2019版高考英语大一轮复习 话题版主题语境 Unit 7 学校生活(一)讲义.doc

2019版高考英语大一轮复习 话题版主题语境 Unit 7 学校生活(一)讲义.单词拼写 1.I am writing to apply(申请) for being a volunteer in our school.2.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major(主要的) ways.(xx全国)3.Owing to the recent bad weather，the project is several weeks behind schedule(计划).4.Then a discussion(讨论) will be held，aiming to improve mutual understanding.5.He got a scholarship(奖学金) last term.6.She has a sister who is four years junior(小的) to me.7.She insisted on her own opinion(意见) even if she was wrong.8.Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent(缺席的).(xx全国)9.Some change their behaviour in real life to improve(改善) their image on the web.(xx江苏)10.They were not provided with adequate equipment(设备).(xx江苏).单句语法填空1.What can journalists do in the face of this plex，uncertain and hotly debated(debate) topic?2.We will give a possible explanation(explain) for why some people may have an increased risk of developing this disease.3.The first is that antitrust authorities(authority) need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century.(xx江苏)4.I graduated on scholarship and danced professionally for ten years.5.The trip is scheduled(schedule) to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan.(xx全国)6.If you have further(far) questions，please feel free to let me know.(xx北京)7.Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and scientific(science) progress.(xx浙江)8.Firms that fail to take(take) advantage of the new technology will go out of business.9.His secretary will have to take on most of his work while hes gone.10.We want to preserve the character of the town while improving(improve) the facilities.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.As ，we have a reciting petition this Friday morning.2.They have bought a lot of in the gym.3.The big pany wants to hire those who graduate in law or major puter science.4.In absence of gray wolves，the deer population grew quickly.5.I learned that shouting and punishment would result a disaster.选词填空1.A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.2.For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all.(xx江苏)3.Time is over，and please hand in your paper.4.Its heartbroken for a parent to watch a child go through misery.5.Finally，I managed to catch up with others.6.We put forward some advice at the meeting yesterday.同义词语替换1.We aim to let young graduates prepare for a petitive business environment.equip，for2.Nobody believed his reason for missing the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.being absent from3.People who studied subjects like literature or history at universities usually have to read more than science majors do.major in4.I couldnt figure out what I had done to annoy my boss.work out5.I dont like rock music because its much too noisy for my taste.go in for (1)explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释explain oneself说明自己的意思；为自己的行为辩解(2)explanation n.解释；说明in explanation of作为对的解释或辩解(1)What is your explanation for being late?(2)Could you explain yourself(you) a bit more?(3)Have you anything to say in explanation of(作为对的辩解) your conduct?易错点拨explain后不接双宾语，若语义上需要此类结构，可用explain sth. to sb. 结构。类似不接双宾语的动词还有：describe，say，report，announce，suggest，mention，express等。major adj.主要的；较重要的v.主修n.专业，主修科目；某专业的学生(1)major in主修(2)majority n.大部分；大多数；大半in a/the majority占大多数(1)一句多译我在大学里主修英语。I major in English at university.My major is English at university.Im an English major at university.(2)Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in the/a majority(占多数).易错点拨major本身含有“比较”之意，没有比较等级的变化，也不可与than连用。 (1)ahead of schedule提前on schedule按时；按时间表behind schedule迟于预定时间(2)be scheduled for预定；安排be scheduled to do.计划做as scheduled按计划(1)After he had finished his scheduled(schedule) bus route，he offered to help me out.(2)In spite of all the difficulties，we fulfilled our task ahead of schedule(提前).(3)The application time is scheduled for(预定) October 510.(4)The trip is scheduled to start(计划开始) on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan，Prague，Paris，Bangkok and New Delhi.(xx全国) (1)fail to do.未能做fail in.在失败(2)failure n.衰退，衰竭；失败；故障；失败的人(事)end in failure以失败告终heart failure心脏衰竭(1)We were confused by his failure to answer(answer) the letter.(2)It was evident that the policy was a failure.同义句改写(3)He failed the exam.He failed in the exam. He failed to pass the exam.熟词生义选择句子中fail的汉语意思(4)The crops failed again last summer. C (5)The brakes failed and the bus crashed into a tree. B A.辜负B.失灵C.歉收易错点拨(1)failure表示抽象意义的“失败”时，不可数；表示具体意义的“失败的人或事”时，则可数。(2)failure后可接不定式作定语，但不接of doing.。graduate vi.大学毕业；获得(学士)学位vt.向(毕业生)授予学位n.毕业生(1)graduate from/at从毕业graduate in毕业于专业(2)graduation n.毕业on graduation一毕业(1)It has been 20 years since we graduated from high school.我们高中毕业已经20年了。(2)He graduated in physics from/at Cambridge University.他毕业于剑桥大学物理专业。(3)On graduation from college，she got a good job.她大学一毕业就找到了一份好工作。mark n.痕迹；标记；记号；成绩；分数；污点，污渍vt.(给试卷等)打分数；留痕迹于；作记号于(1)hit/miss the mark(未)达到目标make ones mark出名，成功up to the mark达到要求的标准(2)be marked with标记着be marked on标记在上mark down记下；降低价格/分数写出下列句子中mark的词性及汉语意思(1)He made marks with a pencil.n.记号；符号(2)He was marking essays in his small study.v.给(作业)评分(或打分)(3)He did well to get such a good mark.n.成绩，分数(4)Prices are marked on the goods.v.标记(5)Who made these dirty marks on my new coat？n.污点，污渍单句语法填空(6)The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month，marking(mark) the end of the Chinese New Year celebrations.(7)Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(8)The exit sign was marked with an arrow.present adj.现存的，当前的；在场的，出席的n.礼物；目前v.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；授予；展示；呈现；主持(1)be present at出席(2)at present目前；现在for the present目前；暂时(3)present sth. to sb. (present sb. with sth. )向某人赠送某物(1)We were present at the concert while Tom was absent from it.我们参加了音乐会，但是汤姆缺席了。(2)Well not talk about the matter for the present.我们暂时不谈论这件事。(3)He liked my old typewriter so much，thus I presented it to him/presented him with it.他非常喜欢我的旧打字机，因此我把它送给了他。易错点拨present作前置定语时，意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。 (1)be absent from缺席(2)absence n.C& U 缺席；不在某处；C缺乏absence of mind心不在焉in sb. s absence某人不在时in the absence of sth. 缺乏某物(1)He failed in the exam because of his absence of mind.他因心不在焉而考试不及格。(2)In the absence of wolves，coyote populations also grew quickly.(xx全国)没有了(灰)狼，郊狼的数量也迅速增加。(3)He was absent from the meeting for one reason or another.他因为某种原因而没有出席会议。(4)同义句改写The decision was made while I was not there.The decision was made in my absence.易错点拨(1)absence通常为不可数名词，但表示缺席或离开的次数或时间时，为可数名词。(2)表示“做某事缺席”，其后通常接介词from。 get on/along with与相处；进展get over克服get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事get through打通(电话)；通过(考试)；渡过(难关)(1)How are you getting along with your French?(2)Its time that I got down to thinking(think) about my future.(3)I think the problem can be got over without too much difficulty.(4)Hes not very good at getting his ideas across.(5)I finally managed to get through my driving test. put aside把放到一边；储存put off推迟；延期put up with忍受；容忍put away把收拾好；整理；储蓄put on穿上；上演；增加put up搭建；张贴；为提供住宿put down放下；写下；镇压写出下列句子中put forward的汉语意思(1)Put your watch forward；its five minutes slow.拨快(2)I think he is fit for the position；therefore，Ill put him forward as a candidate.推荐(3)They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将提前(4)Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.提出 take off起飞；脱下；迅速流行；(事业等)步入正轨，腾飞take over接管；继承；支配take on呈现；雇用take up开始从事；继续；拿起；占据take down拿下；写下；记下写出下列句子中take in的汉语意思(1)Dont be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.欺骗(2)Gazing up into his eyes，she seemed to take in all he said.领会，理解(3)He was homeless，so we took him in.收留(4)They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.吸收(5)They continued a few miles further to take in Hinton House.参观(6)The tour takes in six European capitals.包括，包含根据语境用上述短语的正确形式填空(7)At the age of 18，he took over his fathers pany.As a chief manager，he took in a number of talents，which made his pany take on a new look.At last，his career took off.18岁时，他接管了父亲的公司。作为总经理，他吸纳了大量人才，这使他的公司呈现出新的面貌。最终，他的事业步入正轨。 (1)be absorbed by/into为所吸收；被吞并(吸引)(2)absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意absorb.from.从中吸收(1)In this case，try to push away your thoughts until youre absorbed(absorb) in what your friend is saying.(xx河南南阳一中模拟)(2)This plant absorbed water from the earth around it.句式升级(3)He was absorbed in TV so that he forgot to sleep.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Absorbed in TV，he forgot to sleep.易错点拨be absorbed in结构在句中作状语或定语时，常用absorbed in.形式。类似的结构还有：be lost in，be caught in，be buried in，be devoted to，be occupied in，be involved in等。Every time before an examination，I am so upset.Im afraid I may fail the exam and cant live up to my teachers expectations.每次考试前我都非常烦躁，害怕考试不及格而辜负了老师的期望。every time相当于each time，是名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每当的时候”。常见的可用作从属连词的名词短语或副词还有：(1)the first time第一次时(the) next time下次时any time任何时候the last time上次时(2)the minute/moment/instant一就(3)immediately/instantly/directly一就(1)“Every/Each time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.妈妈过去常常告诉我，“每次吃甜品的时候，喝点绿茶。”(2)The next time/Next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip.下次你想传播最新消息时，想想你传播流言的原因。(3)On/Upon hearing what he said，I couldnt hold back my tears.一听到他说的话，我热泪盈眶。一句多译众所周知，开卷有益。(4)As is known，something is learned every/each time a book is opened.(every/each time)(5)As is known，something is learned the moment/minute/instant a book is opened.(the瞬间名词)Every time light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters(散射).(xx北京)每次光以一种新的速度穿过一种物质时，它就会发生折射和散射。易错点拨for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。I prefer to fail rather than cheat in the exam.我宁愿考试不及格，也不愿意考试作弊。(1)prefer to do.rather than do.宁可做也不做prefer doing/to do.更喜欢做prefer sb. to do.更喜欢让某人做prefer sth. /doing.to sth. /doing.与相比更喜欢(2)preference n.偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物have a preference for.偏爱(1)Rather than talk(talk) with his mother，he prefers to be(be) always on the phone，sleep，stay in his room or go out with his friends.(2)Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay(stay) longer and spend.(xx江苏)(3)A teacher should not have a preference for any one of his pupils.(4)一句多译她宁愿跟我们一起去也不愿留下来。She preferred going with us to staying behind.(prefer.to.)She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.(prefer.rather than.)She would rather go with us than stay behind.(would rather.than.)She would go with us rather than stay behind.(would.rather than.)It really benefited me a lot to review what had been taught after class.课后复习已学过的知识真的让我受益匪浅。(1)what引导宾语从句既可作动词宾语，也可作介词宾语，what在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。(2)what引导宾语从句时，既可表示疑问的意思，也可不具有疑问的意义，可表示 “的话/事/地方/速度/等”。(3)what和that引导的宾语从句的区别：what在从句中承担成分，而that在从句中不承担成分，只起连接主、从句的作用。(1)Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.(2)Its good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while were away.(3)Portable videophones will show us what is happening at the other end of the line.单句改错(4)After seemed a century，the door opened and the doctors came out.(5)Popular music is every student in our classroom likes.(xx全国)During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I 41 the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars？More than that，Id always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I werent 43 enough about free credits，news about our 44 was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which 45 I would be learning from one of the games 46 .I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this 48 was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction，he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 50 the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and， 52 ，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley，Im still putting to use what he 55 me：“The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 .On every single move you have to 58 a situation，process what your opponent(对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.41.A.put forward B.jumped atC.tried out D.turned down答案B解析根据上文中的“offering a free course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits”以及下文中的“Id always wanted to learn chess”可知，参加国际象棋课程是免费的并且可以获得三个学分，而且“我”一直想学国际象棋，由此可知，“我”迫不及待地接受(jump at)了这个主意。put forward提出；try out试验；turn down拒绝。42.A.waste B.earnC.save D.pay答案C解析联系上文中的“a free course”可知，这是免费的课程，因此可以节省(save)几美元。43.A.excited B.worriedC.moved D.tired答案A解析联系下文中的“appealing enough to me”可知，即使免费获得学分这件事不足以让“我”兴奋(excited)，也有其他事情对“我”有足够的吸引力。44.A.title B.petitorC.textbook D.instructor答案D解析联系下文中的“He was an international grandmaster(他是一位国际象棋大师)”可知，有关我们国际象棋课程的导师(instructor)的消息足以吸引“我”。title标题；petitor对手；textbook课本。45.A.urged B.demandedC.held D.meant答案D解析国际象棋课程的导师是国际象棋大师，这就意味着(mean)“我”将跟随下国际象棋最好的人之一学习。urge强烈要求；demand(坚决)要求；hold持有。46.A.fastest B.easiestC.best D.rarest答案C解析联系上文中的“international grandmaster”可知，他是下国际象棋最好的(best)人之一。47.A.interview B.meetC.challenge D.beat答案B解析联系上文可知，国际象棋课程的导师吸引着“我”，所以“我”迫不及待地想见到(meet)他。interview采访，面试；challenge挑战；beat击败。48.A.chance B.qualificationC.honor D.job答案D解析联系空后的“was no game for him；he meant business”可知，这项工作(job)对他而言不是游戏，而是正经职业。chance机会；qualification资格；honor荣誉。49.A.real B.perfectC.clear D.possible答案C解析联系空后的“that our credits would be hard-earned”可知，他向我们明确表示(make it clear that)这门课程的学分很难获得。50.A.attend B.passC.skip D.observe答案B解析由上文中的“our credits would be hard-earned”及下文中的“among other criteria，we had to write a paper”可知，此处指为了通过(pass)这门课程，除了其他标准，“我们”还要写一篇论文。attend参加；skip跳过；observe观察。51.A.add B.exposeC.apply D.pare答案C解析联系空后的“to our future professions”可知，“我们”的论文是关于“我们”打算如何将课堂上所学的东西应用(apply)到未来的职业中的。apply.to.将应用到，符合语境。add.to.向添加；expose.to.使暴露在；pare.to.把比作。52.A.eventually B.naturallyC.directly D.normally答案A解析联系空后的“to our lives”可知，最终(eventually)要应用到“我们”的生活中。naturally自然地；directly直接地；normally正常地。53.A.game B.presentationC.course D.experiment 答案C解析联系空前的“I managed to get an A”可知，“我”在国际象棋课程(course)上获得了A。game游戏；presentation报告；experiment实验。54.A.criterion B.classroomC.department D.situation答案B解析联系空前的“life lessons that have served me well”可知，“我”从中学到了课堂(classroom)之外的生活课程。criterion标准；department部门；situation状况。55.A.taught B.wroteC.questioned D.promised 答案A解析分析语境可知，引号中的内容是导师说的话，也就是他教(teach)“我”的东西。write写；question询问；promise答应。56.A.fact B.stepC.manner D.skill答案D解析联系空后的“you learn when you play chess is how to make good ”可知，这里是指学到的最重要的技能(skill)。57.A.grades B.decisionsC.impressions D.ments答案B解析联系下文中的“the best move from among all your options”可知，这里指做出正确的决定(decision)。grade分数；impression印象；ment评论。58.A.analyze B.describeC.rebuild D.control答案A解析联系空后的“a situation，process what your opponent(对手) is doing”可知，这里指分析(analyze)形势。describe描述；rebuild重建；control控制。59.A.announce B.signalC.block D.evaluate答案D解析联系空后的“the best move from among all your options”可知，要从你所有的选择中评估(evaluate)出最好的一步。announce宣布；signal示意；block堵住。60.A.role B.desireC.concern D.behavior答案A解析联系空后的“as a journalist”可知，今天这些话对于“我”作为记者的角色(role)仍然是真实有用的。desire渴望；concern担心；behavior举止。.宏观把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了作者在大二学的免费课程国际象棋及这门课程对作者生活的深远指导作用和影响。文章的脉络如下：.微观排障长难句分析In order to pass the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and，eventually，to our lives.句式分析：该句中In order to pass the class 是目的状语，how引导的是宾语从句，在该从句中，what也引导一个宾语从句。翻译：为了通过这门课程，除了其他标准，我们还要写一篇关于我们打算如何将课堂上所学的东西应用到未来的职业中，并最终应用到我们的生活中的论文。.词汇积累1.jump at迫不及待地接受2.instructor n.导师3.textbook n.课本4.qualification n.资格5.honor n.荣誉6.attend vt.参加7.apply.to.将应用到8.course n.课程9.criterion n.标准10.grade n.分数11.ment vt.& n.评论12.evaluate vt.评估复现信息对于完形填空的解题重要性很多完形填空一般都能很好地体现出重在考查语篇理解能力，且不在情节上、词汇考查上大做文章的趋势。其中对于语篇的上下文复现考查非常多。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，可以利用上下文寻找解题信息，从而确定正确答案。例如42题，联系上文中的“a free course”，save一词实际上和free是上义词和下义词的复现，这样就不难选出答案。(xx全国)你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括：1.短片内容：学校的发展；2.放映时间、地点；3.欢迎对短片提出意见。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。审题谋篇第一步明确要求这是一篇书面通知形式的应用文，要求你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英语短片Growing Together。时态应以一般将来时为主，多使用被动语态和简单句。第二步确定段落写这篇文章时，可分两段来写：第一段：提出事件，提议学生观看影片，欢迎学生对短片提出意见。第二段：告知影片播放的时间、地点。第三段：结束语。第三步要点词汇1.播放，放映display2.我们学校的发展史the history of our schools development3.吸引人的事物attraction4.对好奇be curious about5.关心concern about/be concerned about6.错过这次机会miss this opportunity7.评论ment8.学生会the Students Union第四步句式升级1.它向我们展示学校的整个发展史，我认为这是最吸引我们的地方。(一般表达)It shows us the whole history of our schools development and I think this is the main attraction to us.(句式升级)It shows us the whole history of our schools development，which I think is the main attraction to us.2.如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣或关心其未来，那就决不可错过这次极佳的机会。(一般表达)Dont miss this excellent opportunity if you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future!(句式升级)If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustnt miss this excellent opportunity!连句成篇Boys and girls，I have good news for you.The English film Growing Together made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend.It shows us the whole history of our schools development，which I think is the main attraction to us.If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustnt miss this excellent opportunity! Besides，all your suggestions and ments about this film will be wele.It will be displayed in the School Film Hall，from 9：00 am to 10：00 am，June 9th，Saturday.Thats all.Thank you.The Students UnionJune 8,xx.阅读理解话题：旅游难度星级：Niagara Falls are among the most beautiful natural wonders in the world，where guests will have the chance to obtain all sorts of physical and mental pleasure.Maid of the MistThis famous boat experience has been taking passengers as close to the Niagara Falls as they can get for more than a century.Guests are expected to make their way into the spray itself!Admission：Adult 19；Child (Under 11 yrs) 11；Senior (Over 65 yrs) 11Opening Hours：May 1Nov.4Duration：Approx.20 MinutesJet Boat RideThese exciting boat rides take passengers on a thrilling trip down the Niagara River！This 45-minute roundtrip ride zooms through the Niagara Gorge，and even takes passengers to the famous Whirlpool Rapids，all of a custom-built jet boat.Admission：Adult 66；Child (312 yrs，m