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Back to the past一、阅读理解。 Unless action is taken immediately,there is a good chance that all the oceans of the world will be dead by the year 2020.How can this possibly happen? We have already seen that people allow all sorts of waste products to flow into the sea.It is almost impossible to measure how much waste water and industrial waste end up in our oceans,but we can find out how much oil is poured into them legally and illegally.It is illegal to pour oil into the sea close to the shore,but when a ship is many miles out to sea there are no such rules.Scientists have different ideas as to the amount of oil put into the sea,but the lowest figure for oil poured in European waters alone is nearly 200,000 tons every year.Some people say the figure could be ten times as high. It is not only our coasts that suffer from oil pollution.Among other things,many shell fish (creatures which live in water,and have a hard shell)oysters and mussels,for examplenow have high amounts of poisonous substances.Next time you have shell fish to eat,how can you be sure that they are free from oil pollution?You cannot see the effects and you cannot taste them,either.It is really quite a problem.1.This passage is mainly about_.A.pollution in the oceansB.the amounts of oil in the seaC.the amounts of poison in shell fishD.oil pollution in the waters2.According to the passage,what is the main cause of oil pollution?A.Oil ships which meet and strike each other.B.Oil poured at sea when the oil tanks are cleaned out.C.Oil ing out of the bottom of the sea.D.Oil from waste water and industrial waste.3.Which of the following is illegal?A.Pouring oil into the sea from land,especially when there is no other choice.B.Allowing waste materials to flow into the waters.C.Pouring oil at seaside.D.Going fishing when the water is polluted by oil.参考答案： 1.D; 2.D; 3.C解析： 本文说明的是海水的污染问题之一:向海中倾倒油所导致的污染。如果不立刻采取措施的话,在2020年之前所有的海洋就极有可能都变成死水一潭。1.D 主旨大意题。本文说明的是向海中倾倒油所导致的污染。2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段“It is almost impossible to measure how much waste water and industrial waste end up in our oceans.”可知,这些油来自污水和工业废物。3.C 细节理解题。根据第二段“It is illegal to pour oil into the sea close to the shore”可知选C项。二、单项选择。1.Our hearts sank at the news that a pipeline _ in Qindao and 62 people couldnt survive the disaster.A. removeB. explodedC. reserve D. attacked 【答案】B【解析】句意：听到青岛输油管爆炸的消息我们的心沉下去了，62个人不能幸免于这场灾难。exploded“爆炸”，符合句意。remove移除，reserve储备，attack袭击。2._ is no doubt _ Jennifer will e to see me this weekend as usual.A. It, that B. It, whetherC. There, that D. There, whether【答案】C【解析】doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中，其后从句常用whether引导；在否定句和疑问句中使用that引导从句。There is no/little doubt that.是常用句式。句意：毫无疑问珍妮佛这个周末会像往常一样来看我。3.He turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror with a serious, studied _ that soon changed into a smile.A. impressionB. expressionC. conclusionD. information【答案】B【解析】句意：他在镜子面前转过来调过去地打量着自己，脸上严肃的表情不一会儿就变成了微笑。impression印象；expression表情，表达；conclusion总结；information信息。4.Mr. Green is always devoted to his work and has a sense of responsibility. Thats why he was asked to _ the pany when managers health was declining.A. take over B. hand overC. turn over D. trip over【答案】A【解析】句意：格林先生工作上很投入且富有责任心，那也是为什么当经理身体不好时让请他掌管公司的原因所在。take over接管，掌管；hand over移交；turn over移交，翻阅；trip over绊倒。5.John is appointed to attend the meeting in place of the manager, who has _ flu.A. e up with B. e down toC. e down with D. e up against【答案】C【解析】句意：约翰被派去代替经理参加会议，经理得了流感。e down with患(病)，符合题意。e up with提出，想出；e down to归根结底，可归结为；e up against面对，遭到的反对。6.Perhaps the most visible sign of the _ of private wealth in China tries hard not to be visible at all - the private bodyguard.A. introduction B. explosion C. immigration D. investment【答案】B【解析】句意：在中国，私人财富暴增最明显的迹象大概正是富人试图努力不让人察觉的私人保镖。explosion意为“突增，激增”，符合语境。introduction介绍；immigration移居，移民人数；investment投资。7.There is some doubt among people_$ 749 is too much for an iphone4. A. that B. whether C. what D. if【答案】B【解析】句意：许多人怀疑是否花749美元买个苹果四太多了。There is some doubt whether.是个固定句型， doubt是名词，后面跟whether引导的同位语从句。8.By doing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to _ myself clearly.A. expressB. exposeC. enquireD. distribute【答案】A【解析】express 表达；expose泄露，透露，expose sth. to sb.将某事暴露给；enquire 询问；distribute 分发。句意：这么做，我不仅可以跟别人分享好的想法，还可以学会清楚地表达自己。9. As we know, keeping positive is beneficial to the process of our work and study. You can say that again. Struggle not to let negative ideas _.A. take overB. take off C. take onD. take up【答案】A【解析】take over接管，控制；take off起飞，成名；take on呈现；take up从事；句意：“正如我们知道的那样，保持乐观对于我们的工作和学习的过程都有好处。”“你可以再重复这句话。努力不让消极的想法左右你(控制你)。”10.Four dollars a pair? I think its a bit too much.If you buy three pairs, the price for each will _ to three fifty.A. e down B. take downC. turn over D. go over【答案】A【解析】句意：“四美元一双？我觉得有点贵了。”“如果你买三双，每双降价到三点五美元。”e down下来，降低；take down记下；turn over移交给，把反过来；go over重温，复习。11. As a teenager, our son should have two or three hobbies to be really happy._, but how can he afford the time with so much homework every day?A. So does he B. So he doesC. So should heD. So he should【答案】D12.The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone【答案】B【解析】动词seem之后用不定式，排除CD项；to do表将来，to have done表完成。根据句意“引擎就是发动不起来，看起来好像出了什么毛病”可知答案为B。13.Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.A. is B. are C. was D. were【答案】A【解析】主语“students inner motivation”表示单数意义，所以谓语动词用单数，并且叙述的是现在的状态，所以用一般现在时，故选A。句意：通常情况，学生的从别人对他们高的期望获得的内在动机对他们的发展至关重要。14.It is Jim, together with his cousins, that _ for this terrible accident.A. is blamedB. is to blameC. are to blameD. should blame【答案】B【解析】本句是强调句，主语是Jim，together with his cousins是同位语，故后面的谓语动词应与前面的Jim一致；其次是blame一词表示“受到责备”，动作还未发生，故应用不定式，故选B项适合。句意：正是吉米和他的表兄弟们应该为那起严重的事故负责。15.Not only John and Tom but also their younger sister, Mary, _ great interest in the piano lessons.A. take B. takes C. have taken D. had taken【答案】B【解析】not onlybut also连接的并列结构作主语，适用于就近原则，本句的主语是their younger sister，Mary是their younger sister的同位语，指的是同一个人，故谓语动词用单数。句意：不仅约翰和汤姆而且他们的妹妹玛丽对钢琴课很感兴趣。三、完形填空。A homeless man walked up to me and asked me for some small change, “ Ill give you a quarter if you tell me your story,” I said. He laughed, “Youll give me a quarter for my story? I laid the 1 in front of him and 2 myself “No, heres the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.” Seeing him lost in 3 , I sat down next to him and waited. “ I was once a sniper(狙击手)in the army.” he said. “ I was 4 to shoot down the enemy from the distance.” I listened attentively as he 5 his story. He told me how he 6 to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own 7 to respecting animals by not killing more than be needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt 8 and joined up. All those years of developing his hunting skills could now serve a larger 9 to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to 10 at the front. “ I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone.” he continued. “One day they asked me to 11 a lady from the distance. I saw the kids near her and my hands were on the trigger(扳机). But I couldnt 12 it. She wasnt doing anything to anyone and she was 13 the kidsI couldnt see through my tears. It just didnt make any 14 to me. ” The story went on as he described 15 being put into prison for 180 days for 16 to follow orders. “ I have no 17 ,” he said. “ I may be homeless now, 18 I never killed that lady.” He continued, “ I can live with being homeless, but I wouldnt be able to stand killing 19 people.”On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never 20 to me that a hero could be a smelly old sniper. 语篇解读：本文介绍了一位曾在部队服役的狙击手的故事。狙击手在一次战斗中因为拒绝执行枪杀一位带着孩子的妇女的命令，被判处180天监禁。出狱后却找不到工作，沦为街头乞丐。但是他却一直不后悔自己的行为。他是一位真正的英雄。1.A. note B. coin C. dollar D. wallet 【答案】B 2.A. blamed B. remended C. corrected D. rescued【答案】C 【解析】A. blamed责备；B. remend推荐；C. corrected改正，纠正；D. rescued营救，援救。此处指作者意识到自己做错了(指把钱放在那个无家可归的人的前面的地上)，就赶紧改正(从下文所说的话，作者是把钱递给了那个无家可归的人)。3.A. argument B. action C. consideration D. thought【答案】D【解析】A. argument争论；B. action行动；C. consideration考虑；D. thought想法。lost in thought“陷入沉思”。4.A. observed B. supposed C. reminded D. determined【答案】B【解析】A. observed观察； B. supposed假定；C. reminded 提醒，使想起；D. determined决定。be supposed to应该，被期望。此处指“期望我能从远处开枪击倒敌人”。5.A. expanded on B. checked on C. counted on D. fixed on【答案】A【解析】A. expanded on详细阐述，进一步阐述；B. checked on检查，调查；C. counted on指望，依靠，依赖；D. fixed on确定，决定。这儿是说“详细阐述他的故事，即展开他的故事”。6.A. desired B. wished C. failed D. used【答案】D【解析】A. desired渴望；B. wished希望；C. failed失败；D. used使用。此处狙击手讲过去的事，used to过去常常。7. A. methodB. meansC. way D. approach【答案】D8.A. annoyed B. honored C. astonished D. confused【答案】B【解析】A. annoyed烦恼的；B. honored光荣的；C. astonished吃惊的；D. confused困惑的。上文说“部队来征兵时(the army came knocking on his door转义为部队来征兵)”，说明他想参军，感到参军很光荣，所以就入伍了。9.A. group B. business C. purpose D. result【答案】C【解析】A. group组；B. business商业；C. purpose目的；D. result结果。此处指多年的军队练习使他能实现更大的目的，保护人民。10.A. serve B. hunt C. aim D. survive【答案】A 【解析】A. serve服务；B. hunt打猎；C. aim 目的在于； D. survive生存。此处指他去前线服役，为国服务。11.A. murder B. fight C. shoot D. recognize【答案】C 【解析】A. murder谋杀；B. fight打仗；C. shoot射杀；D. recognize认出。此处指：开枪射杀一位女士。12.A. remain B. fire C. make D. decide【答案】C【解析】A. remain保持；B. fire点燃；C. make it做成，成功；D. decide决定。此处指狙击手想到这位女士是无辜的，所以就没下手，没做成。故选C.13.A. besides B. along C. inside D. among【答案】D【解析】A. besides除外；B. along沿着；C. inside在内；D. among在中间。此处指这位女 士在孩子们中间。14. A. useB. reason C. valueD. sense【答案】D【解析】make sense 意为“有意义”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。此处指“射杀那位女士对我来说没有任何 意义”。15.A. gradually B. eventually C. deliberately D. desperately【答案】B【解析】A. gradually逐渐地；B. eventually 最后；C. deliberately故意地；D. desperately拼命地。此处指 最后他被判处180天监禁。16.A. managing B. failing C. hesitating D. forgetting【答案】B【解析】A. managing管理；B. failing失败(fail to do sth.没有能够做某事)；C. hesitating犹豫；D. forgetting 忘记。此处讲他被判处180天监禁的原因是他没有服从命令。17.A. ideas B. attempts C. regrets D. feelings【答案】C18.A. however B. rather than C. but D. contrary to【答案】C【解析】A. however然而，B. rather than而不是；C. but 但是；D. contrary to和相反。前句为我现在无家可归，后句为我没杀害无辜者。上下文之间为转折关系，故but。however表示让步关系。19. A. considerable B. considerate C. innocent D. ignorant【答案】C【解析】A. considerable相当大(或多)的；B. considerate体贴的，体谅的，深思熟虑的；C. innocent无辜的；D. ignorant无知的。这里是说：我可以忍受无家可归，但我不能忍受杀害无辜者。20.A. happened B. seemed C. attached D. occurred【答案】D【解析】occur to sb.某人突然想到。这里是说：我从没想到一个又老又脏的狙击手竟然是个英雄。四、七选五。The book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It by Deborah Cohen, a senior natural scientist, is very popular now. 1 But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.1. If youre obese, blame your genes. 2 Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.2. If youre obese, you lack self-control.Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet. 3 Even the most vigilant(警觉的) people may not be good controllers of themselves.3. 4 Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the food deserts, about 65 percent of the nations population is obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we dont exercise.Michelle Obamas Lets Move campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. 5 In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.A. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is a cause of obesity.B. Obesity rates have increased.C. Fresh fruits and vegetables we choose in a supermarket are related to obesity.D. But there was no obvious decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and1990s.E. People hold different views on obesity.F. People benefit a lot from physical activities.G. Our world has bee so rich in food that we can be led to consume too much in ways we cant understand.【语篇解读】肥胖是现代社会的主要问题之一。Deborah Cohen 的A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It一书中，作者介绍了人们对肥胖问题的几种误解。1.E 【解析】根据下句由转折意义的内容But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.（但该书认为下面几点是关于肥胖的几点误解）可知，人们对肥胖问题观点不一，故E项正确。2.B 【解析】根据下句内容Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.（然而，在1980年到2000年，美国肥胖的人数就翻了一番。该速度太快，可见肥胖并非遗传因素所致）可知，此处表示肥胖比例有所增加，故B项正确。3.G 【解析】根据上句Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.（研究表明，如果我们面临太多信息，我们很可能会就节食作出糟糕的选择）可知，该句应表示我们现在的食物如此丰富以致于我们会被引导以自己难以想象的方式去消耗食物，故选G项。5.D 【解析】根据下句although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.（尽管跟工作相关的体力活动减少导致人们少燃烧多达100卡路里，但休闲体力活动似乎有所增加）可知，在二十世纪八十年代和九十年代，人们的体力活动并未明显减少，故选D项。
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