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Unit 4 Helping people around the world一、阅读理解。Beijings Forbidden City is a place full of wonder. From its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts, theres no wonder its one of Chinas most popular tourist destinations.But even more than 600 years after it was built, its still managing to serve up surprises. Since it was built during the Ming Dynasty, its estimated that the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes. And while most structures arent made to survive natural disasters, let alone ones built hundreds of years ago, it seems that the Forbidden City was built to withstand anything.A recent television documentary by UK broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient buildings designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and engineers were shown building a scale model (成比例模型) of one of the Forbidden Citys palaces, at one fifth of the size.To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. It was subjected to a simulated (模拟的) earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale equivalent to the largest ever recorded quake and survived. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved gently during the test.According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden Citys strength, as well as other ancient Chinese structures, lies in dougong a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings. Despite being held together without any nails or glue, the brackets are perfect at keeping structures together when the weather gets rough.“Dougong design is an important earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure, much like the shock absorbers (减震器) of a car,” according to Chinese National Geography.“Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures that were both enduring and aesthetically (在美学方面) pleasing using dougong, revealing their advanced understanding of mathematics, architecture, materials, and structural science.”The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and cultural significance, but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.1. What is the article mainly about?A.What has made the Forbidden City a popular tourist destination.B.What has helped the Forbidden City survive so many earthquakes.C.The characteristics of Chinese architecture during the Ming Dynasty.D.A variety of building methods used in ancient Chinese structures.2. Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “was subjected to” in Paragraph 4?A. sufferedB. was controlled byC. obeyedD. was affected by3. What was the aim of the test in the UK documentary?A. To reproduce a real earthquake from the Ming Dynasty.B. To discover a long-lost Chinese building methodC. To explain the impact of earthquakes on ancient buildings.D. To prove the strength of ancient Chinese architecture.4. What is “dougong” according to the text?A. A paint that gives Chinese buildings an attractive look.B. A tool used by ancient people to measure earth-quakes.C. Special building parts that keep a traditional Chinese building together,D. A building piece located in the center of a traditional Chinese house.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了紫禁城的斗拱设计帮助它能够在多次地震中幸存。1. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是倒数第二段中的“Dougong design is an important earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure”可知，紫禁城的斗拱设计帮助它能够在多次地震中幸存。3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. ”可知，测试的目的是证明中国古建筑的抗震性。4. C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“dougong a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings.”可知，斗拱是连接中国传统建筑物的一个特殊部件。二、单项选择。1.It is urgent that immediate measures _ should be taken to stop the situation.A. are taken B. would be taken C. be taken D. should take【答案】C【解析】It is urgent that.(should) do.； “措施被采取”用被动语态。句意：很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.2.If we do not receive payment by the end of this month, we will have no alternative but to take legal action.A. do nothing but to take B. have no alternative but takeC. have no choice but to take D. have nothing to do but to take【答案】B【解析】have no alternative but to do=have no choice but to do sth.“ 除外别无选择” ，符合题意。句意：如果在本月底我们仍未收到货款，我们别无选择，只能采取法律行动。3._ the instant message servicerWeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends for everyday munication.A. In need of B. By means of C. In place of D. On behalf of【答案】B【解析】by means of “借助于”，符合句意。in need of 需要；in place of 代替，取代；on behalf of 代表。句意：借助于即时消息服务商微信，我们可以和朋友们保持联系，进行日常交流。4.China has made a _ to do all she can to help the tsunami-hit regions of Asia.A. devotion B. mitment C. allowance D. bination【答案】B【解析】make a mitment 作出承诺；devotion 忠心，献身；allowance 津贴，补助；bination 联合。句意：中国作出承诺竭尽全力帮助亚洲受海啸袭击的地区。5.The _ hills around remind the villagers of the importance of protecting the environment.A. blank B. bare C. vacant D. empty【答案】B【解析】blank 空白的；bare 赤裸的，光秃的；vacant 空着的，未被占用的；empty 空的；没人居住的。句意：周围光秃的山提醒村民们保护环境的重要性。6.Sam began to do his homework without numerous _ or a major search through his crowded backpack.A. occasions B. reminders C. rules D. suggestions【答案】B【解析】occasion 时机，机会；reminder 暗示，提醒；rule 规则；suggestion 建议。句意：不需要多提醒，也不用在塞满东西的背包找半天作业本，萨姆就开始做起了作业。7.For a temporary or long storage of the product, please make _ to the storage section indications.A. difference B. conclusion C. reference D. decision【答案】B【解析】make (a) reference to 参阅，谈到。句意：对于产品的临时储存和长期储存，请参阅储存说明。8.To improve spoken English, Lucy _ at least one hour each day to recite English texts.A. sets off B. sets aside C. sets down D. sets out【答案】B【解析】sets off 送行；sets aside 留出；sets down 写下；sets out 开始。句意：为了提高英语口语，露西每天留出一小时的时间来背诵英语课文。9.With the night falling, the crowd gathering around the accident scene began to _.A. break up B. break down C. break out D. break away【答案】A【解析】句意：随着夜幕降临，聚集在事故现场的人群开始散去。break up 散(会)，解散，(人群)散开，破碎；break down 出毛病，失灵，分解，感情失控；break out 爆发；break away 逃脱。10._ tell me your answer now. Give it some thought and then let me know.A. There used to B. That need not to C. There happened to D. There is no need to【答案】A【解析】There is no need to do 没有必要做某事。句意：现在没必要就给我答复。思考一下，然后告诉我。11.Today acupuncture, the art of “magic needles”, has bee popular round the world, _ have othertraditional Chinese medicines.A. so B. as C. that D. which【答案】B【解析】as 表示像一样，引导定语从句。as 在从句中作主语，指代前面所说的内容。句意：今天针灸已经在世界上受到广泛的欢迎，像其它中国传统医学一样。12.Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.A. that B. this C. it D. her【答案】C【解析】本句中的 it 是一个形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的宾语从句 that she wished to make a new life for herself.句意：苏珊向我说清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。英语中能够作为形式宾语的只有 it。故C 正确。13.She would be much healthier now _ with that much pressure from work when young.A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdenedC. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened【答案】A【解析】根据 when young 可知，从句是对过去事实的假设，由 now 可知主句是对现在事实的假设，而在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有 had、were 或者 should，可以将 if 省略，然后将 had、were 或者 should 提前，构成虚拟语气句的倒装。句意：如果不是她年轻时工作压力过大，她现在就会更加健康了。14.If you had listened to me, we _ at the party. Move over. Ill drive.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been【答案】C【解析】句意：要是当初你听我的，那么我们现在就在聚会现场了。你挪过去，我来开车。if 从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，而本空表示与现在的实际情况相反的假设，说话人此时还在路上，因此用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。15.Thank God! The accident was avoided after all.That was lucky, but ten inches nearer the two cars _?A. was destroyed B. would be destroyedC. would have been destroyed D. had been destroyed【答案】C【解析】根据 The accident was avoided after all.可知两辆车被毁了是不真实的，这里的 ten inches nearer 是遗憾的虚拟条件， 相当于： If they had been ten inches nearer， 因为是对过去的事情的虚拟， 用 would have done。句意：“谢天谢地，事故毕竟被避免了。”“那是很幸运的，但是再近 10 英寸，两辆车就被毁了。”16.I didnt see you at the concert last week. What a pity!If only I _ the time.A. afford B. afforded C. had afforded D. would afford【答案】C【解析】句意：“很遗憾！上周的音乐会上没有看到你。”“如果我抽得出时间就好了。”从第一句话看出答话者没有去听音乐会，根据答语可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，因此选 C。17.I could have finished my self-reflection last weekend, but the math classes and exercises _ all my spare time.A. take up B. had taken up C. took up D. had been taking up【答案】C【解析】句意：我本可以在上周末就完成反思整理工作的，但数学课和练习占据了我所有的业余时间。从句为含蓄条件句，but 构成并列句，以真实的情况表示隐含的虚拟条件。18.Without the leadership of our Party and our Government, we _ these splendid results.A. havent achieved B. wouldnt have achievedC. shouldnt achieve D. would not achieve【答案】B【解析】本题是一个使用 without 的含蓄虚拟语气句，根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以主句用would have done 结构。句意：如果没有我们党和政府的领导，我们就不会取得这些辉煌的成就。19.What happened to the young trees we planted last week?The trees _ well, but I didnt water them.A. might grow B. must have grown C. would have grown D. would grow【答案】C【解析】根据 but 后的分句可知空格处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，补全原句为：If I had watered them, the trees would have grown well， but I didnt water them.句意： “我们上周种的小树怎么了？” “ (如果我浇水的话)那些树会长得很好，但是我没浇水。 ”20.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did, set B. had done, should be setC. do, be set D. had done, must be set【答案】B【解析】insist 后面跟从句，如果从句中的动作已经发生或状态已经存在，谓语动词就不能用虚拟语气，如果从句中的动作没有发生，谓语动词就用虚拟语气。句意：那个年轻人坚持说她没有做错什么事，并坚持认为他应该获得释放。21.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, _ themselves.A. expanding B. stretching C. prolonging D. extending【答案】B【解析】expand 扩张，使膨胀，详述；stretch 伸展，张开；stretch oneself 伸懒腰，伸展身体， prolong拖延，延长；extend 延伸，扩大，伸出。句意：做完了上午的工作，职员们站在桌子后面伸懒腰。22.Chinese laws say employees may not work more than 8 hours a day but permit work hours to be _ in some cases, where employers must be sure the workers do not bee tired.A. expanded B. enlarged C. extended D. exploited【答案】C【解析】expand 扩张；enlarge 扩大，放大；extend 延长，伸展；exploit 开拓，剥削，开采。句意：中国法律规定员工每天工作时间可以不超过 8 小时，但是法律允许在某些情况下延长工作时间，在此类情况下雇主必须确保工人不会感到劳累。三、完形填空。From an early age, Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up. But no matter how much he studied and took tests, he was never 1 to fly in space. 2 ， he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests. In other words, he would never be able to fulfill his 3 Thinking about all the time and 4 Parker had put into trying to be an astronaut, people felt 5 for him. Despite what he was told about having to 6 his ambition, Parker continued training and studying， 7 he was going to have the tests the next month.He 8 as he got older, and when he was a very old man he heard that they were doing some very important 9 experiments. For those experiments they needed a very 10 astronaut. Parker, who walked with a 11 ， was the only old man in the whole world who was 12 to fly in a rocket. Therefore, Parker found himself flying in 13 ， all with the help of science. It was clear that the 14 gained during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people, and Parker was 15 as a hero.Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick and no teeth 16 all over the world, and became a 17 of how you can never train or learn too much. It showed that 18 effort always brings 19 even though it may not be in the form we had first 20 【解题导语】Parker从小立志做一名宇航员，却一直未实现自己的梦想。但他从未放弃希望，一如既往地进行飞行训练。终于在年老时实现了自己的愿望。1A.noticedBselectedCinvitedDpermittedB解析：根据下文中的“he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests”可知，此处指他从来没有被选(selected)去太空飞行。2A.SecretlyBSuddenlyCLuckilyDFinallyD解析：最后，Parker已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄。finally “最终，终于”。3A.dreamBtaskCneedDbeliefA解析：文章开头谈及Parker的梦想，因为他已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄，所以他永远也无法实现他的梦想(dream)。4A.reputationBpowerCeffortDpracticeC解析：根据第一段中的“But no matter how much he studied and took tests”可知，Parker付出了很多时间和努力(effort)。人们一想到Parker为成为宇航员所付出的时间和努力就为他感到遗憾(sorry)。5A.happyBsorryCnervousDcalmB解析：参见上题解析。6A.ignoreBforgetCdevelopDabandonD解析：尽管有人告诉Parker，他不得不放弃(abandon) 他的目标，但他还是继续训练和学习，好像(as if)下个月他要参加测试似的。7A.so thatBnow thatCas ifDeven thoughC解析：参见上题解析。8A.carried onBtook onCturned offDgot offA解析：Parker继续(学习和训练)。carry on“继续做，坚持干”，符合语境。9A.electricalBphysicalCmedicalDpoliticalC解析：根据下文中的“during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people”可知，Parker得知他们在太空做医学实验。medical“医疗的”，符合语境。electrical“用电的”；physical“物理学的”；political“政治的”。10A.sickBexperiencedCactiveDoldD解析：根据语境可知，他们需要一位年纪大的(old) 宇航员。11A.mapBstickCguideDcandleB解析：根据下文中的“Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick”可知，当时Parker走路需要拐杖。a walking stick“拐杖”。12A.plannedBtrainedCforcedDallowedB解析：根据上文内容可知，Parker参加训练就是为了能够在太空飞行。故B项符合语境。13A.silenceBdangerCactionDspaceD解析：根据语境可知，此处指Parker参加实验后，发现自己在太空(space)飞行。14A.knowledgeBexperienceCmoneyDopportunityA解析：在那些任务中所获得的知识(knowledge)有助于治愈老人们最严重的疾病之一。15A.replacedBeducatedCpraisedDaffectedC解析：Parker被人们称赞(praised)为一位英雄。replace“代替”；educate“教育”；affect“影响”。16A.movedBflewCspreadDtookC解析：这位拄着拐杖且没有牙齿的宇航员的照片在全世界传播(spread) 开来。17A.symbolBmarkCcaseDdoubtA解析：Parker的照片成了一种象征(symbol)你再怎么多得去学习和训练都不为过。18A.desperateBpersistentCcautiousDapparentB解析：这表明坚持不懈的(persistent) 努力总会带来回报(reward)。 desperate“绝望的”；cautious“小心的”，apparent“显而易见的”。19A.awardBprizeCresultDrewardD解析：参见上题解析。20A.expectedBguessedCsuggestedDprovedA解析：坚持不懈的努力总会带来回报，尽管它不是我们最初所期待(expected)的那种形式。四、七选五。The exam period is always a stressful time and it does not do justice to our mindset(思维模式)and our physical body._1_ Yet you have no fear because there are ways to keep a healthy mind and healthy body.Whether you are planning your week or planning your day of study，a revision timetable will keep you focused.This will make it a lot less difficult to achieve glorious high marks._2_ Besides，you also enjoy the satisfaction you get as a result of pleting the most impossible timetable._3_ They can increase your confidence and make you work more fruitfully.Unfortunately，the work does not stop after perfecting the revision timetable._4_ So it is fundamental that you choose to study in a quiet place，making sure that any disturbance is out of sight.However，the one mistake we all make is where we sit down，plant our heads into our books and remain in the same position until the sun goes down._5_ Therefore，it is vital that you get some fresh air throughout the day.These breaks help to absorb what you have learnt and help avoid information overload.AWe all suffer pressure in various ways.BPressure can help promote a sense of timing.CA timetable serves as the guide for your life.DIt will also direct your efforts in the right direction.EThere is of course a limit to how long you can concentrate.FIts easier to get motivated but harder to remain concentrated.GStrict deadlines and time management techniques are necessary.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了应对考试季压力的方法。【难句分析】However，the one mistake we all make is where we sit down，plant our heads into our books and remain in the same position until the sun goes down.分析：本句是一个复合句。we all make是定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语而省略，修饰先行词mistake; where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语；until引导时间状语从句。译文：然而，我们都犯的一个错误是，我们坐下来，埋头读书，并且保持同一个姿势直到太阳落山。1A该空承接上文中的“The exam period is always a stressful time and it does not do justice to our mindset(思维模式)and our physical body”并根据语境可推知，因为考试季的压力，我们在各个方面都深受其苦，所以选A项。2D根据上文中的“This will make it a lot less difficult to achieve glorious high marks”可推知，此处表示复习时间表的好处，并要起到承上启下的作用，D项“它也能够引导你朝正确的方向做出努力”符合语境，所以选D项。3G根据上文中的“Besides, you also enjoy the satisfaction you get as a result of pleting the most impossible timetable”可推知，要想完成最不可能完成的时间表上的任务，严格的期限和时间管理技巧是非常有必要的，所以选G项。4F根据下文中的“So it is fundamental that you choose to study in a quiet place，making sure that any disturbance is out of sight”可推知，获得动力很容易，但保持注意力集中却很难，因此避免干扰，选择一个安静的环境是很关键的，所以选F项。5E根据下文中的“These breaks help to absorb what you have learnt and help avoid information overload”可推知，注意力集中的时间是有一定限度的，因此可以中间稍事休息一下，所以选E项。
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