2019届高三英语开学二调考试试题(含解析).doc

2019届高三英语开学二调考试试题(含解析)本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. How many minutes does the woman think John will be late for the meeting?A. 10 minutes. B. 15 minutes. C. 20 minutes.2. What does the man think the building will probably be?A. An apartment building. B. A hotel. C. A store.3. How does the man feel about his present job seeking?A.He is confident. B. He is tired of it. C. He is not quite sure.4. What do you know about the price of meat?A. It is going up every day. B. It is high everywhere. C. It is higher in other stores.5. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In the kitchen.B. In the living room.C. In the study.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. How does the woman feel at the beginning of the conversation?A. Relieved. B. Angry. C. Excited.7. Which city will the art exhibition go to next week?A. Los Angeles.B. New York.C. Chicago.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Where did the man live before?A. In the Oak Greek apartments.B. In the dorm.C. In a house he rented.9. What does the man do since others do the cooking?A. Cook meals. B. Do the shopping. C. Learn how to cook.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. How is the woman going to New York?A. By train. B. By plane. C. By bus.11. Why are the tickets cheaper?A. It is slower.B. There is no place to sleep.C. It arrives at midnight.12. How much will the woman pay for the tickets?A. $25. B. $30. C. $50.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. When will the man arrive at the airport?A. At 8:00. B. At 9:00. C. At 10:00.14. Which of the following is the man most likely to do in Italy?A. Attend an art school. B. Lie on the beach. C. Visit art exhibitions.15. How is the man going the travel in Milan?A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By car.16. What will the woman probably do during her vacation?A. Have a relaxing time. B. Stay at home. C. Take a summer course.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What can we learn from the speaker?A. Judge everything from facts.B. People may fool you by putting up a good appearance.C. Dont judge a persons intelligence by his appearance.18. What do we know about the young man?A. He is stupid.B. He is a talented writer.C. He likes chatting.19. What can we know from the example of the student?A. The teacher is fooled by the intelligent student.B. The student is good at giving the teacher a good impression.C. The teacher knows the students tricks.20. What is the accurate suggestion given by the speaker?A. Judging a book by its cover.B. Keeping a close eye on a student.C. Taking time to observe a person.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Alex Elman runs a big business something difficult to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties. But Elman says that losing her sight helped her focus on finding success.Elmans father planted a hillside vineyard in western Massachusetts in 1981. Its where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life. When she was 27 years old, she went blind due to plications from juvenile diabetes (糖尿病) 17 years ago. She recalled, “I hid in my home. I hid in the place. For me, that was the safest place in the world.”Elman is now the founder of Alex Elman Wines, a growing portfolio (系列产品) of organic wines from all around the world: Chianti from Italy, Torrontes from Argentina. Elman doesnt work alone. Her assistant, a guide dog named Hanley, is something of a wine snob, and quite a beggar. Hanley travels to all of the wineries that Elman does, from South America to Europe.At first, Elman resisted the idea of a guide-dog. Now its hard to imagine her life, or her business, without him. She said. “When someone tells me something is organic and I dont really believe it because I taste something funny on it, Ill put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine, hell go to sniff it. If its not right, hell turn his head away. He gets in the dirt with me. He scratches around. He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies. Thats how we know that the soil is actually organic, and that there are no chemicals.”Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift. She said, “It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the broken hang nail is not a big deal, you know what I mean? Dont sweat the small stuff. Dont sweat the big stuff either.”1. Elman hid herself in her fathers vineyard probably because she _.A. suffered from juvenile diabetesB. was extremely painful for her blindnessC. would like to help her father with the workD. expected to recover her sight sooner or later2. The underlined phrase “the broken hang nail” (in Paragraph 5) probably refers to _.A. a nail which is of no useB. a disadvantage you have in your lifeC. a person who is hard to deal withD. a task that is not easy to acplish3. This passage is mainly to tell us that _.A. Alex Elman leads a miserable lifeB. Hanley brings Alex Elman much funC. Alex Elman gets along well with her petD. a blind woman tastes success in wine business【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了盲人亚历克斯艾尔曼创立了酒企业的事迹。埃尔曼在27岁的时候失明，但是她并没有消极对待人生，在导盲犬的帮助下，她成功的创立了自己的公司，有了自己的品牌。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文中第二段可知，当她失明后，她把自己藏在了父亲的葡萄酒园里，是因为她当时内心很痛苦，故B选项正确。【2题详解】词义猜测题。由画线部分前面提到作者认为失明对她来说是一份礼物而不是灾难，因为她懂得了什么是重要的，这里作者想告诉人们生活中的困难并没有什么了不起，所以破碎的钉子指的是生活中的困难。故B选项正确。【3题详解】主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了一个盲人女人成功的创建了她自己的酒企业。D选项正确。BRegardless of how far wed like to believe gender（性别）equality in the workplace has e, theres still a yawning gap between male and female leaders in the professional world. A xx statistic shows that women nowadays hold just 5.8 percent of CEOs positions at S&P 500 panies, according to Catalyst.While its not a huge shock that women are somewhat underrepresented in leadership positions, what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.In their research, Professor Oyvind L. Martinsen and Professor Lars Glas surveyed (调查) 2,900 managers with a special focus on personality types. The results were clear: Women scored higher than men in four of the five major leadership-centric categories.While some people believe that meninherentlymake better leaders probably because they picture a leader with a manding voice, which is more typical of men than women this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as ability to municate clearly.There was one area in which men scored higher than women, though, and that was on emotional stability and ability to face job-related pressure and stress. The results suggest that women are more sensitive to the effects of high-pressure or highly emotional situations.Obviously, its important to consider individual (个人的) differences. Anyone, regardless of gender, may be an inspiring leader and a petent boss. But next time youre hiring for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes (简历) from female candidates a harder look.4. What makes us shocked much at leadership positions?A. Women are worse than men.B. Men take almost all high positions.C. There is a huge gap between genders.D. Women might behave better in nearly every field.5. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “inherently” in Paragraph 4?A. properly B. potentiallyC. naturally D. normally6. Which of the following may be the best title of this text?A. How We Can Figure Out The BossB. Why Women Are Better Than MenC. Why Women Make The Best BossesD. How We Can Tell Gender Difference7. Who might have special interest in this article?A. Job hunters.B. Employers.C. Employees.D. Male bosses.【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文讲述了在工作领域男性领导人和女性领导人地位不平等现象，指出一个研究结果显示，在领导位置上，女性可能在各个领域表现更好，倡议雇主在招聘领导岗位员工时应多考虑女性。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.得知，让人惊讶的是，在领导位置上，女性可能在各个领域表现更好。故选D。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders probably because they picture a leader with a manding voice, which is more typical of men than women得知，人们认为男性自然能成为更好的领导者，划线词意思是“自然地”。故选C。【6题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要围绕一个研究结果来展开论述，根据第四段this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as ability to municate clearly.得知，本文强调了女性在管理层的地位，因此“为什么女性是最好的老板”这个标题切题。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句But next time youre hiring for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes(简历) from female candidates a harder look.（但下次你要招聘一个管理职位时，你可能只想更认真地从女性候选人的简历中找出一份。）得知，雇主们会对这篇文章感兴趣。故选B。CWhen Ariyah Georges was born 15 weeks early, she weighed only one pound, 12 ounces. Her mother, Jovan, knew how important breastfeeding was, especially for a premature (早产的) baby like Ariyah, so she began pumping milk to feed her through a tube. But two days later, Jovan felt dizzy and feverish 104 Fahrenheit degrees, in fact. She had a blood disease and was close to full shock.She was separated from others for nearly two weeks at the regional Northern Virginia hospital where shed delivered. During that time, she could still pump breast milk, but Ariyah couldnt consume it because of the risk of infection (感染). Without it, the newborn was particularly easily affected by diseases. There are many cases like this, which creates the need for the milk donation.Enter donor milk breast milk purchased by hospitals for mothers who arent able to produce enough milk on their own, due to health plications, stresses, or other factors. The milk es from milk banks, organizations that collect and screen breast milk from those women willing to donate. Usually processed in intensive-care units, the milk is only available by prescription.In recent years, both milk banks and the use of donated human milk have risen swiftly in the United States. In xx, 22 percent of NICUs used donor breast milk; four years later, that number doubled to nearly 40 percent, and went even higher for the most intensive NICUs as much as 75 percent. There are 23 milk banks in the United States recognized by the Human Milk Banking Association of North America, or HMBANA, double the number that existed five years ago.But as the demand for donor milk rises, banks must find more charitable donors a task made more plicated by informal networks of milk sharing that happens online. And many of the most vulnerable infants are still not being reached.8. Whats the problem of Ariyah when she was born?A. She had a shock.B. She was too light.C. She had a blood infection.D. She felt dizzy and feverish.9. Whats the influence if a mom has no breast milk?A. The mom can still pump breast milk.B. The mom will have to stay at the hospital.C. The baby will be separated from others.D. It is more likely for the baby to catch a disease.10. What is the purpose of using figures in Paragraph 4?A. To call healthy moms to donate breast milk.B. To show the demand change of donated human milk.C. To show the shortage of breast milk in milk banks.D. To raise the awareness of the importance of breast milk.11. Where would you most probably see the text above?A. In a historical fiction.B. In a science magazine.C. In an entertainment newspaper.D. In a textbook.【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. B【解析】本文为说明文。文章通过Ariyah Georges对母乳的需求引出社会现象社会对于母乳捐赠需求量急剧增长，这导致美国的母乳银行必须要找更多的捐赠者，这使得发生在网上的非正式捐赠网络变得复杂，而最脆弱的婴儿仍然得不到母乳。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段When Ariyah Georges was born 15 weeks early, she weighed only one pound, 12 ounces.可知，Ariyah Georges因为早出生15周，所以只有一磅十二盎司，也就是体重太轻。所以B正确。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段Without it, the newborn was particularly easily affected by diseases.可知，孩子如果得不到母乳可能会生病，所以D正确。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话In recent years, both milk banks and the use of donated human milk have risen swiftly in the United States.可知，本段主要讲述在美国近年来捐赠的母乳急剧增多，所以B正确。【11题详解】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了社会对于母乳捐赠的需求量增加这一社会现象，所以可以推出出自科学杂志，A. In a historical fiction.历史小说，C. In an entertainment newspaper. 娱乐报纸，D. In a textbook.教科书，明显不符合常识。故选B。DOne of the most striking findings of a newly research in the UK is that of the people interviewed, one in two believes that it is being more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start close relationships? Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love? Or are we making it harder for ourselves? It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships. Women no longer rely upon partners for money or status. A man doesnt expect his wife to be in sole (唯一的) charge of running his household and raising his children.But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.In theory, finding a partner should be much simpler these days. Only a few generations ago, your choice of soul mate was limited by geography, social convention and family tradition. Although it was never clear, many marriages were essentially arranged. Now those barriers have been broken down. You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster (牡蛎), you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by the limitation of choice. The expectations of partners are raised to an unmanageable degree: good looks, impressive salary, kind to grandmother, and right socks. There is no room for error in the first impression.We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isnt, it should be ended. We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and dont put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship. Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating difficult. The cost of housing and child-raising creates pressure to have a stable ine and career before a life partnership.12. What is a contemporary family like in UK today?A. Couples share the burdens.B. Men begin to depend on women.C. Women are responsible for housework.D. It is difficult to take care of a family.13. Why do people preserve their independence?A. To live alone happily.B. To have more choices.C. To avoid marriages.D. To ignore traditions.14. What makes it hard for people to date?A. Mental headache in dating.B. The pressure to survive.C. Bad luck in finding a partner.D. The faith between life partners.15. What is the author trying to inform us in this text?A. Perfect marriages conflict with independence.B. People should spend more money on marriages.C. The expectations and reality separate the lovers.D. Independence is much more important than love.【答案】12. A 13. A 14. B 15. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。根据英国最新的一项研究发现，50%的人觉得找到相伴一生的另一半更加困难了。本文简单地分析了造成这种现象的可能原因，指出对对方的期望过高以及经济压力较大的现实是阻碍找到另一半的原因。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status. A man doesnt expect his wife to be in sole (唯一的) charge of running his household and raising his children.可知，现在的女子在经济上独立，男子也不能指望女子负责所有的家务和养孩子，说明现在是夫妻双方共同承担负担。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.可知，人们认为独自生活也很好这种观念使得人们不愿意放弃他们的独立生活。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating(约会) difficult.可知，12小时的工作使得人们约会变得很困难，繁忙的工作花费了人们太多的精力，也就是生存的压力使得约会变得困难。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要分析现在的人们为什么很难找到生活伴侣，其原因可能主要是对对方的期望过高以及经济压力较大的现实。故选C。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是介绍一个研究结果的，文章第一段首先指出这种现象，二、三、四、五段分析造成这种现象的原因，最后一段是总结。因此，考生直接抓住最后一段中的“The cost of housing and child-raising creates pressure to have a stable ine and career before a life partnership.”即可找到文章中心。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。It is sometimes thought that the longing for material goods, the need to buy things, is a relatively modern invention. _16_ Trade or shopping is certainly an ancient desire, and existed before our ancestors invented writing, laws, cities or farming, even before they used metal to make tools.Humans are born to trade. _17_ Evidence from hunter-gatherers suggests that the exchange of food and other necessary things es naturally, as well as the ability to keep a record of the credits involved. And once trade begins, the benefits are hard to resist.Ancient local coastal people in northern Australia traded fish hooks, along a chain of trading partners, with people living 400 miles inland, who cut and polished local stone to make axes (斧子). _18_ Finally, both groups of “producers”, by concentrating on things they could produce and exchanging them for other things they needed, benefited as a result.Trade in the necessities of life, such as food and simple tools, is not really surprising, considering the link between these basic items and survival. What is surprising, though, is that our taste for unnecessary expensive objects also goes back a long way.In South Africa, 100,000-year-old decorative dyes (染料) have been found in an area where none were produced. _19_ Small round pieces of glass 76,000 years old were also found at the same place. The earliest jewellery known to us were not just random findings they were grouped together in size and had holes like those used for threading onto a necklace.Archaeologists argue that trade prepared the way for the plex societies in which we live today. _20_ However, their modern equivalents fast cars and expensive clothes hold the same attraction for us as “trade goods” did for people 100,000 years ago.A. And we dont need shops or money to do it.B. These are powerful evidence for cash purchase.C. In fact, its roots go back to the beginning of humanity.D. However, first trade began from the exchange of objects.E. Modern-day shoppers may not be impressed by ancient glass pieces.F. It is thought that these goods were bought at least 30 kilometres away.G. Every individual along the chain made a profit, even if he produced neither himself.【答案】16. C 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. E【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了人类贸易交换的历史和发展。【16题详解】上文It is sometimes thought that the longing for material goods, the need to buy things, is a relatively modern invention.提到有时认为对物质东西的渴望，买东西的需要，相对来说，是一种现代的发明，下文Trade or shopping is certainly an ancient desire, and existed before our ancestors invented writing, laws, cities or farming, even before they used metal to make tools.提到贸易或是购物是一种古代的欲望，在我们的祖先发明书写、法律、城市或者农业之前就存在，甚至在他们使用金属制造工具之前，需要填的内容起一个承上启下的作用，故选C，事实上，它的根源追溯到人类的开始。【17题详解】上文Humans are born to trade.提到人类生来就是贸易的，下文 Evidence from hunter-gatherers suggests that the exchange of food and other necessary things es naturally, as well as the ability to keep a record of the credits involved.提到来自狩猎者的证据