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Unit 2Healthy eating一、阅读理解AA new study has found the amount of antibiotics (抗生素) given to farm animals is expected to increase by twothirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs. However, the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticresistant infections (感染). Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States.The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困), the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. With the rapid development of Asia, people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago.To meet the need, farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually.Nowadays, doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work. The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs. The heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Each year in the United States, at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections.Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.【文章大意】本文主要围绕在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响展开。【难句分析】 The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money. 分析：本句为复合句。notes后接省略了连接词that的宾语从句；该宾语从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句when people stop living in poverty; they want to do 为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰the first thing; rather than连接的并列结构在宾语从句中作表语。 译文：世界卫生组织指出，当人们摆脱贫穷之后，他们想做的第一件事情就是吃得好点，而不是挣更多的钱。1. What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals? AThe desire for new drugs.BThe less effective antibiotics.CThe outdated farm technology. DThe need for more various foods.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs.”可知，研究人员认为用于农场动物身上的抗生素的数量增加与人们对各种不同的食物的需求增加有关，故选D项。2. What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO?AMaking a lot of money.BFocusing more on health.CHaving more meat in their diet.DLiving in a better environment.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living poverty(贫困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat.”可知，C项正确。3 What can be inferred from the passage? AAntibiotics do harm to animals. BAntibiotics help animals stay healthy.CAntibiotics are used heavily in Europe. DAntibioticresistant bacteria spread to people.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。结合第四段中的“Each year in the United States, at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections.”可推知，抗生素耐药细菌传播到了人身上，故选D。由第三段中的“Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster.”可知，A项表述有误，可排除；由最后一段中的“Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth.”可知C项表述错误，可排除；B项最具干扰性，因为B项本身是正确的，但是B项是文中的明确信息，不需要推断得出，而题干所要求的选项需要经过推理判断得来，所以B项不符合题意。诸如B项这类本身正确，但不满足题干要求的选项是考生做题时需要特别留意的。4. Whats the passage mainly about? AThe negative effect of antibiotics on farm animals.BThe advantages of using antibiotics.CThe reason for banning the use of antibiotics. DA new way of raising farm animals.答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。结合文章内容可以看出，本文主要说的是在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响，故选A项。BIn 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher gave the class an assignment to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up.Jeans father was a crop dusting pilot in the little farming munity in Northern California where she was raised, and Jean was very interested in airplanes and flying. She poured her heart into her report and included all of her dreams. She wanted to be a crop dusting pilot, make parachute jumps(跳伞), and be an airline pilot. Her paper came back with an F on it. The teacher told her it was a fairy tale and that none of the occupations she listed were womens jobs. Jean was devastated and humiliated.One day in her senior year of high school, her English teacher Mrs Dorothy Slaton gave the class an assignment. If you had unlimited money, unlimited access to the finest schools, and unlimited talents and abilities, what would you do? Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrote down all her old dreams. The teacher leaned forward over her desk and said, You do have unlimited abilities and talents. When you leave school, if you dont go for your dreams, no one will do it for you. You can have what you want if you want it enough.The hurt and fear of years of discouragement went away because of what Mrs Slaton had said. Jean felt excited and a little scared. She stayed after class and went up to the teachers desk. Jean thanked Mrs Slaton and told her about her dream of being a pilot. Mrs Slaton half rose and slapped the desk top. Then do it! she said.So Jean did. It didnt happen overnight. It took her 10 years of hard work. It wasnt in Jeans nature to stand up for herself when someone refused or humiliated her. Instead, she would quietly try to find another way.She became a private pilot and then flew planes as a co-pilot (副驾驶员). In 1978, she became one of the first three female pilot trainees ever accepted by United Airlines and one of the only 50 women airline pilots in the nation at that time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain for United Airlines.1.When Jean Harper was in the third grade, _.A.it was mon for women to be airline pilotsB. her father advised her to be a pilot like him in the futureC. she was unsure about what she wanted to be when she grew upD. she was deeply hurt by her teachers ment on her dreams2.What was Mrs Slatons reaction when she learned about Jean Harpers dream?A. Encouraging Jean to do what she wanted to.B. Offering Jean as much help as she could.C. Persuading Jean to give up her dream.D. Making Jean aware of all the possible difficulties.3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. How Jean Harper achieved her flying dream.B. Jean Harpers great achievements in flying.C. The hardships Jean Harper experienced when trying to be a pilot.D. Jean Harpers determination to pursue her dream.4.What gave Jean Harper enough strength and faith to pursue her dream?A. Her fathers influence on her.B. Mrs Slatons support.C. Her decision to stand up for herself.D.A teachers humiliation when she was in the third grade.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了Jean Harper如何在英语老师的鼓励下，实现了当一名飞行员的梦想。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的Jean was devastated and humiliated和第四段中的The hurt and fear of years of discouragement可知答案为D。3.B 【解析】段落大意题。最后一段主要讲述了Jean Harper在飞行方面的成就，所以答案为B。4.B 【解析】推理判断题。文中提到的Jean Harper的两位老师，一位打击她的梦想，让她几乎对此丧失信心；另一位老师给她无限的信心，让她相信自己，坚持追寻梦想，所以答案为B。二、七选五(2018云南省昆明市高三复习教学质量检测)How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot Eating a Chinese hot pot is a very mon experience. People gather around the pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings (调味品) and enjoying each others pany. _1_ Firstly，prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables. Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices. _2_ Choose any food that you enjoy. Some mon choices for a Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. _3_ Mushrooms of all kinds are also mon to Chinese hot pot preparations. _4_ At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. _5_ AFinally, arrange the seating reasonably.BNow es the turn to enjoy your hot pot!CIt will guarantee that the items will cook quickly and fully.DHere are some easy steps to make a Chinese hot pot at home.EFor more variety，consider dumplings，rice cakes and tangyuan.FPopular choices include：cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and tomato.GIt usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。吃火锅在中国是常见的，本文介绍了做火锅的步骤。1答案与解析：D根据该空位置并结合本文标题“How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot”可知，空处承上启下，引出下文对如何做火锅的叙述，故D项与此处匹配。2答案与解析：C根据前一句中的“cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices”可知，要将各种肉和鱼切成薄片，据此可以判断，这样就能保证食物能很快煮熟，故C项正确。3答案与解析：F根据前一句“Meanwhile，select，wash and prepare some vegetables”可知，同时要选择、清洗并准备一些蔬菜，据此可以判断，空处列举常见的用于火锅的蔬菜，故F项正确。4答案与解析：A根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段主题句；根据第二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并结合该段内容可知，该段介绍做火锅的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A项正确。5答案与解析：B根据空处所在的位置并结合语境可知，在火锅的各种准备工作完毕后，就应该开始享受了，故B项正确。三、短文改错Last weekend I went on a ecotravel with a travel agency.All the way we appreciate the beautiful scenery and fresh air，so a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.What was worse，many tourists threw rubbishes here and there.I dont think that it is a truly ecotravel.An ecotravel not only allows us to express our love for nature，but needs our responsibility as well as.A real ecotravel should like this：take nothing away but your good memory；leave nothing behind but all cleaner water and green trees.Enjoyed the beauty of nature，we should try their best to protect it.【答案】Last weekend I went on ecotravel with a travel agency.All the way we the beautiful scenery and fresh air， a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.What was worse，many tourists threw here and there.I dont think that it is a ecotravel.An ecotravel not only allows us to express our love for nature，but needs our responsibility as well .A real ecotravel should like this：take nothing away but your good memory；leave nothing behind but all water and green trees. the beauty of nature，we should try best to protect it.第一处：aan。考查冠词。ecotravel的读音以元音音素开头，所以用an。第二处：appreciateappreciated。考查时态。根据时间状语Last weekend可知，应用一般过去时。第三处：sobut。考查连词。一路上我们欣赏美丽的景色，但是有人摘花。前后表示转折关系，故用but。第四处：rubbishesrubbish。考查名词。rubbish作“垃圾”讲，为不可数名词。第五处：trulytrue。考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词ecotravel。第六处：删除well后的as。考查固定表达。as well as后跟宾语，意为“以及”，不符合语境，此处应用as well表示“也”，放在句末。第七处：like前加be。考查系动词。此处like是介词，should后缺少be动词。第八处：cleanerclean。考查形容词。根据and后面的green以及语境可知，此处应用形容词原级。第九处：EnjoyedEnjoying。考查非谓语动词。主语we和enjoy之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词。第十处：theirour。考查代词。主语是we，此处表示“我们应该尽我们最大的努力去保护大自然”，故应用our。四、语法填空(2018潍坊模拟)All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do. The stomach must have a time _1_ (rest) between meals. The other parts of the body require rest, too. This they _2_ (usual) get while we are asleep. We must not fail to give them enough rest, or they will soon get _3_ (wear) out and give us trouble. Sometimes, when people are not well _4_ tired out, they find they cannot sleep well _5_ night. A number of little things can contribute to a good sleep. A hot foot bath, _6_ draws the blood away from the brain, frequently will be found _7_ (benefit). A glass of hot milk or cocoa, _8_ (take) just before going to bed, often will have the same effect. If the sleeplessness is a result of indigestion(消化不良), a plain diet will relieve. Sleeping upon a hard bed without any pillow sometimes _9_ (produce) the desired effect. Always have plenty of fresh air in the room. Keep the mind free from the cares of the day. Never take any _10_ (sleep) tablets except upon the advice of a physician, for they usually contain drugs that will injure the heart.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类说明文。人体的各个器官都需要良好的休息。本文详细介绍了几条提高睡眠质量的方法。1答案与解析：to rest考查非谓语动词。句意为：胃必须用两餐之间的间隔时间来休息。have a time to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有时间去做某事”。故填to rest。2答案与解析：usually考查副词。空格处修饰动词get，故用形容词usual的副词形式usually。3答案与解析：worn考查过去分词。该句主语they指代第一段第三句中的“The other parts of the body”，和动词短语wear out之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，wear应用过去分词形式。故填worn。4答案与解析：or考查连词。根据语境可知，该句中的not well和空格后的tired out为选择关系，表示“或者”。故填or。5答案与解析：at考查介词。表示“在晚上”用固定短语at night。故填at。6答案与解析：which考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“A hot foot bath”，并在从句中作主语，所以用which引导该定语从句。故填which。7答案与解析：beneficial考查形容词。该句中的found为感官动词，在该处用作系动词，后应接形容词作表语，意为“有利的，有益的”。故填beneficial。8答案与解析：taken考查非谓语动词。该句中的主语“A glass of hot milk or cocoa”和动词take之间为被动关系，故用其过去分词作状语。故填taken。9答案与解析：produces/will produce考查动词的时态。句意为：在硬床上不垫任何枕头睡觉有时会达到你想要的效果。根据句意可知，该句陈述的是客观道理或预料将要发生的情况，故用一般现在时或一般将来时。故填produces/will produce。10答案与解析：sleeping考查名词。sleeping tablet意为“安眠药片”，相当于sleeping pill，为固定用法。故填sleeping。【长难句分析】All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do.(第一段第一句)分析：该句为主从复合句，句中“although each one has its special part to do”为although引导的让步状语从句。译文：人体的所有部位协同工作，尽管每个部位都有其特殊作用。
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