2019年高考英语 语法必考考点（14）特殊句型（含解析）.doc

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（14）：特殊句型含解析【考点解读】一、倒装 “倒装句”从结构上看有完全倒装和部分倒装两种。谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作完全倒装；只将谓语的一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的称作部分倒装。从实际使用看，倒装有两种功能作用：一是出于语法要求的语法倒装；二是出于修辞或强调需要的修辞倒装。(一)完全倒装1. 表示方式或方位的副词与介词短语等置于句首时。常见的有： there, here, in, out, away, up, down, from, off, back, over, then, now, so, thus, in the room, on the wall等。There exist different opinions on this question.Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.*当主语为代词时主谓不倒装。试比较：Out rushed the children.Out they rushed.2. such置于句首时。Such are the facts, and no one can deny them.3. 表语置于句首时。Gone are the days when my heart was young and happy.(二)部分倒装1. 当only放在句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句。Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard.*only后面接句子主语时，不需要用倒装句式。Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.(2012上海高考)2. 否定副词或词组not, nor, never, hardly, rarely, few, seldom, little, neither, by no means, at no time, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time置于句首时。Never in my life have I seen such a thing.Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.3. often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)置于句首时。Many a time has John given me good advice.4. 在以下九个固定句式结构中，句子可以部分倒装。(1)sobe/助动词/情态动词主语。He used to do sports every day. So did I.*在答句中，有些情况不用倒装，这时，意义有所不同。Li Hua has made great progress in his spoken English.So he has.(意为“他确实如此”。表示对以上陈述的肯定赞同)(2)neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语。The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.(3) so .that .So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last.(4) neither .nor .Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.(5) not only .but (also) .Not only do I like painting, but I (also) take a course.*此结构连接主语时不倒装。Not only he but also his parents are sick.(6) not until .Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.*此结构中主句要求倒装，但从句不倒装。(7) hardly .when ./no sooner .than .Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain.*这两个结构都要求主句谓语用过去完成时。(8)as/though引导的让步状语从句。Try as I might, I couldnt lift the stone.(9)虚拟条件句若有had, were, should时，可省略if, 从句部分倒装。Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.Should he e, say “nobody in” to him.Were I you, I would not make such a decision.*有时由于修辞或平衡句子的需要也可以用倒装句，也可以不用。On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.“Im leaving for Sichuan tomorrow，”said Tom to his mother.【真题分析】一、单项选择1.（2018北京卷）In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed【答案】A 2.（2018天津卷）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _we saw Lily in the passenger seat. A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】B 【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里是强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who (当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。3. (2017江苏卷) _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overe her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【答案】B4. (2017天津卷) It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that【答案】D【解析】考查强调句型。句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键司 It was开头，后面连词首选hat，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉 It was和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型，故选D。5. (2016江苏卷) Not until recently _the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A. they had encouragedB. had they encouragedC. did they encourageD. they encouraged【答案】C【解析】考查部分倒装。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候，主句要使用部分倒装句。排除AD项，B项为过去完成时，上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去的时间。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。故C正确。6. (2016天津卷) You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. A. who B. which C. where D. that【答案】D【解析】考查强调句。句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是: It is/ was强调部分-that-其余部分,如果强调部分是人,也可以用who,这句话强调的是地点状语 at the hotel.故选D。7. (2015湖南卷) Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this pany running smoothly.A. to keep B. to have kept C. keep D. have kept【答案】C 【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。【考点定位】考查祈使句。8. (2015天津卷) Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize【答案】D【解析】考查倒装。句意：只有当莉莉走进力公室的时候，她意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选D。9. (2015湖南卷) It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. how【答案】B10. (2015重庆卷) Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century_ his musical gift was fully recognized.A. while B. though C. that D. after 【答案】C 【解析】考查强调句。句意：马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与 not until连用。It be not until that故选C项。由 not until引导的时回状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，从句语序不变。如Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown. 直到1998年他回到家乡。注意：当 not until引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时，句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句，应为：It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown. 二、单句填空1. (2016新课标II卷) but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【答案】make2. (2016新课标I卷，阅读B)When her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion _Ms Gaf finally say yes. 【答案】did【解析】考查only，状语置于句首，句子用部分倒装，所以此处用助动词did。4. (2016新课标III卷，阅读D)_(positive)an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr.Berger explains in his new book. 【答案】The more positive 【解析】考查the more.the more.结构，越就越。5. (2016四川卷，阅读D)The more fat you take in before bedtime, the _(great) burden you will put on your body at night. 【答案】greater 【解析】考查the more.the more.结构。6. (2016 江苏卷) Not until recently_ (他们才鼓励)the development of tourist, related activities related activities in the rural area. 【答案】did they encourage【解析】考查倒装句的用法。根据句首的Not until recently可知，本句要用部分倒装形式。7. (2015湖南卷) Only after talking to two students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 【答案】did I discover 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：只有在和两个学生交谈之后，我才发现拥有强烈的动机是达成目标的最重要的因素之一。Only以及only所修饰的词提前，句子部分倒装。8. (2015湖南卷) It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句型。句意：我们在回到家时才意识到帮助有困难的人是多么的令人高兴。强调句型：It is/was +被强调部分+that +剩余部分。9. (2015湖南卷)Video games can be a poor influence if _(leave) in the wrong hands. 【答案】left【解析】考查省略结构。完整的结构为if they are left in the wrong hands. 10. (2015湖南卷) Always _(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this pany running smoothly. 【答案】keep【解析】考查祈使句。动词原形构成祈使句的谓语动词。三、单句改错1. There is not everybody that can draw so well. 【答案】ThereIt2. Is it Tom that you saw yesterday? 【答案】IsWas【解析】考查强调句。应用过去时was，从句与主句的时态应该是一致的。3. Bob hoped it would be him who would be invited. 【答案】himhe【解析】考查强调句。强调句式强调的是主语，用主格。 4. It is the people who is really powerful. 【答案】第二个isare【解析】考查强调句。本句强调的是主语the people，谓语用复数，所以要将第二个is改为are。 5. It is at the gate where she will be waiting for me. 【答案】wherethat【解析】考查强调句。强调句式中只能用that引导句子的其他部分；如果强调的是主语，指人，可以用 who引导句子其 他部分。 6. It was noon that we got to the small village. 【答案】noon前加at【解析】考查强调句。强调时间状语at noon。 7. It was since the bus broke down on the way to the station that we missed the train. 【答案】sincebecause【解析】考查强调句。车抛锚是没有赶上火车的原因，强调原因只能用because。 8. Where was it she found her lost necklace? 【答案】在she前面加that【解析】考查强调句。强调句式的特殊疑问句，疑问词+is/was it + that+句子其他部分。 9. Among them were a soldier who was wounded in the stomach.【答案】werewas【解析】考查倒装句。此句为倒装句，主语是a soldier，谓语动词用单数。10. Not until Mr. Smith came to China didnt he know what kind of a country she is.【答案】didntdid11. While was walking along the street,I heard my name called.【答案】去掉was或在was前加主语I【解析】考查省略句。状语从句同时具备下列两个条件: 主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。常有以下几种情形：连词+形容词：Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。连词+名词：Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director. 尽管他曾是个农民，而现在是位著名的导演了。连词+现在分词：Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。连词+过去分词He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。连词+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。12. You must attend the meeting unless it inconvenient to you.【答案】【对点测试】一、单项选择 1. (2018宿迁三校质检)These problems, _， will seriously affect the growth of teenagers and even the nations future.A. not if solved properly B. if solved properlyC. not if properly solved D. if not solved properly【答案】D【解析】考查省略句。句意：这些问题， 如果不妥善处理的话， 将严重影响青少年的成长， 甚至国家的未来。 句子的主语是solve的动作承受者。 从句完整的形式为“if they are not solved properly”， 因为主从句主语一致且从句中有be动词， 可以把从句中的主语和be动词一起省略。 故选D。 2. (2018江苏高考压轴卷)Success is not final, and failure is not deadly. It is, you know, the courage to continue _ counts in life.A. that B. which C. where D. when【答案】A3. (2018宿迁模拟)It was not the word you said _angered Mr. Zhang, but _ you said it.A. that; how B. which; whatC. that; that D. which; why【答案】A【解析】考查强调句和名词性从句。 句意：不是你说的话激怒了张老师， 而是你说话的方式(激怒了他)。 第一空填that, 与It was构成强调句型； 第二空填how, how表方式， 在此引导名词性从句。 4. Only after the teacher explained it to me a second time _ the question.A. I did understand B. did I understandC. I had understood D. had I understood【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句。 句意：只有在老师向我再次解释以后我才明白这个问题。 “only状语”位于句首时， 句子要用部分倒装， 且根据explained可知， 用一般过去时， 故选B项。 5. (2018天津六校联考) _, they couldnt make her change her mind.A. Hard as they tried B. Tried hard as theyC. As they tried hard D. They tried as hard【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。句意：尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。as引导让步状语从句时可以把状语或者表语放于句子的前面，采用部分倒装的形式，故选A项。6. The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if _for television, would be a hit.A. adapted B. being adaptedC. to be adapted D. having been adapted【答案】A【解析】考查省略。 此处为条件状语从句中的省略， 省略了主语及系动词， 补全后为if it was adapted for television, 因此选择A。 7. Hey, look at your pale face; you must have stayed up late last night, _？A. have you B. havent you C. did you D. didnt you【答案】D8. (2018北京西城区高三模拟)You should be fully prepared before going walking in the mountain. Above all, _plenty of drinking water with you.A. to bring B. brought C. bringing D. bring【答案】D【解析】考查祈使句。 句意：去山里散步之前你应该做好充分的准备。 最重要的是要带足够多的饮用水。 分析句子结构及语境可知后一句缺少谓语， 故选D项。 此处为祈使句结构。 9. Then_, each waiting for the other to let the cat out of the bag.A. did the silence e B. came the silenceC. the silence ing D. the silence came【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句。 在题干中， 副词“Then”位于句首时， 句子应使用全部倒装结构， 由此可排除未使用倒装的C、D两项； A项为部分倒装形式， 也可排除； B项为全部倒装结构。 10. (2018南京、盐城高三模拟)To my surprise, when I opened the door, outside the classroom_，with flowers in his hands.A. the naughty boy did stand B. the naughty boy stoodC. did the naughty boy stand D. stood the naughty boy【答案】D【解析】考查倒装。句意：令我惊讶的是，当我开门的时候，那个淘气的男孩手拿鲜花站在教室外面。介词短语作地点状语置于句首，且主语为名词，所以应使用完全倒装，应选择D。二、单句填空1(2018湖北荆州中学四次质检)_ is no doubt that human activity, which does great harm to the environment, is the main cause.【答案】There【解析】句意为：毫无疑问，非常危害环境的人类活动是主要原因。“There is no doubt that.”为固定句型，意为：毫无疑问。2(2018天津河西区二模)_ (get) to the top of the tower building, where you can see the whole city.【答案】Get【解析】“_ (get) to the top of the tower building”为祈使句，故设空处填Get。3(2018江西樟树中学等六校一联)In that way，World Read Aloud Day _(do)help make a difference.【答案】does4(2018湖北荆州中学四次质检)Only then _ we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.【答案】did【解析】句意为：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“Only状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。5(2018江苏连云港灌南华侨双语学校月考)Now，just in front of the house _(stand) a tall tree with a history of 100 years.【答案】stands【解析】句意为：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式；根据时间状语Now可推知设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为单数第三人称，故填stands。6(2018江西新余一中、宜春一中联考)Are you too old for fairy tales？If you think _， Copenhagen is sure to change your mind.【答案】so【解析】句意为：你是不是老得连童话都不想听了？如果你这样认为，哥本哈根肯定会改变你的想法。本句考查省略。so被置于believe，hope，suppose，think等动词后以避免重复。本句中so用来代替you are too old for fairy tales。7(2018湖北四地七校联考)In recent years，stress has been regarded as a cause of medical problems.However，like so many other things，it is only too much stress _ does you harm.【答案】that8(2018江西九江高三一模)I was in trouble in overing my addiction to alcohol，and _ was my friend Mike.【答案】so【解析】根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用so，构成“so谓语动词主语”这种倒装结构，表示“也”。9(2018江苏苏锡常镇四市调研)One has reason to believe that Chinas anticorruption over the past few years，tough _ it is，has achieved inspiring progress.【答案】as/though【解析】句意为：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。as/though引导让步状语从句时采用了形式倒装。10(2018安徽百校论坛二次联考)It is how you handle each challenge _ counts.【答案】that【解析】句意为：你怎样处理每一个挑战很重要。本题考查强调句型(It is/was被强调部分that/who 其他成分)。本句中被强调部分为how you handle each challenge，表示“非人”，故填that。三、单句改错1(2018山西重点中学协作体一模)When taken exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.【答案】takentaking【解析】句意为：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好结果来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。本题考查省略。将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams，we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词去掉，故将taken改为taking。2(2018山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others dont. There is several reasons.【答案】isare【解析】句意为：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故将There is改为There are。3(2018湖南衡阳市八中、永州市四中一联)It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.【答案】whichthat4(2018河北衡水中学三次调研)Once upon a time, it was a boy whose parents named him Odd.【答案】itthere【解析】句意为：从前有一个男孩儿，他的父母给他取名叫Odd。本题考查“there be”句型，意为：有。5(2018山东潍坊一模)My dear friends, dont afraid of problems，but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves.【答案】dont后加be【解析】句意为：我亲爱的朋友，不要害怕问题，而要充分利用问题使我们自己成为最佳。“dont afraid of problems”为祈使句的否定形式，形容词afraid前需加上系动词be。6(2018湖北襄阳四校联考)Just as the old saying goes，“Happiness lies in contentment.”Only in this way we relax ourselves and achieve more progress.【答案】way后加can或者will【解析】当“only状语”位于句首时，要用部分倒装。7(2018湖南长郡中学等四校联考)There has a big library in our school.【答案】hasis【解析】句意为：我们学校有一个很大的图书馆。本题考查there be句型。没有there have/has句型。8(2018福建福州八中高三质检)Therefore，it was no doubt that I was left alone，suffering from loneliness and failure.【答案】itthere【解析】there is no doubt that.是一个固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”。 9(2018湖南株洲教学质量检测)How an interesting country to live in!【答案】HowWhat【解析】根据后面的名词country可知，应用what引起感叹。10(2018湖南长沙一模)Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow.【答案】DoingDo【解析】该句为“祈使句and陈述句”结构，祈使句句首应用动词原形，故将Doing改为Do。四、单句翻译（倒装句、省略句、强调句）1. 假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。【答案】Were I a bird,I could fly freely.2. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。【答案】Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. =He didnt leave the room until the rain stopped.【解析】对于notuntil句型，当notuntil位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序。3. 你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。【答案】Your advice made me happy but (your advice made) Tom angry.【解析】在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。4. 这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。【答案】The exhibition is more interesting than(it was) expected.【解析】当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1)连词(as,as if,once)+名词;(2)连词(though,whether,when)+形容词;(3)连词(whether,asif, while)+介词短语; (4)连词(when,while,though) +现在分词;(5)连词(when, if, evenif, unless, once, until,than,as)+过去分词;(6)连词(as if, as though)+不定式。5. 我想知道什么是什么使你如此优秀。【答案】I wander what it is that makes you so excellent.