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The environment一、阅读理解。In the dead of winter，we dont typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good healthVitamin D.This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease，cancer and many other lifethreatening diseases.The remended daily requirement is 400600 International Units(IU)In summer，people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D.Even during winter，just a 10minute walk at midday can keep the bodys Vitamin D at healthy levels.During brief winter walks，we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible.Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods.Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin.Egg yolks(蛋黄)，cheese，mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it.To attract consumers，food panies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products.The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s.At that time，many children were suffering from rickets，an illness that is caused by a deficiency (缺乏)of Vitamin DIt made the childrens bones soft and weak.Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem，and it has been available ever since.For people who still need more Vitamin D，there is another option：Take Vitamin D supplements(补充物)These products are widely sold in stores.However，anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.1During the winter months，people _.Aarent able to meet their deadlinesBoften dont dress warmly enoughCgenerally like to remain indoorsDleave lots of work for others to do2According to the text，Vitamin D _.Acan be obtained by being exposed to the sunBcan be used to cure lifethreatening diseasesCcan be mainly found in some milk productsDcan make the childrens bones soft and weak3Why is salmon mentioned in this article?AIts seldom prepared in the correct way.BIts a useful addition to a persons diet.CIt has a huge impact on the environment.DIts advantages have been exaggerated.4The main purpose of this article is _.Ato introduce a valuable nutrientBto advertise Vitamin D supplementsCto note risks associated with a nutrientDto explain how a nutrient was discovered【解题导语】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。1C考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In the dead of winter，we dont typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should”可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。2A考查推理判断。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。3B考查推理判断。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物，故选B。4A考查主旨大意。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分维生素D。二、单项选择。1.For an artist who has no lack of passion and great courage to overe any difficulty，inspirations of his artwill never _.A. break out B. run out C. work out D. pull out【答案】B【解析】run out 用完，耗尽，符合句意。break out 爆发；work out 计算，解决；pull out 驶出，脱离。句意：对于一个不缺少激情和有勇气战胜任何困难的艺术家来说，他的艺术灵感将永远不会枯竭。2.Meeting again by chance, Lucy and Amy are delighted to _ the friendship where it left out years ago.A. set up B. build up C. bring up D. pick up【答案】D【解析】set up 成立，建立；build up 逐步建立，增进；bring up 养育，培养；pick up 拾起，偶然学到，接收到，中途搭车，和好如初。pick up the friendship 意为“重拾友谊”，根据“where it left out years ago”(意为“在几年前遗落的地方(重拾友谊)”)，说明这里填 build up(建立友谊)不合适。句意：碰巧又见面了，露西和艾米高兴地在她们数年前中断友谊的地方重拾友谊(即：中断的友谊仍可以重新开始)。3.It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. that B. how C. when D. why【答案】D【解析】 句中的 it 是形式主语， 真正的主语是“_ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.”根据句意，原句要表达的是“为什么这个老人没有立马报案这件事还未查明。 ”4.We are mitted to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless, a world _ each and everyer is a true paradise.A. that B. which C. of which D. from where【答案】C【解析】.of which 实际上就=whose.。句意：我们致力于创造一个没有无家可归者和无望者的世界，一个其中每一个角落都是真正天堂的世界。5.Alice hasnt turned up so far. _ if she is absent today? We dont even have the key yet.A. How B. Why C. What D. When【答案】 C。 What if? “倘若又会怎么样” 。 句意： “如果 今天她不来怎么办， 我们甚至没有钥匙。 ”6._ a certain doubt among the people whether the value of the project is practical.A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains【答案】D【解析】There is/remains some/certain doubt。句意：对于这个项目的实际价值人们仍然有怀疑。7._ knowledge a man has, _ it is for him to get a good job.A. The more, more difficult B. The more, the easierC. The more, easier D. The less, more difficult【答案】B【解析】考查 the +比较级，the+比较级用法，意为“越越”表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。句意：一个人掌握的知识越多，找到好的工作就越容易。8.A Chinese students printlike handwriting caused controversy among British Internet users, _ bothpraise and questions about individuality.A. drew B. drawing C. to draw D. having drawn【答案】B【解析】根据句子结构可知，这里不能选用谓语动词，由此可以排除 A 项；动词不定式表示将来的动作，不合题意， 排除 C 项； 由于 draw 的动作和 cause 的动作不存在明显的先后关系， 因此不用完成式，排除 D 项。只有 B 项正确，现在分词短语在这里表示结果。句意：有一位中国学生的看上去像印刷体的书法引起了英国互联网用户的争议对个性的赞美和质疑。9._ in the adult ceremony, the senior students feel they are shouldering heavier responsibilities now.A. Swear B. Sworn C. Having sworn D. To have sworn【答案】C【解析】逻辑主语 students 与 swear 为主谓关系，而且 swear 的动作发生在谓语动词 feel 的动作之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。句意：成人仪式宣誓后，高年级学生觉得现在他们肩上的责任更重了。10.A Russian plane broke up in the air, _ all 224 people on board which was believed _ by a bombplanted by Islamic State.A. killing; to have been caused B. having killing; to have been causedC. killing; to be caused D. having killed; to have caused【答案】A【解析】第一空用现在分词短语作状语，表示结果；第二空动词不定式用完成式，因为是已经发生过的事情，而且 cause 此处要用被动态，故用不定式的完成被动形式。句意：一架俄国飞机在空中解体了致机上 224 人死亡，据信是由伊斯兰国所放置的炸弹造成的。11.Watching football games on TV at home is one thing, going to watch them _ live is quite another.A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，perform 与其逻辑主语 them 之间为动宾关系，要选被动意义的选项，而本题四个选项中只有 D 项为被动意义，其他三项皆为主动意义，being performed 为现在分词的被动式，作宾语补足语。句意：在家的电视上看足球比赛是一回事，看现场直播又是另外一回事。12._ an increase in foreign legal conflicts, China is expected to see the number continue to rise.A. To witness B. Being witnessed C. Witnessed D. Having witnessed【答案】D【解析】China 与 witness 为主谓关系，由此可排除 B、C 两项；另外，witness 动作发生在主句动作之前，因此用现在分词的完成式，即 D 项正确。句意：见证了涉外法律冲突的增长，希望中国看到这种数字的继续上升。13._ into the final round of the Asian qualifiers for the first time since 2001, Chinese soccer still faces a longhard road.A. Moved B. Moving C. To move D. Having moved【答案】D【解析】Chinese Soccer 和 move 之间为主谓关系，因此可以排除 A 项；另外，由于 move 的动作发生在谓语动词 faces 的动作之前，因此用现在分词的完成时，即 D 项正确。句意：中国足球队自从 2001年首次进入亚洲预选赛的最后一轮后，面临着一条漫长而艰辛的路。4.I found my puter functioning much better, _ a new operating system.A. to install B. installing C. having installed D. installed【答案】C【解析】install 的动作发生在 found 的动作之前，而且 I 与 install 为主谓关系，因此用现在分词的完成式，即 C 项正确。句意：由于安装了新的驱动系统，我发现我的电脑的功能更强大了。15.Many natural disasters took place across the country, _ severe losses on peoples life and property.A. to have brought B. only bringing C. only to bring D. having brought【答案】B【解析】 句意： 全国各地发生了很多自然灾害， 给人们的生命和财产带来了严重的损失。 现在分词短语“only bring severe losses on peoples life and property”在这里作结果状语。16._ in playing puter games, he didnt find his mother enter his bedroom.A. Absorbing B. To be absorbed C. To absorb D. Absorbed【答案】B【解析】absorbed in 全神贯注于，在句中作状语。句意：全神贯注于打电脑游戏，他没有发现他妈妈进了他的卧室。17. The old man showed us how to _ part of the surface of the wood and let a pattern in.A. cut down B. cut in C. cut out D. cut up【答案】C【解析】cut down 砍到；cut in 插话；cut out 剪裁；剪下；cut up 切碎。句意：老人向我展示了如何把木材的表面裁下，再把一个图案贴上去。三、完形填空。I promise you, there will never be a perfect time to do anything in your life. 1will ever feel 100% certain or make perfect sense to you and everyone else. There will 2 be a perfect time to fall in love, or to travel the world. You will never have enough training, enough preparation, or enough money. And 3 this, even when you feel ready to take a brave step into the4, others will likely try to 5 you out of it. Because they wont feel ready themselves, and your ambition and bravery will 6 their levels of fort. But you dont 7 them an explanation, or any other personal 8 you dont want to make. This is rather difficult to 9 at first. Waiting to feel 100% ready or sure is the 10 way in which we cheat ourselves out of wonderful life experiences. I challenge you to 11 free yourself from this self-limiting state of mind. Book that plane ticket, even if you feel lots of 12. Sign up for that educational course, even if you have no idea 13 it will go. Trust me when I tell you it will all e together for the14. When you achieve your dreams with15, when you meet them with mental and physical devotion, you16 your trust in the act of LIVING. You make your dreams a 17 instead of line items on a list. And thats good because your dreams are 18 to experience. You have to 19 them out in the real world to know if theyre possible and worthwhile adventures in the long run. As you 20 on this new journey of living, remember that some people around you will naturally be taken aback. But as long as you arent hurting them, you dont owe them anything that takes away your power to move forward with your life. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了在我们的生活中永远不会有一个完美的时间去做任何事情。所以我们应该想做就做, 不要顾虑太多, 当我们在一个新的生活之旅中前进时, 我们才会发现它带来的惊喜。1. A. SomethingB. NothingC. AnythingD. Everything【解析】选B。根据上文说在你的生活中永远不会有一个完美的时间去做任何事情。可知句意: 没有什么能让你和其他人拥有100%确定的或完美的感觉。故选B。2. A. neverB. alwaysC. occasionallyD. forever【解析】选A。从来都没有一个可以去恋爱和去世界各地旅行的完美时候。故选A。3. A. despite B. for C. from D. after【解析】选A。这里的尽管如此是指上文提到的没有时间去恋爱、去旅行等。despite尽管, 故选A。4. A. impossibleB. unknownC. beautifulD. true【解析】选B。尽管如此, 即使你准备勇敢地踏入未知世界。unknown未知的, 故选B。5. A. helpB. cheatC. talkD. get【解析】选C。其他人也可能会试图说服你放弃它。help帮助; cheat欺骗; talk谈话、劝说; get得到。故选C。6. A. improveB. removeC. increaseD. challenge【解析】选D。因为他们自己不会觉得自己准备好了, 你的雄心和勇敢会挑战他们的舒适度。也就是你的做法让他们不舒服。improve提高; remove移除; increase增加; challenge挑战。故选D。7. A. offerB. giveC. allowD. owe【解析】选D。但你不欠他们一个解释。offer提供; give给; allow允许; owe欠。故选D。8. A. excuseB. decisionC. sacrificeD. profit【解析】选C。或者你也不必做出任何你不想做的个人牺牲。excuse借口; decision决定; sacrifice牺牲; profit利润。故选C。9. A. refuseB. graspC. admitD. confirm【解析】选B。这一点很难掌握。“这一点”是指找到合适的时机做自己的事, 无需向他人解释。refuse拒绝; grasp抓住、掌握; admit承认; confirm证实。故选B。10. A. hardestB. bitterestC. easiestD. dullest【解析】选C。等待自己感到100%准备好了或很肯定时再去做是一种最简单的欺骗自己去错过精彩人生经历的办法。 hardest最困难的; bitterest最苦的; easiest最容易的; dullest最迟钝的。故选C。11. A. automaticallyB. casuallyC. vainlyD. consciously【解析】选D。我要让你有意识地让自己摆脱这种自我限制的心态。automatically自动地; casually随意地; vainly徒劳地; consciously有意识地。故选D。12. A. uncertaintyB. fortC. anxietyD. hopelessness【解析】选A。订下那张飞机票, 尽管你感到了很多的不确定性。uncertainty不确定; fort舒适; anxiety焦虑; hopelessness无希望。故选A。13. A. howB. whenC. whyD. whether【解析】选A。报名参加那个教育课程, 即使你不知道会怎么样发展。故选A。14. A. worseB. betterC. closerD. deeper【解析】选B。当我告诉你一切都会好起来的时候, 请相信我。15. A. difficultyB. doubtC. intentionD. success【解析】选C。当你有意识地去实现你的梦想时, 当你以精神和肉体的投入去面对它们时, 你就把你的信任投入到生活的行动中去了。difficulty困难; doubt怀疑; intention目的; success成功。故选C。16. A. carryB. removeC. experienceD. invest【解析】选D。carry携带; remove移除; experience经历; invest投资, 投入。故选D。17. A. realityB. priorityC. burdenD. relief【解析】选B。你优先考虑你的梦想而不只是纸上谈兵。reality现实; priority优先权; burden负担; relief安心。故选B。18. A. meantB. listedC. realizedD. entitled【解析】选A。那很好, 因为你的梦想就意味着体验。mean意味着; list列出; realize意识到; entitle使有资格。故选A。19. A. checkB. bringC. workD. test【解析】选D。你必须在现实世界中测试它们, 以确定它们是否有可能, 并且值得长期冒险。check核对; bring带来; work工作; test测试。故选D。20. A. wanderB. restC. progressD. hesitate【解析】选C。当你在这个新的生活之旅中取得进展时, 记住: 你周围的一些人自然会大吃一惊。wander闲逛; rest休息; progress进步, 前进; hesitate犹豫。故选C。四、七选五。Every culture has its own unwritten list of behavior that is acceptable.Every society also has its taboos, or types of behavior that are considered a violation of good manners.The word taboo es from the Tongan language and is used in modern English to describe verbal and nonverbal behavior that is forbidden or to be avoided. 1. They tend to be specific to a culture or country, and usually form around a groups values and beliefs.What is considered acceptable behavior in one country may be a serious taboo in another.Verbal taboos usually involve topics that people believe are too private to talk about publicly, or relate to ones manner of speaking.In many cultures, for example, it is considered bad manners to discuss subjects such as sex or religion in public.In some countries, too much volume of ones voice may annoy people.2. 3 For example, one of the biggest differences among many Western, Asian, and African cultures is the use of eye contact.In the US., people make eye contact when they talk to others. 4. In many Asian and African cultures, however, children are taught to lower their eyes when talking to their elders, or those of higher rank, as a way to show respect.Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings depending on the country you are in.Crossing your middle finger over your forefinger is the sign for good luck in many Western countries. 5. Also, in some Asian countries, moving your hands a lot while talking, or “talking with your hands”， is considered unsuitable.Behavior that is acceptable and nonoffensive in one culture can be highly offensive in another.When visiting a foreign country, be aware of some of the basic differences, as this will help to ensure a more enjoyable trip.ANonverbal taboos usually relate to body language.BIn Vietnam and Argentina, however, it is a rude gesture.CIn spite of what some people may think, taboos are not universal.DCancer is a taboo subject and people are frightened to talk openly about it.ELearn a countrys customs so that you dont hurt the local people unconsciously.FThey might think that someone who is speaking or laughing loudly is rude or aggressive.GIf a person avoids eye contact, others might think they are being dishonest or unconfident.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了不同国家习俗方面的禁忌，以及肢体语言、手势语的不同运用。1C解析：上句是对taboo的定义，下句讲它们通常是一个国家或一种文化所特有的，通常是围绕着一个团体的价值观和信仰而形成的。由此可以推断，C项(尽管一些人可能这样认为，但禁忌不是通用的)符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。故选C项。2F解析：本段主要讲一些人对禁忌的看法，比如一些私人问题不能在公共场合谈论等。根据设空前一句中的too much volume of ones voice may annoy people可知，在一些国家，说话声音太大会惹恼别人，F项(他们可能认为大声说笑是粗鲁的或充满挑衅的)正好是对上一句的解释。故选F项。3A解析：根据设空后一句中的eye contact可知，本段主要讲眼神接触在不同文化中有不同的要求，属于肢体语言。故A项(非语言禁忌通常和肢体语言有关)符合语境。4G解析：本段讲的是眼神接触的作用，根据关键词eye contact可知，G项与该段主题一致，故选G项。5B解析：本段介绍手势语在不同国家的含义。上一句介绍了把中指和食指交叠起来，在很多西方国家意味着好运。下文应该介绍其他国家对此不同的理解，B项(然而在越南和阿根廷，这是一个粗鲁的手势)符合语境，故选B项。
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