高中动词不定式的用法.ppt

,定义不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语、状语等。,一.不定式在句中的功能1.作主语:眼见为实.Toseeistobelieve.为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象，常用it做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。要学好英语不是那么容易的。e.g.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.,2.作宾语她喜欢谈论这件事情。e.g.Shelovestotalkaboutthematter.他希望不久能找到工作。Hehopestofindajobsoon.他答应不把这事告诉任何人。Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.,Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.,think/consider/feel/findit+adj.+todo,点击规律：在findfeelthinkconsider+it+adj+todosth句型中，it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。Ifounditverydifficulttogetajob.(it为形式宾语)如：ThemandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleepIfeeliteasytorecitethetext,巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀：,想要拒绝莫忘记（want,refuse,forget）需要努力就学习（need,try,learn）喜欢帮助加同意（likehelpagree）希望决定后开始（hope,decide,begin,start）,点击规律：有些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思区别不大。提示板：doing指经常性动作，而todo指一次性的动作。Ilikeswimming，butIdontliketoswimnow我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。beginstarttodosthbeginstartdoingsth,后面只接动名词做宾的动词实践完成听建议practicefinishsuggest习惯继续别放弃beusedtokeepongiveup喜欢思念忙介意enjoymissbebusymind不禁考虑会想你canthelpconsiderfeellike,2)思考:巧记哪些动名词与不定式的动词意思有较大的区别？记住要努力，（rememberwanttry)需要别忘记；(needforget)后悔没尽力，(regrettry)意思要停止。(meanrequirestop),返回,1.remembertodosth记住要做某事Youmustremembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave2.rememberdoingsth记得曾做过某事Irememberlockingthefrontdoor3.forgettodosth忘记要做某事Heforgottodohishomeworkyesterday4.forgetdoingsth忘记曾做过某事Iforgotsayingthisthingtoyou5.trytodosth努力做某事Hetriestoanswereachquestion6.trydoingsth试着做某事ItriedsinginganEnglishsong,7.meantodosth打算做某事Wemeantotravelabroadnextyear我们明年打算去国外旅行8.meandoingsth意味着Itmeanswaitingforhimanotherhour这意味着要再等一个小时9.stoptodosth停下来去做另一件事Stoptohavearestifyouaretired10.stopdoingsth停止做某事Althoughitrainedheavily,thefarmersdidntstopworkinginthefield虽然雨下得很大，农民们却没有停止在田间劳动,11.regrettodosth对现在发生的事表示“遗憾”Weregrettoinformyouthatyouowethebank$100我们很遗憾地通知你，你欠银行100美元12.regretdoingsth对发生过的事表示“后悔”Heregrettedplayingcomputergames.他后悔玩电脑游戏13.goontodosth做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事14.goondoingsth继续做原来所做的同一件事,你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？Doyourememberwhichwaytogetthere?下一步干什么你决定了吗?Haveyoudecidedwhattodonext?我来问他怎么样开这机器。Illaskhimhowtooperatethemachine.,1)不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。,2)有时不定式由whether引起。Ididntknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.3)feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，补语是形容词(间或是名词)，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.,Sheaskedmetostaythere.PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.,3.作宾语补足语:,动词+宾语+带to的不定式,常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:ask,beg,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect,permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach,等.,在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have)“两听”(hear,listento)“一感觉”(feel)。e.g.Whomadehimworkallnightlong?Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Dontmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.ShallIhavehimcomehere?但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。e.g.Hewasseentobreakthewindow.,Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.,4.作表语不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的梦想是成为一名医生。Hisdreamistobeadoctor.我的工作是帮助病人。Myjobistohelpthepatient,5.作定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudenttocometoschool.Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.Sheislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.,6.作状语目的状语:常用的结构todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/suchastodo,etc.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.结果状语:常与only,enough或too连用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.,原因状语:一般用在句尾Imgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.,二.不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由“not+不定式”构成，否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.她检查名字为了不犯错误。Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes.,三.不定式的时态：一般时表示的动作,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.他似乎知道这事。Ihopetoseeyouagain.我希望再见到你。2.完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。Imsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.,Practice,Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest2.Wereplanning_apartynextweek.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had,C,A,3.-Whichdoyouprefer_yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?-Neither.A.SpendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend4.Didyoufindout_thepieoutoftheoven?A.WhentotakeB.totakeC.havetakenD.beingtaken,B,A,5._getacompletepicture,furtherinformationisneeded.A.InorderthatB.InordertoC.BeingD.Tohave6.Itsnecessary_someEnglishgrammar.A.forstudentstolearnB.forstudentslearningC.ofstudentstolearnD.ofstudentslearning,B,A,7.Ioughtto_himthenews,butIforgottodoso.A.remembertotellB.remembertellingC.haverememberedtotellD.haverememberedtelling,C,高考链接,1.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.(2008全国I卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed,B,2.Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding,A,4._theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(2008湖南卷)A.CompletingB.CompleteC.CompletedD.Tocomplete5.Ifthereisalotofwork_,Imhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.(2008上海卷)A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing,D,A,6.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_foraspaceflight.(07江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained7.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.(07浙江卷)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard,D,A,不定式、过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别这三种形式作定语，体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词作定语表示被动和完成。如：Haveyoureadthenovelwrittenbydickens?Thedevelopedcountry现在分词作定语表示正在进行。如：Theflyingkitesarehighinthesky.Thedevelopingcountry不定式的被动式作定语时，表示将来的动作。如：Thequestiontobediscussedatthetomorrowsmeetingisaveryimportantone.,1.Summarizetherulesofinfinitiveinyourownway.2.FinishtheexercisesofthetextbookonPage5.,Homework,