《英语音标教学》PPT课件.ppt

,简明当代英语语音,2,为什么要学习音标？,3,1.发音准确，说地道的英语,2.拼读法记忆单词,3.提高自主学习性，增加词汇量4.整体语感提高,4,最新国际音标简介,第一单元,1,学习英语首先是掌握英语音标，记录英语音素的符号叫作音标。音标通常放在两条斜线（/）内.2,英语语言在其发展的历史进程中产生了繁多的音标种类。而我们要学习的，同时也是教科书中所采用的最新“国际音标”。,5,第一节国际音标简介,3,最新“国际音标”共有48个音素,由发音时气流是否受阻可分辅音和元音两大类。在发音过程中由气流通过口腔或鼻腔不受阻碍而发出的音叫元音;在发音过程中由气流通过口腔或鼻腔受阻碍而发出的音叫辅音.4,英语辅音和元音在英语语言中的作用，就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。,6,7,第二节发音器官,要想掌握好英语音标，我们要了解发音器官和发音部位，并学会运用舌，唇，软颚，硬颚等位置和形状的变化正确发出各种不同的音。为了更好的理解各小结的发音要领描述，从而以正确的方式调动所需的发音器官，我们必须仔细学习下面的发音器官图。,8,发音器官图及说明,9,第三节元音分类,最新“国际音标”中元音音素共有20个，分为单元音和双元音两种。单元音即为发音时，舌位、唇形、开口度等始终不变的元音。双元音是由两个单元音组成，发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动，口型有变化的元音。根据元音发音时舌位（即舌的最高点的前后位置）变化可以把单元音分为前元音，中元音，后元音。舌位在口腔前部的时候发出的元音叫做前元音。舌位在口腔中部的时候发出的元音叫做中元音。舌位在口腔后部的时候发出的元音叫做后元音。,10,第四节辅音分类,最新“国际音标”中辅音音素共有28个.按发音时是否振动声带可分为浊辅音和清辅音两大类。英语辅音中有许多音素是清辅成对的，即发音时，两个音素的发音器官位置相同，只有声带振动与否的区别。,11,单元音第二单元,12,第一节前元音,1，/i:/例词：bemeatsleepbelieveweak发音要领：发音时，嘴角向两边张开，口型扁平，舌尖轻抵下齿，前舌部向上颚抬起，流露出微笑表情，发音时间持续较长。,13,2./i/例词big,fifty,city发音要领：发音时舌尖抵下齿，嘴唇微微张开，舌前部抬高，口型扁平，发音时间短促。,14,3./e/例词：fedbestfreshWedding发音要领：发音时，张口程度比/i/大，上下齿之间可容纳一个食指尖，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。,15,4./例词：athaveflatstandSaturday发音要领：发音时，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角尽量拉向两边，上下齿容纳两个指尖,16,发音练习:A:Beeforchicken?B:Letmesee.Chickenforme,please.A:Teaorcoffee?B:TeaforLeeandcoffeeforme,please.A:Impleasedtomeetyou.A:Isitchicken?B:No,itscheeseA:Isitreadytoeat?B:Yes,youneedntheatitbeforeyoueat.,17,1.JimgivesLilyabigkiss2.Hislittlesisterissittinginthemiddle3.Itisstillwinternotspringyet.Chant:Twolittlekittensaresittingonthehill,oneisBill,oneisJill.RunawayBill,runawayJill.ComebackBill,comebackJill.,18,DialogueA:Whoisthisfellow?B:HeisTedA:WhoisTed?B:Hesmybestpen-friend.A:Howdidyougettoknowhim?B:YoumakeaguessbeforeItellyou.,19,A:Hi!Howsyourback?B:Itsgettingbtter,thanksA:Well,Imgladtohearthat.A:Whatsthematter,Mary?B:Ihadabaddayyesterday.A:Whathappened?B:Iwentshoppingandlostmybag.A:Iheardyougotapet,didntyou?B:Yes,IgotacatfromAnnA:Whatdoesitlooklike?B:Oh,itsblackandwhite,20,第二节后元音,5，/a:/例词：artfastmarchpartyfather发音要领：发音时，舌身放低，后缩，舌后部拢起：口型张大，全开：声带振动，发音延续较长。,21,6./:/,例词：sawborncoursetalkmorning发音要领：发音时，舌身尽量降低并收缩，舌后部抬起;双唇收圆收小，并稍向前突，发音延续较长。,22,7,/,例词：hotbosslostdoctorwant发音要领：发音时，舌身尽量降低，并后缩，舌后部抬起：口型稍收圆，但不向前突出，发音短促。,23,8，/u:/,例词：doyoutoothchooserule发音要领：发音时，舌身后缩，舌后部尽量抬起：口型较小，较圆，更突出。发音延长。,24,9，/u/,例词：bookgoodputwoodpush发音要领：发音时，舌身后缩，舌后部抬起;口型收圆，稍微突出，比/u:/的口型稍放松，发音短促。,25,Dialogue:A:Wheredoyoulive,Mark?B:IliveintheFifthStreetneartheNationalPark.A:TheNationalPark?Isitalargepark?B:Oh,yes.ItsthelargestparkintheCanada.A:Bytheway,isthereasupermarketnearyourplace?B:Oh,yes.Theresaverylargesupermarketnearmyhome.ItsalsothelargestinCanada.1.Thefarmisfarfromthepark.2.Pleaseparkthecarinthecarpark.3.Itsveryhardtostartthecar.4.Itwilldoalotofharmtotheheart.,26,Dialogues:A:Canwehaveadinnerbeforeyouleaveforthenorth?B:Thanks.ButwehavemorethingstodobeforeleavingA:Whatifyourunintoastorminthesea?B:Wellwaittillthestormisover.A:Haveyoueverbeeninastormbefore?B:Yes.Weranintoastormlastfall.1.Iwasboredtodeathbytheboringjobintheshop2.Whenthestormwascoming,theshiphadtocallataport3.Thegeneralmanagersofficeisonthefourthfloorattheendofthecorridor.,27,Dialogues:A:Shallwegoswimming,Mary?B:ImnotinthemoodA:Whatsthematter?B:Mydaughteristryingtostayawayfromschool.A:Thatswhyyouaresingingtheblues.B:Anyway,Illhavetoworkthingsoutandputherbacktoschool.1.Thenewsistoogoodtobetrue.2.Thisisaonceinbluemoonchance3.Youmustpulloutthedecayedtooth.4.Heboughtsomefruitforthegroup.,28,Dialogues:A:MayIhavealookatthebook?B:Whichbook?A:ThebookJackgaveyoulastweek.B:Youmeanthebookonwoodcarving?A:Yes.Ithinkitsaverynicebook.B:Butwhatdoyouwantitfor?A:Notme.Myhusbandwantsit.Hesbigonwoodcarving.,29,第三节中元音,10，/例词：upbutdosejustrough发音要领：舌身后缩至口腔中部，舌后部稍抬起：双唇较扁，开口较大，发音短促。,30,/:/,11,/:/,例词：sirherthirdworthearly发音要领:发音时，舌位抬高，舌身放平，口型微张，双唇扁平，双唇肌肉较紧张，发音时间较长。,31,12，/,例词：aboutagainteacherpaperriver发音要领：发音时，舌身放平，舌中部稍抬起；口型微开，双唇扁平，双唇肌肉较放松。/在词首或词中发的较模糊，在词尾时应适当延长。,32,Dialogue:A:Lookatthisguy.Heseemstohavetoostronglustforbucks.B:Butyoucantgowithoutmoney.A:Andonecanthavebucksandloveatthesametime.B:Butfewgirlswouldloveamanwithoutbucks.A:Andfewgirlswouldloveamanwhoonlyhasbucks.B:wellerA:Trustme.Lovebuiltonmoneyisnottruelove.,33,Dialogues:A:Whoarethesetwogirls,Mark?B:Idontknow.Butoneseemstobeolderthantheother.A:Sure.Theoneontherightiscertainlyolderthantheoneontheleft.B:Whatisthegirlontheleftwearing?A:Sheswearingamini-skirtB:Wherearethey?A:Theyareinthechurch.,34,DialogueA:Whatsthenameofthismagazine?B:ItsthefamousTimemagazine.A:TheTimemagazine?WhatisitcalledinChinese?B:Its时代周刊inChinese.A:CanpeopleinChinahaveaccesstothemagazine?B:Yes,theycan.,35,36,第三单元双元音,13./ei/例词：eightdayfacegatepay发音要领：发音由/e/向/i/自然滑动，滑动过程中，口型由半开到半合，舌位随之抬高。,37,A:Hey,Rachel.Didyoutakethetest?B:No,Icouldntmakeit.A:Howcomeyoucouldntmakeit?B:IwenttoseeaBroadwayPlay.A:Whatashame!Whenwillyoutakethemakeuptest?B:MaybeinAprilorMayA:Mrs.Taylorisagooddressmaker,isntshe?B:Yes.Thenewdressshemadeisgreat.A:MaybeIneedhertomakeoneforme.B:Waitaminute,Jane.Itstimetobakethebread.,38,14./u/例词：oldsoshownotecold发音要领：发音时，由/向/u/自然滑动，滑动过程中，口型逐渐由半开到小而圆，舌位由半低到高。,39,A:Imgoingtothegrocerystore.Wouldyouliketogowithme?B:Sorry.Ihavetowritealetter.A:AnythingIcandoforyou?B:Canyougetsometomatoesforme?A:OK.Howmanydoyouwant?B:Onekilo.Thanks.,40,15./ai/例词：eyetierideknifearrive发音要领：发音时，由/a/向/i/自然滑动，滑动过程中，口型从开到合，发此音时，注意将音发足。,41,Alldaylongthesunshinesbright,Themoonandstarscomeoutatnight.Fromtwilighttimetheylinetheskies.Andwatchtheworldwithquieteyes.,42,16./au/例词：outhowaboutcloudshout发音要领：发音时，由/a/向/u/自然滑动，滑动过程中，双唇收拢收圆：口型由大到小，舌位由低到高，注意声音发足。,43,A:IneedsomeonetohelpmewiththehouseworkB:Whatdoyouwanthimtodo?A:Well.Milkthecow,killthemouse,washthetowelandcleanthehouse.B:Howcouldyoufindtheonethatcoulddothesethingswell?A:ThatswhatIamworriedabout.,44,17./i/例词：boyjoyjoinenjoyspoil发音要领：发音时，由/向/i/自然滑动，但不到/i/时，舌位就停止。滑动的过程中，双唇逐渐由圆变扁，口型由大变小。,45,A:IwanttobuyatoyforRoy.B:ForRoy?Youwanttobuyhimanothertoy?A:Whynot?Heenjoysplayingwithtoys.B:Heenjoysdestroyingtoys,too.Youdbetternotspoilhim.A:Wearegoingouttomorrow.Willyouandyourfriendsjoinus?B:Thatsagoodidea,butIhaveanappointment.A:Iguessyouaregoingtoajointadventureforajobinterview.B:Thatsright.IdontthinkIwillmissthechance.,46,18./i/例词：earfearhereclearnear发音要领：发音时，由/i/向/自然滑动，滑动过程中，/i/发音较清楚，/发音较模糊，双唇始终半开。,47,A:Wouldyouliketohaveanythingtodrink?B:Yes.Idlovetohavesomebeer.A:Howdoyoulikeit,icedorwithoutice?B:Withoutice.Idontwanttohavethetastespoiled.A:Hereyouare.B:Thanks.Oh,itsverygoodbeer.A:Imgladyoulikeit.Bytheway,whatsyourplanforthesummerholiday?B:Ivenoidea.MaybeIllbegoingsurfingwithJack.A:Whataboutgoingsurfingtogether?B:Thatsagoodidea.,48,19./e/例词:aircarehairshareparent发音要领：发音时，由/e/向/自然滑动。第一个成分/e/有似于/ei/，但开口比/ei/大。滑动过程中，开口程度稍稍收小。,49,A:Wherewillthetradefairbeheld,Jack?B:ThetradefairwillbeheldintheTownHall.A:Whydontyougothereforyourpears?B:Idontthinkwecansellthepearsatsuchatradefair.A:DoyouknowthatMikehasbeenmeddlingwithyourbusiness?B:Yes,Ido.ButIdontcarewhathehasbeendoing.Hewontharmusahair.A:Doesyourbossknowthat?B:Yes,hedoes.ButMikedidntseemtogetinhishair.,50,20./u/例词：poortoursureruralEurope发音要领：发音时，由/u/向/自然滑动，滑动过程中，口型由收圆变为半开。,51,A:Itsapitythattherearefewerandfewerwell-preservedoldstructures.B:Yes.AndImsuretheywilltotallydisappearinafewyearstime.A:Buttouristsarenotinterestedinthehigh-risemodernblocks.B:Thetroubleisthatpeoplecannotseethatpoint.,52,辅音第四单元,53,第一节爆破音,1,/p/、/b/例词：pitpayopenhappyproperBitbluebabybikebetter发音要领：发音时，双唇紧闭，气流突然冲开双唇，冲出口腔。/p/是清辅音，声带不振动，/b/是浊辅音，声带振动。,（/p/b/t/d/k/g/）,54,2./t/、/d/例词：tootaketietouchrightDodirtcardtiredwould发音要领：发音时，舌尖紧抵上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后突然张开，气流冲出口腔。/t/是清辅音，声带不振动，/d/是浊辅音，声带振动。,55,3./k/、/g/例词：kickbookbikedockkeepGategeteggghostgirl发音要领：发音时，舌后部抬起，紧贴软颚，形成阻碍，气流冲开阻碍后，冲出口腔。/k/是清辅音，声带不振动，/g/是浊辅音，声带振动。,56,A:Peter,wouldyouliketohaveameatpie?B:No,thanks.Pleasepoursomewaterintothepot.Imthirsty.A:Iloveyou,MissBrown.B:Sorry,MrBlack.ButIlovePaul.A:MissBrown,butPaulwontbeagoodhusbandB:Maybenot.Willyoubeagoodhusband,MrBlack?A:Youbet,MissBrown.B:Butthisisjustyourownopinion.,57,Tonguetwister:Thisisahat,thatisacapThisisacat,thatisarat.Thecatisinthehat,theratisinthecap,58,语音小知识：,-ed在/t/、/d/结尾的动词后发/id/HemendedtheradioformeTheyboardedtheplaneontimeShewantedtoseethefilmPauladmittedhemadeamistake.,59,2.如果词中有三个辅音相连，中间的/t/、/d/通常弱化甚至脱落Exactly，mostly,handbag,dustman,landlord3.如果前面的词以/t/或/d/结尾，而后面有辅音开头，/t/h和/d/很容易脱落Nextweek,firstsight,lastnight,bendback,oldman,worldwide.,60,-ed在清辅音结尾的动词后发/t/WewalkedforalongtimeShestoppedandhavealookIreachedschoolat8.Imissedmymotheralot.,61,第二节摩擦音,1，/f/&/v/例词：flyfarwifeofflaughVeryvillageliveoversave发音要领：发音时，下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙通过，摩擦成音。/f/是清辅音，声带不振动；/v/是浊辅音，声带振动。,62,2./&/例词：thinkthankthiefmouthteethThisthosethenthat发音要领：发音时，舌尖轻触上齿背部，气流从舌齿间的缝隙送出。/是清辅音，声带不振动，/是浊辅音，声带振动。,63,3./s/&/z/例词：sosirpencilpiecedressZoozonezerouserclose发音要领：发音时，舌端靠近上齿龈，气流从舌端和齿龈间通过，形成摩擦音。/s/是清辅音，声带不振动，/z/是浊辅音，声带振动。,64,4./&/例词：shesheepwishsureshyPleasurevisiondivisiondecisionleisure发音要领：发音时，舌身抬起，靠近硬颚，舌端抬向上齿龈，形成狭长的通道，气流由此通过。双唇稍微收拢，并略突出。/是清辅音，声带不振动，/是浊辅音，声带振动。,65,5./h/例词：heherhowwhoahead发音要领：发音时，口张大，在通过声门时，发出轻微的摩擦。气流经过口腔时，不受阻碍。/h/是清辅音，声带不振动。,66,6./r/例词：runrightcrybreadred发音要领：发音时，舌尖卷起，抬向上齿龈后部，但不发生摩擦，舌两侧稍收拢。口型略突出，气流通过时，发生轻微的摩擦。/r/是浊辅音，声带振动。,67,A:WhatcanIdoforyou?B:Imlookingforapairofearings.A:Well,heretheyare.Thelateststyle.B:Howbeautiful!Iveneverseenanythinglikethem.A:Well,youcanhavethemforelevenpounds.B:Ithinkfiveisenough.A:What?Fivepounds?B:Well,sevenpounds,then.,68,A:Couldyoupassmethatbook,Catherine?B:Oh,youmeanthisone,father?A:No,notthatone,theotherone.Yes,thatsit.B:Thereyouare,father.Isthatall?A:Yes,thatsallforthemoment.Thankyou,Catherinr.,69,A:Hehaslotsofhobbies.B:AndhesaidhesalwaysbusywithhispaintingsandphotographsA:Heswonadozenprizesforhispaintingsandphotographs.B:ButasforhisrestaurantinthetownA:Heletshiscousinlookafterhisrestaurant.B:Hesoundsmorelikeanartistthanabusinessman.,70,A:Sir,thiswillsuityou.Itsinaveryfashionableshade.B:ButIjustneedasimpleshirt.A:Thisone,perhaps.Itsgotsomespecialsewingonthesleeve.B:Cantyoushowmeasimpleshirtinaordinaryshade?A:Whynottryiton,sir?B:PerhapsIshouldtrythenextshop.,71,A:Thatgivesusalotpleasure.B:Whatdoyoumean?A:Well,thelostnationaltreasureshavecomeback.B:Iheardofthat,Thenationaltreasureswerestolen.A:Thedetectivecrackedthecriminalcaseandreturnedthenationaltreasures.B:Itseemsthatmeasuresmustbetakentoprotectthenationaltreasures.,72,A:Carol,itwaswrongofyoutogetyourmotherworriedB:ImsosorryImlate.ButHenryscarbrokedown.A:YoushouldntgooutwithHenry.B:ButIdoloveHenry.AndImgoingtomarryhim.A:Really,Carol,itsahorribledecision.,73,第三节破擦音,1./t/&/d/例词：childcheckreachteachcatchJobpageJunejustjudge发音要领：舌尖舌端抬高，贴住上齿龈后部，形成阻碍。气流冲出阻碍摩擦成音。口型略突出，稍微成方型。,74,第三节破擦音,1./t/&/d/例词：childcheckreachteachcatchJobpageJunejustjudge发音要领：舌尖舌端抬高，贴住上齿龈后部，形成阻碍。气流冲出阻碍摩擦成音。口型略突出，稍微成方型。,75,2./tr/&/dr/例词：trytreetricktruetrackDrydreamdreaddropdrive发音要领：舌身与/r/相似，舌尖向上卷起，并抵住上齿龈后部，气流冲出舌尖和齿龈之间的阻碍。双唇收拢，稍向前突出。,76,3./ts/&/dz/例词：petscoatsgetspointswantsRoadsaidsreadsseedslands发音要领：舌端贴住上齿龈，形成阻碍，气流冲破阻碍，口型扁平。,77,A:Wellhaveapleasantjourney,Iguess.B:Oh,itsgoingtobeachallenge.HavingajourneybyjetA:Takeiteasy.Justgetsomerest,John.B:Actually,Imalittleexcited.Ivenevertakenajumbojet.1.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina2.JennyhadchickenandFrenchfriesforlunch3.JimurgeduncleJohntobuyadigitalwatch.4.Janeenjoyedsandwichesverymuch.,78,A:Howareyou,Jane?B:Notbad,thanks.A:Howaboutyourchildren?B:Theyredoingfine.Thesearetheirpictures.A:Howcutetheyare!Whichoneistheoldestchild?B:Oh,heis.HeisCharles.A:Andwhatanangelicchild!Whoisthat?B:Well,thatstheyoungestchild.ItsJim.,79,A:WhatcanIdoforyou?B:Well,Illjoinamake-upparty,soIwantmyhairstrangely.A:Noproblem.Thehairdresseriscoming,Butyourhairisverydry,letshaveatrytoB：No,thanks,Ijustwanttodressmyhairstyleatonce.A:Itstoodreadfulthatsomanypeoplearecrowdingthetrain.B:Yes.AndthetrafficistoobadA:MyclothesarecreasedbadlyB:Butwhynotdressyourselfcasually?,80,A:Doyoulikekeepingpets?B:Yes,Ihavetwocatsandoneofthemwillhaveseveralkidsnextweek.A:Inthatcase,youllhaveanotherseveralnewcats.B:Yes.Theremightbethreeorfour.A:IwouldliketohaveoneofyournewcatsB:Noproblem.A:Oh,ImustpreparesomepetsthingsB:Well,Illmakealistforyou.,81,第四节鼻音,1，/例词：memycometomorrowfarm发音要领：发音时，双唇紧闭，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔送出，在词尾时，略需延长，以防止吞音。,（）,82,2，/,例词：neednameknowskinnice发音要领：发音时，舌尖紧贴上齿龈，软颚下垂，形成阻碍，气流由鼻腔送出，在词尾时，稍需延长，以防吞音。,83,3,/,例词：banksongsinginglongEnglish发音要领：发音时，软颚下垂，舌后部向软颚抬起，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出。词未时，发音清晰有力，稍微延长。,84,第五节舌边音/,/在元音前时，发音清晰，舌端抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出。例词：latelikelonglowclose/在辅音前或词末时，发音含糊。舌端也抵上齿龈，但是与清晰音相比，舌前部较低，舌后部较高，发音略长。例词：allsellpulllittlegirl,85,第六节半元音,1，/例词：weweekwantwherewould发音要领：发音时，舌后部向软颚抬起，舌位较高。口型收圆并稍向前突出，发音短促，一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。,（）,86,2，/,例词：yesyouyoungyetyear发音要领:发音时，舌前部尽量向硬颚抬起，双唇平展，口微开，舌面和硬颚稍有摩擦，该半元音一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。,87,英语最新“国际音标”发音讲解到此结束，望同学们课后认真练习，掌握发音规律，学好英语学科！,谢谢，再见,88,