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第11讲八年级(下)Units34,山西专用,1cloud(n.)(adj.)多云的2fold(v.)(反义词)(使)展开；打开3sweep(v.)(过去式/过去分词)扫；打扫4throw(v.)(过去式)(过去分词)扔；掷5lend(v.)(过去式/过去分词)供给；借出(反义词)借；借用6develop(v.)(n.)发展；发育；成长(adj.)发展中的(adj.)发达的7drop(v.)(过去式/过去分词)落下；掉下8communicate(v.)_(n.)交流；沟通9argue(v.)(n.)争论；争吵,cloudy,unfold,swept,threw,thrown,lent,borrow,development,developing,developed,dropped,communication,argument,10explain(v.)(过去式/过去分词)解释；说明(n.)解释；说明11compare(n.)比较；对照12fair(adj.)(n.)公正性；公平性(反义词)不公平的；不公正的13ill(adj.)(n.)疾病；病14proper(adj.)(adv.)正确地；适当地15clear(adj.)(adv.)清楚地；清晰地；明白地16typical(adj.)(adv.)典型地17usual(adj.)(反义词)不寻常的；与众不同的(adv.)通常地；一般地18two(num.)(adv.)第二；其次,explained,explanation,comparison,fairness,unfair,illness,properly,clearly,typically,unusual,usually,second,1倒垃圾_2频繁，反复_3一就，尽快_4目的是，为了_5依靠，依赖_6照顾，处理_7快速查看，浏览_8重要的事_,takeouttherubbish,againandagain,assoonas,inorderto,dependon,takecareof,lookthrough,bigdeal,9成功地发展，解决_10和睦相处，关系良好_11删除，删去_12比较，对比_13依看_14吃惊地，惊讶地_15过来，顺便拜访_,workout,getonwith,cutout,compare.with,inonesopinion,insurprise,comeover,1_sweepthefloor？“你能扫一下地板吗？”Yes，_.“好的，当然可以。”2Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolwork_getgoodgradesand_agooduniversity.他们应该将时间花在学业上，为的是取得好成绩并考上好大学。3Also，whentheygetolder，theywillhavetodohousework，so_forthem_now.而且，当他们长大后，他们将必须做家务，所以他们现在没必要做家务。4Ithink_isnotsodifficult.I_them.我认为做家务并不是很难，我并不介意做家务。5Ifoundmysister_mythingsyesterday.昨天我发现我妹妹在翻阅我的东西。,Couldyouplease,sure,inorderto,getinto,thereisnoneed,todoit,doingchores,dontminddoing,lookingthrough,6Insteadhewatches_untillateatnight.相反，他想看什么就看什么，一直看到深夜。7_kidslearntobeindependent，_itisfortheirfuture.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。8_thesefeelingswithyourfamily？你为何不与你的家人谈谈这些感受呢？9People_theirkidssohard.人们不该把自己的孩子逼得太紧。10Theyarealways_them_otherchildren.他们总是把他们(自己的孩子)和其他孩子做比较。,whateverhewants,Theearlier,thebetter,Whydontyoutalkabout,shouldntpush,comparing,with,11Imstill_her.我还是生她的气。12Althoughsheswrong，itsnota_尽管她错了，但这并不是什么大不了的事。13Hopethings_希望事情会好起来。14MaybeIcould_afewoftheiractivities，butIbelievetheseactivitiesareimportantformychildrensfuture.或许我可以舍弃(放弃)他们的几个活动，但是我相信这些活动对我孩子们的未来是重要的。15Doctorssay_pressureisnt_achildsdevelopment.医生们说太多的压力不利于一个孩子的发展。,angrywith,bigdeal,workout,cutout,toomuch,goodfor,提出礼貌的请求和请求允许(Makepoliterequestsandaskforpermission)1Peter，couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?Sure/Certainly/Ofcourse/Yes，Mom.2CouldIuseyourcomputer?Sorry./Sorry，youcant.Imgoingtoworkonitnow.谈论问题(talkaboutproblems)Youlooktired.Whatsthematter/Whatswrong?IstudieduntilmidnightsoIdidntgetenoughsleep.,给出建议(Giveadvice)1WhatshouldIdo?Whydontyouforgetaboutit?Althoughsheswrong，itsnotabigdeal.2Whatshouldhedo?Heshouldtalktohisfriendsothathecansayhessorry.3Maybeyoucouldgotohishouse.IguessIcould，butIdontwanttosurprisehim.,1could表礼貌请求和允许(见本书P187)2连词(until，sothat和although)(见本书P177),1Youlookunhappy，John._?Well，Ifoundmymotherlookingthroughmymobilephoneyesterday.(2015，山西29题)AYouwanttorestBWhatswrongCHowdoyoudo2_?Sorry.ThereisnoonenamedGary.Youmusthavethewrongnumber.(2014，山西28题)ACanIhelpyouBWhatsthematterCIsthatGaryspeaking,B,C,3AstudentinFudanUniversitywaskilledbyhisroommatejustbecauseofsmallthingsindailylife.Itisimportantforstudentstolearnhowto_eachother.(2013，山西18题)AgetonwithBcomeovertoCstayawayfrom4Nobodybelievesa90yearoldcouldrunamarathon_shepassedthefinishingline.Peopleofallagescanchallengethemselves.(2012，山西22题)AifBsinceCuntil,A,C,compare【典例在线】Ifyoucomparethetwobooks，youwillfindthatthisoneisbetter.如果你比较一下这两本书，就会发现这一本更好。Compareyouranswerswiththose，youwillseeiftheyareright.把你的答案与那些对照一下，你就会知道它们是否正确。Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。【拓展精析】compare作及物动词，意为“比较”，compare.with.“把与作比较”，常用于同类比较。而compare.to.“把比作”，常用于异类比较、比喻。,【活学活用】1)Teachersareoften_burningcandles.AcomparedtoBcomparedwithCcomparedfrom,A,inorderto【典例在线】Inordertogetacompletepicture，furtherinformationisneeded.为了掌握全面情况，还需要详细资料。【拓展精析】inorderto意为“目的是；为了”，比单纯的todo更强调“目的”，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。其否定形式为inordernottodo。【活学活用】2)ManypeoplegivemoneytoProjectHope_helpthepoorchildrentogotoschool.AassoonasBsothatCinorderto,C,while【典例在线】Iwastakingabathwhilemymotherwaspreparingdinner.我妈妈准备晚餐的时候，我正在洗澡。TomwaswatchingTVwhile(hewas)eating.汤姆边吃东西边看电视。【拓展精析】while作从属连词，意为“当的时候；在期间”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作在从句动作的过程中发生，或者主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，且持续时间一般较长。当while所引导的从句与主句的主语相同，且该从句的动词为be动词时，从句的主语和be动词有时可以省略。,【活学活用】3)_thechildrenhavefun，parentscantakedancinglessonsonthebeach.AThoughBIfCWhileDOnce4)BobtookaphotoofhisgirlfriendwhilesheBattheparty.(2015，资阳)AdancesBwasdancingChasdancedDisdancing,C,mind【典例在线】DoyoumindifIopenthewindow？如果我打开窗户，你会介意吗？Wouldyoumindparkingyourcarthere？你介意把车停到那边吗？Notatall.不介意。【拓展精析】mind动词，意为“介意；在乎”，后常接从句或动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。Wouldyoumind.？是交际用语中表示“请求”的常用句型，意为“你介意吗？”其肯定回答(即不介意对方做某事)常用：Notatall./Certainlynot./Ofcoursenot.等。否定回答(即介意对方做某事)常用：Imsorry，but./Imafraidyoucant./Yes，youdbetternot.等。,【活学活用】5)Itstoocoldtoday.Wouldyoumind_thewindow？(2015，安顺)Certainlynot.Goahead.AtocloseBclosingCclose6)Wouldyoumindworkinginthecountryside?A.Iwillbegladtoworkthere.(2015，重庆)AOfcoursenotBImafraidsoCYoudbetternot,B,allow【典例在线】Whoallowedyoutoleavethecamp？谁允许你离开营地的？Theyallowedsmokinginthisroomonly.他们只允许在这个房间里抽烟。Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.这里不允许吸烟。【拓展精析】allow动词，意为“允许；准许”。allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事allowdoingsth.允许做某事beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事,【活学活用】7)Myparentsdidntallowme_totheparty.(2015，天津)AgoBtogoCgoesDwent8)Inourschool，boysarenot_(allow)tohavelonghair.,B,allowed,assoonas【典例在线】Thebabybegantocryassoonasshesawhermother.那个婴儿一看见她妈妈就开始哭。Wellgotoplaybasketballassoonastherainstopstomorrow.明天雨一停我们就出去打篮球。【拓展精析】assoonas意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句。在使用时，要注意主、从句时态一致。当主句是一般将来时或过去时时，从句应使用对应的一般现在时或过去时。,【活学活用】9)WouldyoupleasegivethisnewlypublishednoveltoJack？(2015，泰安)Certainly，_hecomesback.AbeforeBassoonasCuntilDunless,B,Foroneweek，shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI有一个星期，她没做任何家务，我也没做。【典例在线】Shedoesntliketea.NeitherdoI她不喜欢茶，我也不喜欢。Shecannotswimandneithercanhersister.她不会游泳，她的妹妹也不会。Theywillplaysoccertomorrow.他们明天去踢足球。Sowillwe.我们也去。SheknowslittleEnglish.她英语懂得不多。Soshedoes.她的确如此。,【拓展精析】neither作副词，意为“也不”。NeitherdidI是一个倒装句。“neither助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”，表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合另一个人或物。“So助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”表示与上述的肯定情况相同。“So主语助动词/情态动词/系动词”表示强调，即对前面所说的情况加以肯定。【活学活用】1)Ithinkyouaredifferentnow.(2016，攀枝花)Ofcourse，timeshavechangedand_AsohaveIBsoIhaveCneitherhaveIDneitherIhave,A,Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent，thebetteritisfortheirfuture.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。【典例在线】Themoreyoueat，thefatteryouwillbe.吃得越多，你就越胖。Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们的国家正变得越来越美丽。【拓展精析】“the比较级，the比较级”意思是“越，就越”。“比较级and比较级”意思是“越来越”。,【活学活用】2)“FoodSafety”problemisbecoming_thesedays.Ithinkso.Thegovernmentmustdosomethingtodealwithit.(2016，滨州)AsmallerandsmallerBworseandworseCbetterandbetterDnicerandnicer3)Royneverlikesjunkfood.NeitherdoIThatsprobablywhyImbecoming_now.(2016，达州)AhealthyandweakBhealthierandhealthierCweakerandweakerDmoreandmorehealthily,B,B,Whydontyoutalktoyourparents？你为什么不和你的父母谈谈呢？【典例在线】Whydontyoubuyasuitforyourhusband？你为什么不给你丈夫买一套西服呢？WhynotlearnsomeChinesepopsongs？为什么不学一些中国的流行歌曲呢？What/Howaboutgoingforawalk？去散步怎么样？,【拓展精析】Whydontyoudosth.？Whynotdosth.？是提建议的一种表达方式。类似的表达方式还有：What/Howaboutdoingsth.?Shallwedosth.?Letsdosth.Youdbetterdosth.其肯定答语为“Goodidea！/OK./Wonderful！/Great！/Soundsgood！”等；其否定答语为“Sorry，but.”等。,【活学活用】4)Itssohottoday.Why_goswimming?Soundsgreat!AnotBdontCdoyouDnotyou5)Look！Itsrainingheavily！_takearaincoatwithyou?Well，Illtakeonerightnow.(2014，阜康)AWhynotBWhydontCWouldyoumindDWouldyoulike6)ItsagoodchancetogotoShanghai._yougiveitup?Well，Illcatchit.AWhydontBWhynotCWouldyoulikeDWouldyoumind,A,A,A,borrow，lend与keep【典例在线】IborrowedabookfromJackyesterday.昨天我从杰克那里借了一本书。Jacklentmeabookyesterday./Jacklentabooktomeyesterday.昨天杰克借给我一本书。HowlongcanIkeepthebook？这本书我可以借用多长时间？,【拓展精析】borrow指“借入”或“借他人的东西供自己使用”。固定短语borrowsth.fromsb.意为“向某人借某物”。lend指“(把自己的东西)借出”。固定短语lendsb.sth.或lendsth.tosb.意为“借给某人某物”。keep意为“保存；保留”，可引申为“借用”，此时常与一段时间或howlong等连用。,【活学活用】1)Jim，canI_yourcar?Sorry，I_ittoStevenjustnow.Howlongwillhe_it?Twodays.2)Tobuyhouse，he_muchmoneyfromhisrelativesandfriends.AkeptBboughtCborrowed,borrow,lent,keep,C,provide与offer【典例在线】Theyprovidedthechildrenwithgoodfoodandclothing.他们给孩子们提供了健康的食物和优质的衣服。Themanageroffersajobtomeinhiscompany.那个经理在他的公司里给我提供了一份工作。,【拓展精析】,【活学活用】3)Thatcompany_(提供)uswith3，000dollarsin2015.4)Parentsoften_theirchildrensomegoodadvice.(2014，兰州)Aoffer；withBoffer；/Cprovide；withDbothBandC,provided,D,instead，insteadof与ratherthan【典例在线】LastsummerIwenttoQingdao.ThissummerImgoingtoDalianinstead.去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将改去大连。Weshoulddosomethinginsteadofjusttalkingaboutit.Weshoulddosomethingratherthanjusttalkaboutit.我们不应该只是谈论，而应该做点什么。【拓展精析】instead作副词，意为“代替；而不是”，常位于句首或句末。insteadof和ratherthan都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，两者都可接名词、代词等作宾语。其后接动词时，insteadof后接v.ing而ratherthan后常接动词原形。,【活学活用】5)Ifyourebusy，youmaycomeanotherday_6)Hewouldplaycomputergames_dohishomework.7)Youshouldtryyourbesttofinishit_givingup.,instead,ratherthan,insteadof,
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