indigestion(消化不良), a plain diet will relieve. Sleeping upon a hard bed without any pillow sometimes _9_ (produce) the desired effect. Always have plenty of fresh air in the room. Keep the mind free from the cares of the day. Never take any _10_ (sleep) tablets except upon the advice of a physician, for they usually contain drugs that will injure the heart.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类说明文。人体的各个器官都需要良好的休息。本文详细介绍了几条提高睡眠质量的方法。1答案与解析：to rest考查非谓语动词。句意为：胃必须用两餐之间的间隔时间来休息。have a time to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有时间去做某事”。故填to rest。2答案与解析：usually考查副词。空格处修饰动词get，故用形容词usual的副词形式usually。3答案与解析：worn考查过去分词。该句主语they指代第一段第三句中的“The other parts of the body”，和动词短语wear out之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，wear应用过去分词形式。故填worn。4答案与解析：or考查连词。根据语境可知，该句中的not well和空格后的tired out为选择关系，表示“或者”。故填or。5答案与解析：at考查介词。表示“在晚上”用固定短语at night。故填at。6答案与解析：which考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“A hot foot bath”，并在从句中作主语，所以用which引导该定语从句。故填which。7答案与解析：beneficial考查形容词。该句中的found为感官动词，在该处用作系动词，后应接形容词作表语，意为“有利的，有益的”。故填beneficial。8答案与解析：taken考查非谓语动词。该句中的主语“A glass of hot milk or cocoa”和动词take之间为被动关系，故用其过去分词作状语。故填taken。9答案与解析：produces/will produce考查动词的时态。句意为：在硬床上不垫任何枕头睡觉有时会达到你想要的效果。根据句意可知，该句陈述的是客观道理或预料将要发生的情况，故用一般现在时或一般将来时。故填produces/will produce。10答案与解析：sleeping考查名词。sleeping tablet意为“安眠药片”，相当于sleeping pill，为固定用法。故填sleeping。【长难句分析】All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do.(第一段第一句)分析：该句为主从复合句，句中“although each one has its special part to do”为although引导的让步状语从句。译文：人体的所有部位协同工作，尽管每个部位都有其特殊作用。
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