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八年级下册Units3-4,.单词分类记忆【核心速记】不可不记1._(n.)垃圾;废弃物2._(v.)扫;打扫3._(n.)杂乱;不整洁4._(v.)扔;掷5._(v.)给;递;走过;通过6._(n.)浪费;垃圾(v.)浪费;滥用,rubbish,sweep,mess,throw,pass,waste,7._(v.)提供;供应8._(v.)发展;壮大9._(n.)协议;交易10._(adj.)焦虑的;担忧的11._(v.)解释;说明12._(v.)造成;引起,provide,develop,deal,nervous,explain,cause,【联想串记】不可不知1.independent(adj.)_(n.)独立2.fair(adj.)_(adj.反义词)不合理的;不公平的_(n.)公正性;合理性3.right(adj.)_(adj.反义词)有毛病的;错误的municate(v.)_(n.)交流;沟通5.old(adj.)_(比较级)更老的;更旧的_(比较级)年纪较长的,independence,unfair,fairness,wrong,communication,older,elder,6.second(num.)_(adv.)第二;其次7.press(v.)_(n.)压力8.quick(adj.)_(adv.)快地,迅速地9.develop(v.)_(n.)发展;发育,secondly,pressure,quickly,development,.短语双语互译1.频繁;反复_thetime2.一就;尽快_soon_3.目的是;为了inorder_4.给某人提供某物providesb._sth.providesth._sb.offersth._sb.5.快速查看;浏览look_6.成功地发展;解决work_,all,as,as,to,with,for,to,through,out,7.和睦相处geton_8.和某人为某事争吵argue_sb._sth.9.删除;删去cut_10.比较;对比compare._11.takeouttherubbish_12.takecareof_13.inonesopinion_,with,with,about,out,with,倒垃圾,照顾;处理,依看,.句型超级填写1.彼得,请你把垃圾倒掉好吗?Peter,_takeouttherubbish?2.怎么了?_?3.你今天晚上为什么不早点睡呢?_gotosleepearlierthisevening?,couldyouplease,Whatswrong,Whydontyou,4.然而,疲惫的孩子们直到晚上七点之后才到家。However,thetiredchildren_gethome_after7:00p.m.5.我认为那不公平。I_thatsfair.,dont,until,dontthink,【核心词汇】1.lendv.借给;借出【填一填思维激活】你能借给我一些钱吗?Couldyou_mesomemoney?我每个星期都从图书馆借书。I_books_thelibraryeveryweek.这本书我可以借多长时间?HowlongcanI_thebook?答案:lendborrow;fromkeep,【记一记知识构建】“借”法不同,【巧学助记】,【练一练走近中考】(2014南充中考)Excuseme,canI_yourpen?Sorry,Ihave_ittoBob.A.borrow;lentB.borrow;borrowedC.lend;borrowedD.lend;lent,2.inorderto目的是;为了【填一填思维激活】为了完成那篇报告,他熬夜到很晚。_finishthereport,hestayeduplate.Manystudentsstartworksothattheycanhelpprovidebetterlivesfortheirparents.(改为同义句)Manystudentsstartwork_helpprovidebetterlivesfortheirparents.答案:Inordertoinorderto,【记一记知识构建】inorderto用法总结(1)inorderto“为了”,可以用于句首或句中,其否定式为inordernotto。(2)inorderto相当于soasto,但是soasto多用于否定句中,其否定式为soasnotto。,(3)inorderto和soasto表示目的时,可以转化为inorderthat或sothat引导的目的状语从句。为了赶上早班车,他不得不早起。Hehastogetupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.Hehastogetupearlyinorderthathecancatchtheearlybus.Hehastogetupearlysothathecancatchtheearlybus.,【练一练走近中考】(2014广东中考)Inorder_forthemeeting,mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.A.nottobelateB.notbeinglateC.tobelateD.beinglate,【教师备选】(2012连云港中考)AlotoffamousdoctorsgatheredinHarbin_save“Chinasmostbeautifulteacher”MsZhangLili.A.sothatB.inordertoC.inorderthatD.asaresult,3.providev.提供;供应【填一填思维激活】城市为乡村提供电力,乡村为城市提供蔬菜和粮食。Thecity_electricity_thecountrywhilethecountry_thecity_vegetablesandcrops.Theschoollibraryoffersplentyofbookstousstudents.(改为同义句)=Theschoollibrary_plentyofbooks_usstudents.=Theschoollibrary_usstudents_plentyofbooks.,答案:provides;for;provides;withprovides;for;provides;with,【辨一辨考点突破】provide,give和offer的区别三个词均有“供给;供应”之意,区别主要在结构上。,【温馨提示】若offer所接的直接宾语和间接宾语都为代词时,只能用后者。offerittosb.(代词),【练一练走近中考】(2014兰州中考)Parentsoften_theirchildren_somegoodadvice.A.offer;withB.offer;/C.provide;withD.bothBandC,4.allowv.允许;准许【填一填思维激活】我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们一起闲逛。Myparentsdont_me_outwithmyfriends.你知道的,这条河是禁止小孩游泳的。Youknowthechildren_swiminthisriver.他母亲不允许在家里抽烟。Hismotherdoesntallow_athome.答案:allow;tohangarenotallowedtosmoking,【记一记知识构建】allow的用法allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事allowdoingsth.允许做某事beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事,【练一练走近中考】(2014呼和浩特中考)WhydontyouwatchTVathome?Idloveto,butmymotherdoesntallowme_that.A.doB.didC.todoD.doing,5.workout成功地发展;解决【填一填思维激活】希望事情顺利解决。Hopethingswork_.他正致力于一项新的发明。Heisworking_anewinvention.答案:outat,【记一记知识构建】与work有关的常用短语,【练一练走近中考】(2014贵阳中考)ThismathproblemissohardthatIcant_.Pleasegivemesomeadvice.A.lookoutitB.workitoutC.giveitout,6.getonwith和睦相处;关系良好【填一填思维激活】我的问题是我不能与家人和睦相处。MyproblemisthatIcant_myfamily.Imgettingonwellwithmynewclassmates.(对画线部分提问)_yougettingonwithyournewclassmates?答案:getonwithHoware,【记一记知识构建】geton的用法(1)geton=getalong相处;进展;与合得来(2)geton/alongwellwithsb.与某人相处得好(3)geton/alongwellwithsth.某事进展得好(4)Howareyougettingon/alongwithsb./sth.?你与某人相处得怎样?/某事进展如何?,【练一练走近中考】(2014兰州中考)Goodmannerscanmakepeople_eachother.A.getonwellwithB.getoffC.getoverD.getaway,pare.with.比较;对比【填一填思维激活】他们总是拿自己的孩子与别的孩子作比较。Theyarealways_theirownchildren_otherchildren.Weoftencomparethechildren_(to/with)happybirds.答案:comparing;withto,【辨一辨考点突破】compare的两种搭配,【练一练走近中考】(苏州中考)要是把她和他的家庭作业比较一下,你就会发现她的要好得多。_答案:Ifyoucompareherhomeworkwithhis,youllfindhersismuchbetter.,【重点句型】1.Peter,couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?彼得,请你把垃圾倒掉好吗?,【思一思句型剖析】,【归纳拓展】各种“请求”的表达方式,【练一练走近中考】(2014泰州中考)Couldyoucarrythatheavyboxforme?_.Imstrongenough.A.NotatallB.NoproblemC.GoodideaD.Nevermind,2.Whydontyougotosleepearlierthisevening?你今天晚上为什么不早点睡呢?【思一思句型剖析】(1)如何提出建议,(2)回答建议的常用句型:肯定答语:Goodidea./OK./Allright./Sure./Certainly.否定答语:No,thanks./Sorry,Icant./Imafraidnot.,【练一练走近中考】(2014龙东中考)Youlooktootired.Whynot_arest?Soundsgood.A.stophavingB.tostophavingC.stoptohave(2014铜仁中考)Itstoohot.Whynotgoswimmingwithus?_A.Goodidea!B.Thatsright!C.Welldone!D.Congratulations!,3.Insteadhewatcheswhateverhewantsuntillateatnight.相反,他看他想看的任何节目直到晚上很晚。【思一思句型剖析】(1)whatever引导让步状语从句,相当于nomatterwhat,意为“无论什么,不管什么”。Callmewhenyougetthere,whateverthetimeis.无论什么时间,你到了那儿就给我打电话。,(2)引导让步状语从句的单词和短语:however=nomatterhow(无论怎样)whenever=nomatterwhen(无论何时)whatever=nomatterwhat(无论什么)whoever=nomatterwho(无论谁)whichever=nomatterwhich(无论哪一个),【练一练走近中考】(2013兰州中考)不论发生任何事,我都不会改变心意。_happens,Iwontchangemymind.答案:Whatever,【要点备选】1.neitheradv.也不【填一填思维激活】她一周没有做家务,我也没有做。Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkand_.Neitherofus_(know)thewaytothesupermarketbecausewearenew.答案:neitherdidIknows,【记一记知识构建】neither的用法,【练一练走近中考】(2014成都中考)Cansheplaytheguitarortheviolin?_.Butshecanplaythedrums.A.BothB.EitherC.Neither(2014南充中考)Hehasntseenthatinterestingfilmbefore._.A.SohaveIB.NeitherhaveIC.NordoID.SodoI,2.assoonas一就;尽快【填一填思维激活】我刚坐到电视机前妈妈就过来了。Mymomcameover_IsatdowninfrontoftheTV.请尽快给我写信。Pleasewritetome_.答案:assoonasassoonaspossible,【记一记知识构建】assoonas的用法(1)assoonas引导时间状语从句,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。(2)assoonaspossible=assoonasonecan/could,意为“尽可能快地”。,【练一练走近中考】(2014菏泽中考)Whenwillyoureturnthebooktome?Illgiveittoyou_Ifinishit.A.onceB.untilC.assoonasD.unless,【变式备选】(2012宜宾中考)我一到杭州就给你打电话。Iwillcallyouas_asI_inHangzhou.答案:soon;arrive,3.sinceconj.因为;既然prep.自以来【填一填思维激活】Hehaslivedthereforalongtime.(改为同义句)Hehaslivedthere_alongtime_.既然他们和父母住在一起,他们就应该懂得人人都有责任保持家的干净整洁。_theyliveinonehousewiththeirparents,theyshouldknowthateveryoneshoulddotheirpartinkeepingitcleanandtidy.答案:since;agoSince,【记一记知识构建】since的两种词性(1)作介词,since+(过去的)某一时刻=for+一段时间,表示一段时间。(2)作连词,引导时间状语从句,主句通常用现在完成时,从句通常用一般过去时。,【练一练走近中考】(2014黄冈中考)Icanhardlybelievemyeyes.Isthatyou,Lucy?Yes.Ithasbeenalmost20years_weweretogether.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.until,4.lookthrough快速查看;浏览【填一填思维激活】我发现我妹妹在翻我的东西。Ifoundmysister_mythings.我忘了Tony的电话号码,让我查一下电话本。IforgetTonysphonenumber;letme_inthetelephonebook.答案:lookingthroughlookitup,【看一看图解考点】(1)“look+介词”型,(2)“look+副词”型,【练一练走近中考】(2013十堰中考)Hereisthebook.First_itandthentellmewhatyouthinkofit.A.lookintoB.lookthroughC.lookupD.lookafter,【变式备选】(2013杭州中考)ThismorningI_somenewrestaurantsontheInternetforIwantedtotakeMiatoanicerestaurantforherbirthday.A.pickedupB.lookedupC.cleanedupD.gaveup【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:今天早上我在网上查询了一些新饭店,因为我想带Mia去一家好的餐馆给她过生日。pickup“捡起”,lookup“查询;向上看”,cleanup“清除”,giveup“放弃”,故选B。,5.dependon依靠;信赖【填一填思维激活】现在的孩子太依赖父母了。Childrenthesedays_theirparentstoomuch.Yoursuccessdependsonwhetheryouworkhardornot.(译成汉语)_(放心吧),theywillpasstheexamination.答案:dependon你成功与否取决于你是否努力工作。Dependonit,【记一记知识构建】depend的相关短语依靠，依赖dependon/upon取决于，视而定it相信，放心,【练一练走近中考】(2014六盘水中考)Whenshallwego?Ithasntbeendecidedyet.It_theweather.A.beginswithB.leadstoC.dependsonD.thinksof,【变式备选】(2013湖州中考)Shallwegoforapicnictomorrow?Well,itall_theweather.A.belongstoB.happenstoC.dependsonD.concentrateson,6.arguev.争吵;争论【填一填思维激活】当他们争吵时,我们家上空就像罩着一大片乌云。Whenthey_,itslikeabig,blackcloudhangingoverourhome.汤姆很谦虚,他从不喜欢和别人争论。Tomisverymodest,andheneverlikes_others.答案:arguearguingwith,【记一记知识构建】argue的两种常用结构,【练一练走近中考】(2013吉林中考)Dad,Iwanttogohikingwithmyfriends,butmymumsaidno!Iknow.Butyoushouldntquarrelwithher.A.argueB.tellC.talk,7.returnv.归还;回来;返回【填一填思维激活】Mycousinborrowsmythingswithout_(return)them.Hedidntphonemewhenhegotbackhome.(改为同义句)Hedidntphonemewhenhe_home.答案:returningreturned,【记一记知识构建】(1)returnvi.返回(=get/comeback),return不能和back连用(2)returnvt.归还(=giveback),把某物还给某人returnsth.tosb.=returnsb.sth.,【练一练走近中考】(2014台州中考)Whereareyougoing?Tothelibrary.Ivefinishedreadingthisbook,soImgoingto_it.A.buyB.throwC.returnD.borrow,8.cutout删除;删去【填一填思维激活】也许我可以删除一些他们的活动。MaybeIcould_afewoftheiractivities.Dontcut_(off/up/down/out)thesetrees.答案:cutoutdown,【记一记知识构建】cut短语小结,9.MyproblemisthatIcantgetonwithmyfamily.我的问题是我不能和我的家人和睦相处。【思一思句型剖析】句中that引导表语从句。that引导表语从句只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,无意义,但不能省略。例如:Thereasonisthatyoudonttrusther.原因是你不信任她。,【归纳拓展】that引导的主语从句及宾语从句(1)that引导主语从句that引导主语从句时,that在从句中不充当成分,但不可以省略。为了使句子结构平衡,有时用it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句则置于后面。例如:Thatshegetsonwellwithherclassmatesisknowntousall.(=Itisknowntousallthatshegetsonwellwithherclassmates.)众所周知,她与同学们相处得很好。,类似常见结构如下:Itsclear/certain/truethat.Itsapity/agoodidea/nowonderthat.Itssaid/reported/believedthat.(2)that引导宾语从句that引导宾语从句时,that在从句中不充当成分,一般可以省略。例如:Theteachertoldus(that)theearthgoesaroundthesun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。10.Idontthinkthatsfair.我认为那不公平。,【思一思句型剖析】think否定前移的用法(1)I/Wethinkthat从句,若从句要表示否定意义,在形式上常否定前面的主句。(2)此类从句若主语是第一人称,反意疑问句要反问从句主语;若主语是第二或第三人称,反意疑问句要反问主句主语。例如:TheydontthinkIcancomebacktomorrow,dothey?,【温馨提示】believe,suppose,imagine,guess等后接宾语从句时,若宾语从句要表示否定意义,在形式上应该否定前面的主句;若主语是第一人称,其反意疑问句要反问从句主语。,【练一练走近中考】(2013黄石中考)Idontthinkthenewly-directedfilmbyZhaoWeiisasinterestingaspeoplesay,_?A.doyouB.isntitC.isitD.dontyou,专题十一精细研读解任务型阅读命题角度1回答问题(2014重庆中考).“Yes,”saidtheboy,“Ifailedyesterday,butIthoughtthatifIkeptontryingawhile,Icoulddoit.SoIwenthomeandpracticedhittinganailwithasticktillIcoulddoit,andIgotupveryearlythismorning,andtriedagain.”,Theoldmansaid,“Youaretheboyforme,”andgavehimthejob.Whatevertheboyhadtodo,hetriedtodohisbest.Itwasnotverylongbeforehebecamethebestclerkinthestore.66.Didthethinboygetthejobatlast?_,【注意词形，完善句子】考查对文章的理解能力和对语言的组织能力。要求考生通过对文章的理解,用简洁的语言,用自己所拥有的英语知识对所提问题进行回答。这类题型要求考生有较扎实的语言基础和较强的综合运用英语的能力。,【分析】本问题是一般疑问句,应当用简单的模式“Yes.”或“No.”来回答。根据“Youaretheboyforme,”和“Itwasnotverylongbeforehebecamethebestclerkinthestore.”可以推测出,这个男孩得到了工作。本题的关键是找出适当的助动词和代词。由theboy可知,代词用he,再结合问句中的Did可知,答案为Yes,hedid.。,命题角度2完成句子(2014天津中考)Next,youshouldtrytoavoidcontactwiththevirusesthatcausecolds.Ifyoucan,stayawayfromlargecrowds.Whenpeoplecough(咳嗽)andsneeze(打喷嚏),thecoldvirusgoesintotheair.Donotshareadrinkingcup,fork,orspoonwithsomeoneelsebecausethatcouldspreadthevirus.Washingyourhandsisalsoagoodwaynottocatchacold.Thecoldvirusmaybeonthethingsliketelephonesandmoney.Shakinganotherpersonshandcouldevenspreadthevirus.Bywashingyourhands,youcanstopthevirusfrominfecting(传染)you.,Followingthesuggestionsaboveuntildoctorsfindawaytostopthevirusesthatcausecolds.80.Bywashingyourhands,youcan_frominfectingyou.,【忠于原文，灵活多变】要求考生通过阅读材料,获取相关信息,以填写词语或补全句子的方式完成题目。这种题目中所填的词或词组往往具有很高的概括性和准确性,因此,考生必须认真阅读材料,尽可能地从短文中找到所要填写的内容。【分析】根据“Bywashingyourhands,youcanstopthevirusfrominfectingyou.”可得知,通过洗手可以阻止病菌的传染,故答案为stopthevirus。,命题角度3改写句子(2014哈尔滨中考)Doyouknow“Survival(生存)Holidays”?Itisforchildrentogointolonelyplacesforvariousthings,includingafewadventures.Theyneedtotakegoodcareofthemselves.ChildreninbigcitiesspendtoomuchtimewatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.“SurvivalHolidays”cangivethemagreatchange.Duringthe“SurvivalHolidays”,childrenhavetodothingsontheirown.Theymustlearnwhattodowithoutadultswhentheyareoutside.Forexample,kidswilllearnhow,tocrossaroadandavoidaccidents,howtoclimbhillsandhowtocooperatewithteammates.Allthesesurvivalskillsarehelpfulintheirlife.Evenyearslater,whattheylearntintheholidaysisstillgreattreasureforthem.任务3:同义句转换,每空一词Theyneedtotakegoodcareofthemselves.Theyneedto_themselveswell.,【厚积薄发，准确转换】要求在阅读材料的基础上,根据命题要求,改写文中的句子,包括同义句、简单句与复合句的转换等。这就需要考生多积累一些同(反)义词(组)和常用的句型。【分析】原句中的takegoodcareof表示“好好照顾”,在第二句的句末出现了well,这说明所填的词语中应当有行为动词,结合句意可知,答案为lookafter。,命题角度4完成表格(2014南京中考)阅读下面短文,根据所读内容,在文章后第5665小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。MaymeClaytoncollectedbooks,magazinesandletterswrittenbyAfricanAmericans.Herson,AveryClayton,thoughthercollectionwasimportant.Unlikemostbooks,thesewererareandhardtofind.TheywerewrittenbywriterswhohelpedshapeAfricanAmericanculture.,【浏览表格，抓住关键】浏览所给表格,抓住所需回答问题的关键,迅速阅读短文,准确归纳,完成信息填空。【分析】对照原文的第一句可知,MaymeClayton收集非裔美国人所写的书籍、杂志及书信。按照题目要求和like的用法可知,答案为collecting。,谈论过去某一时刻发生的事情谈论过去某一时刻发生的事情是历年许多地市中考考查频率较高的话题之一,常常与看图作文结合在一起,在写作此类话题时,要注意以下几个方面:1.过去进行时和一般过去时的正确运用。2.结构要严谨有序,前后连贯。3.叙述时语言要简洁明了。,高分句型:1.He/Theywas/weredoingsth.when.当的时候他/他们正在做2.Hetriedhisbestto.他尽力做3.Atthattime.在那时,【典题示例】(南京中考)上周日在秦淮河边发生了张明救落水小男孩的事情,请根据以下四幅图所描述的事情经过,为校刊的英语园地写一篇题为“ABraveYoungMan”的英文稿件。,注意:1.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;2.语言通顺,意思连贯,条理清晰,书写规范;3.词数80个左右,文中的开头已经给出,不计入总词数。ABraveYoungManItwasanicedaylastSunday._,【思路点拨】审题抓准信息,快速判断1.体裁:记叙文2.人称:第三人称3.时态:一般过去时4.谋篇:,成篇衔接过渡,连句成篇根据四幅图画内容可知本文是以动作发生的先后顺序为主线进行写作的,动作发生的先后顺序为wasfishing,heardsomeoneshouting,jumpedintotheriver,theboywassaved。【小试牛刀】_,【佳作鉴赏】ABraveYoungManItwasanicedaylastSunday.ZhangMingwasfishingbytheQinhuaiRiverwhenalittleboywenttoplaynearby.Suddenly,ZhangMingheardsomeoneshoutingforhelp.Helookedaroundandfoundthelittleboywasfallingintothewater.Itwasverydangerous.ZhangMingjumpedintotheriverimmediately.Hetriedhisbesttopulltheboyoutoftheriver.Atthattimeotherpeoplecametoofferhelp.Finally,theboywassavedandhewasverygrateful.,PeopleallsaidZhangMingwasverybraveandhelpful.Weshouldlearnfromhim.,一位勇敢的年轻人上个星期天是天气晴朗的一天。当一个小男孩在附近玩的时候,张明正在秦淮河边钓鱼。突然张明听见有人喊救命。他环顾四周,发现这个小男孩正掉进河里。非常危险。张明立刻跳进河里。他尽力把那个男孩从水里拉了出来。就在那时,其他人来提供帮助。最终,这个男孩获救了,他非常感激。人们都说张明非常勇敢,乐于助人。我们应该向他学习。,
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