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模块3 Unit 1 The world of our senses一、阅读理解。If youre making determination for a healthier new year, consider a gut makeover(肠道清理)Changing your microbe munity(微生物群)，however, may not be easy，and nobody knows how long it might take.Thats because the ecosystem already established in your gut determines how it absorbs and processes nutrients.So if the microbe munity in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of hamburgers and pizza，for example，it wont respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and fruits that has a more varied microbe munity.“The nutritional value of food is influenced in part by the microbe munity that encounters that food，” said Dr Jeffrey Gordon，the senior author of the new paper and director of the Center for Genome Science and Systems Biology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St.Louis.“Nutritional ponents of a healthy diet have to be viewed from the inside out，” he said，“not just the outside in.”One of the questions the study set out to answer was how individuals with different diets respond when they try to improve their eating habits.The scientists harvested gut bacteria from humans，transplanted them into mice bred under germfree conditions，and then fed the mice either Americanstyle or plantbased diets.The scientists then analyzed changes in the mices microbe munities.Of interest，the scientists harvested the gut bacteria from people who followed sharply different diets.One group ate a fairly typical American diet，consuming about 3 000 calories a day，high in animal proteins with few fruits and vegetables.Some of their favorite foods were processed cheese and lunch meat.The other group consisted of people who were calorierestricted.They ate less than 1 800 calories a day and had carefully tracked what they ate for at least two years，sticking to a mostly plantbased diet and consuming far less animal protein than the other group，a third fewer carbohydrates(碳水化合物)and only half the fat.This calorierestricted group，the researchers found，had a far richer and more diverse microbe munity in the gut than those eating a typical American diet.They also carried several kinds of“good” bacteria，known to promote health，that are unique to their plantbased diet.“Perhaps the best way to shape a healthier microbe munity is to eat more fiber by consuming more fruit，vegetables，whole grains，and nuts or seeds，” said Meghan Jardine，a dietitian who was not involved in the current study but has published articles on promoting healthy microbe munities.She urges people to aim for 40 to 50 grams of fiber daily，well above levels remended by most dietary guidelines.1What can we know from the first two paragraphs?AChanging microbiome is fairly easy.BEcosystem in gut is shaped by carbohydrates.CNutritional ponents are determined by food intake.DAs to healthy diets，microbe munity shaped by vegetables and fruit respond more quickly than that shaped by junk food.2What can we learn about Meghan Jardine?AShe suggests eating as little as possible.BShe attaches great importance to fiber.CShe is one of the researchers of the current study.DShe advocates consuming more meat in daily life.3Whats the authors attitude toward gut makeover?AConcerned.BOpposed.CIndifferent. DNervous.4Which is the best title for the text?AMicrobe munity in our gutBA gut makeover for the new yearCDietary guidelines for daily dietsDThe best way towards a healthier microbe munity【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清理肠道的原因及具体做法。长难句分析：They also carried several kinds of“good”bacteria，known to promote health，that are unique to their plantbased diet.(第四段最后一句)分析：这是一个复合句。known to promote health是过去分词作后置定语，修饰bacteria；that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词bacteria。译文：它们还携带好几种已知能促进健康的有益菌，这些有益菌是他们吃的素食中独有的。词汇积累：determination n决心establish v建立absorb v吸收ponent n组成部分transplant v移植consume v消费，消耗1D推理判断题。So if the microbe munity in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of hamburgers and pizza，for example, it wont respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and fruits that has a more varied microbe munity.(第一段最后一句)译文：所以如果你肠道里的微生物群是由汉堡和披萨组成的日常饮食塑造而成，它产生反应的速度就不会像一个由蔬菜和水果塑造的肠道那么快，因为后者拥有更多样化的微生物群。解题思路：根据关键句可推知，对于健康饮食，由蔬菜和水果形成的微生物群比垃圾食品形成的微生物群起效快。故选D。2B细节理解题。Perhaps the best way to shape a healthier microbe munity is to eat more fiber by consuming more fruit, vegetables，whole grains，and nuts or seeds.(最后一段第一句)译文：或许形成更健康的微生物群的最佳方式是通过吃更多的水果、蔬菜、全麦食品以及坚果或植物种子来摄入更多纤维解题思路：根据关键句可知，Meghan Jardine认为纤维很重要。故选B。3A观点态度题。根据作者在第二段引用的华盛顿大学医学院Jeffrey Gordon博士的话以及最后一段引用的营养师Meghan Jardine的话可推断出，作者很关注肠道清理。A项意为“关心的”；B项意为“反对的”；C项意为“漠不关心的”；D项意为“紧张的”。故选A。4B标题概括题。第一段就点明了文章的主题，即“进行肠道清理可以让人更健康”。接下来的四段内容都是围绕肠道清理这个主题，包括清理肠道的原因、所做的实验以及如何清理肠道。B项能概括文章的主题，适合做标题。故选B。二、单项填空1.The moment he came into his room, he _ something wrong, though he couldnt tell.A. noticedB. sensedC. feltD. smelt【答案】B 2.Before the camps, the kids might have thought Americans are difficult to _, but through the experience during the camps, they know Americans are very friendly. A. recognize B. acknowledge C. approach D. confirm【答案】C【解析】句意：在参加夏令营之前，孩子们可能觉得美国人很难接近，但通过在夏令营里的经历，他们知道美国人是很友好的。recognize 认出，辨认出；acknowledge承认，认可；approach 接近，靠近；confirm确定，证实。3.The President _ the womans service to her country by awarding her a medal.A. accepted B. recognized C. declared D. realized【答案】B【解析】accept接受；recognize认可，认出；declare 宣布，声称；realize实现，意识到。recognize sth “认可, 承认”。句意：总统肯定了这位妇女对国家所做出的工作，授予了她一枚勋章。4.The river runs clear.We all appreciate the importance the local government has _ the environmental protection.A. attached to B. left for C. responded to D. learnt from【答案】A【解析】句意：“这条小溪很清澈。”“我们都很感激当地政府对环境保护给予重视。”attach importance to doing/something重视，着重于，对给予重视；left for动身前往某地；responded to响应；leant from向学习。5.An appropriately dressed speaker is more _ to leave a pleasant impression on the audience.A. capable B. probableC. possible D. likely【答案】D6.The doctor _ at the patient quickly and rang for an ambulance immediately.A. glanced B. glaredC. gazed D. stared【答案】A【解析】句意：快速看了一眼病人之后，这位医生立即打电话叫了一辆救护车。glance at匆匆地看一眼；glare at怒目而视；gaze at(因惊讶、喜悦或有兴趣而)注视，凝视；stare at(因吃惊、恐惧等而)盯着看。7.See, your puter has broken down again! It doesnt _ sense to buy the cheapest brand of puter just to save a few dollars. A. haveB. makeC. displayD. bring【答案】B【解析】句意：看看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。make sense有意义。8.After a 5-minute discussion, we came up with a better _ to the math problem.A. access B. way C. approach D. aspect【答案】C8.We hadnt seen each other for years and he had changed a great deal, so I didnt _ him at first.A. realizeB. repeat C. knowD. recognize【答案】D【解析】句意：我们已经好几年没见过面了，而且他改变了许多，因此刚开始的时候我都认不出他来了。recognize认出，识别，符合句意。10.The 22nd APEC summit has e to an end, but the Chinese elements _ the meetings have drawn widespread attention from the public. A. absorbed in B. concerned about C. modeled after D. attached to 【答案】D【解析】absorbed in专心致志于；concerned about对关心；modeled after效仿；attached to (使)依附于，使相关。句意：第22届亚太经合组织会议落下了帷幕，但是与这次会议有关的中国元素受到公众的普遍关注。11.Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is _ to rain soon.A. probably B. possiblyC. likely D. perhaps【答案】C【解析】句意：看，天上乌云密布，可能很快就要下雨了。probably很可能；possibly大概，也许；likely可能的；perhaps也许，大概。likely是形容词，It/sb. is likely to do sth.很有可能做某事。12.He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly _ me and said quietly, Why are you _ me like that?A. gazed at, glaring atB. stared at, gazing atC. glanced at, staring atD. looked at, glancing at【答案】C【解析】glance at瞥一眼，匆匆看一下；stare at睁大眼睛凝视、盯着或瞪着看。句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然朝我看了一眼，然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我看？”13. Jack is _ go to school, so his mother has to stay at home to look after him.A. young enough to B. old enough to C. too young to D. very old to【答案】C【解析】tooto“太而不能”的结构。根据so his mother has to stay at home to look after him可知他太小而不能去上学(所以他的母亲不得不呆在家里来照看他)，所以选C。注意：“Jack is old enough to go to school”的意思是：杰克已经到了上学的年龄。14.Do you regret paying 20,000 dollars for the second-hand car?Not a bit. I think it deserves _.A. as more than twice many B. more than twice as muchC. more than as twice much D. more than twice as many【答案】B15.Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying answered the question _ China has confidence in the success of its new round of reforms.A. whatB. whetherC. thatD. when【答案】B 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，作question的同位语，从句在结构上很完整，排除代词what。句意：外交部女发言人华春莹回答了中国对新一轮改革的成功是否有信心这一问题。三、完形填空From childhood，Moira loved to write. Throughout school she 1 writing, but pursuing(追求) it 2 was never a possibility. Her father was a doctor, her mother a nurse.“Medicine was a fairly 3 option，” Moira says. “And writing was a career where it wasnt a 4 that youd have high ine.”She became a doctor but still wanted to do some writing. However, being a doctor was so 5 that she didnt take up writing until her thirties. She 6 a novela fictionalized version of her travels in China after university. She got excellent 7 . Moira sent it off to as many agents as she could find, and found one who wanted to 8 her. Suddenly, it seemed she was on her 9 as an author.“I had one lengthy phone call with the agent where we 10 all possible areas she thought needed 11 I worked on those and sent it back to her but didnt hear anything.” It was not long 12 Moira found another agent who was 13 if she was willing to rewrite it from the first person to the third person. She did the hard work and sent it off again. “I got back a really brief letter：Thank you, Im no longer interested. It was really 14 ”A decade went by, and Moira found herself eager to write again, this time 15 for her own enjoyment. She 16 herself the challenge of creating a thriller and chose Western Australia as her setting.As she was writing just for herself, something surprising began to happen. “The characters 17 a life of their own; they started doing things I hadnt thought about. It just 18 out.” One day, an agent called from Australia. Three weeks later, Moira had a publication deal. Her novel, Cicada, was published in March.“ 19 it hadnt been published I still gained so much from the 20 ，” says Moira.【解题导语】本文通过Moira爱好写作并坚持写作的故事告诉我们：每个人都要为实现自己的梦想而去努力尝试，只有经历过才能够有所得，在追求的过程中不要过于担心结果，只有这样才能成功。1A.learntBavoidedCconsideredDenjoyedD解析：根据首句“From childhood，Moira loved to write.”可知，从童年开始，Moira就爱好写作；由此推断，在上学期间，她仍然喜欢(enjoyed)写作。2A.activelyBprofessionallyCenergeticallyDpermanentlyB解析：根据生活常识及该句中的关键词“never a possibility”可知，把写作当作职业来追求几乎是不可能的。actively“积极地”；professionally“作为职业地”；energetically“精力充沛地”；permanently“永久地”。3A.influentialBexplicitCterribleDsafeD解析：根据空处前一句“Her father was a doctor，her mother a nurse.”可知，她的父母会给予她医学方面很多的帮助，所以Moira认为医学是一个十分安全的(safe)选择。4A.dream BpurposeCchoiceDcertaintyD解析：根据空后的“youd have high ine”可知，Moira也认为写作是一个不一定能带来高收入的职业。certainty“确定的事”，符合语境，所以选项D正确。5A.promisingBdiscouragingCdemandingDinterestingC解析：根据空后的“she didnt take up writing until her thirties”可知，医生是一个要求很高的职业，因此她直到三十多岁才开始写作。promising“有希望的，有前途的”；discouraging“使人泄气的”；demanding“苛刻的，要求高的”；interesting“有趣的”。所以选项C正确。6A.producedBintroducedCboughtDreceivedA解析：根据语境可知，她以大学毕业后在中国的旅游经历为背景创作了一本小说。produce“创作，生产，产生”；introduce“介绍”；buy“买”；receive“收到”。所以选项A正确。7A.rewards BreadersCreviews DpraisesC解析：根据该段最后一句“Suddenly，it seemed she was on her as an author.”可以判断，这部小说写出来后，她得到了极好的评论。reward“报酬”；reader“读者”；review“评论”；praise“赞扬”。所以选项C正确。8A.employBrepresentCtrustDguideB解析：根据语境可知，在众多的代理人中有一个人愿意代理出版这本小说。employ“雇用，使用”；represent“代表，代理”；trust“信任”；guide“指导”。所以选项B正确。9A.ownBfeetCwayDbusinessC解析：根据语境可知，她似乎突然就要成为作家了。on ones way“即将到达或发生”，所以选项C正确。10A.took offBwent throughCpulled down Dcame overB解析：根据语境可知，Moira在电话中与代理人就小说中所有代理人认为需要润色(polishing)的地方进行了仔细琢磨(went through)。take off“脱下，起飞”；go through“仔细察看，仔细琢磨”；pull down“拆毁，推翻”；e over“过来，来访”。所以选项B正确。11A.deletingBadaptingCpolishingDcoveringC解析：参见上题解析。delete“删除”；adapt“适应，改编”；polish“修改，润色”；cover“覆盖，报道”。所以选项C正确。12A.beforeBafterCsince DwhenA解析：根据上文中的“sent it back to her but didnt hear anything”可知，Moira重新把小说发给代理人但是没有收到任何回复，不久之后Moira找到了另外一个代理人。句型It wasnt long before.意思是“不久之后”。所以选项A正确。13A.fascinatedBinterestedCanxiousDamusedB解析：根据下文中的“Im no longer interested”可知，此处指这位代理人对她的书感兴趣。fascinated“入迷的”；interested“感兴趣的”；anxious“焦急的，忧虑的”；amused“逗笑的”。所以选项B正确。14A.mon BabsurdCterrifyingDdisappointingD解析：从两位代理人的态度可知，Moira这两次都以失败告终，所以这件事情肯定令她感到失望。mon“共同的”；absurd“荒谬的”；terrifying“令人恐惧的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。所以选项D正确。15A.purelyBwonderfullyCinstantlyDsadlyA解析：根据该句中的“found herself eager to write again.own enjoyment”可知，她发现自己渴望再次写作，而这次写作仅仅(purely)是为了个人乐趣。purely“仅仅，纯粹地”；wonderfully“非常好，非常”；instantly“立即”；sadly“悲伤地”。所以选项A正确。 16.A.setBfoundCmadeDpermittedA解析：根据语境可知，Moira向自己提出(set)了一个挑战，写一部惊险小说。find“发现”；make“整理；进行”；permit“允许，许可”。所以选项A正确。17A.put upBtook onCwent overDgot downB解析：根据该句“The characters a life of their own；they started doing things I hadnt thought about.”可知，小说中的人物开始具有(took on)他们自己的生活。put up“建造；张贴”；take on“开始具有(某种特征、面貌等)”；go over“仔细检查”；get down“下来；取下”。所以选项B正确。18A.flewBbrought Cbroke DcarriedA解析：根据下文可知，Moira的书得到了一位澳大利亚代理人的关注并顺利出版；据此可以推断，这部小说成功了。所以选项A正确。19A.Ever sinceBAs ifCIf onlyDEven ifD解析：根据语境可推断出，即使(Even if)这部小说没有出版，Moira仍然在这个过程(process)中得到许多。ever since“自从”；as if“好像，似乎”；if only“要是就好了”；even if“即使，尽管”。所以选项D正确。20A.adventureBpracticeCprocessDresultC解析：参见上题解析。adventure“冒险”；practice“实践”；process“过程”；result“结果”。所以选项C正确。四、短文改错。Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of drive cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.答案：Jinan is facing traffic problems. Too cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one. One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.
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