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专题十九 任务型阅读第6讲（上）东城二模五选五教学目标1. 掌握本篇五选五中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握五选五的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇五选五中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过五选五高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及五选五解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种五选五习题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于五选五高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差howeverconj.然而，可是unfortunatelyadv.不幸地opp. fortunatelyright away立刻，马上printv.印刷，打印worry about焦虑，担心continuev.继续neighborhoodn.附近，街区give up放弃，交出responsibleadj.负责的，可靠的difficultadj.困难的长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. One very cold Saturday in January, I was told to take our dog out for a walk, but it was so cold that I didnt want to go outside.（优*良*差*）_句意：在一月一个非常寒冷的周六，我被让带我们的狗出去散步，但是外面太冷了以至于我不想出去。本句中包含着一个中考高频句型“sothat”，意为“如此以至于”.2. What seems easy at first may turn out to be difficult in the end.（优*良*差*）_句意：起初看起来容易的事情也许到最后变得困难。本句中包含着一个由what引导的主语从句。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于五选五解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解五选五的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了五选五的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、五选五解题步骤第一步读选项，画关键词，暗排序通读选项，了解每个选项的意思，做到心中有数，至少能知道可供选择的意思范围，以便在短时间内找出正确答案。第二步读文章，抓过渡词，找逻辑通读文章，关注段中各句子之间的逻辑关系，抓住表示并列、转折、因果关系及其他关系的过渡词，为下一步解题做准备。第三步先易后难来解题先填较容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或与选项有明显逻辑关系的句子；再填较难的空，这时选择范围会变小，可以反复对比分析，进行选择。第四步回读文章定答案全部题目做完后，把所选择的选项代入原文，检查文章前后是否连贯，所选选项是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次确定答案。二、五选五解题技巧在五选五题型中，设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾和段中。正确选项与空格前后句子关系紧密，主要依赖句子之间的逻辑关系进行选择。接下来将从并列逻辑、转折逻辑、指代逻辑、因果逻辑和总分逻辑五方面进行说明。题型题型一：并列逻辑解题技巧如果空格所在段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。典题精析例题：Make good word choices. When were not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and dont take the time to decide if theyre proper. 2 .解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第二段的段末，是用来对第二段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知E选项中的关键词good word choices与小标题一致，故选E，意为“好的词汇选择对好的作品是重要的”。答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.”题型题型二：转折逻辑解题技巧1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含转折含义的选项；2. 选项含转折逻辑，另一种常见的考查方式是空格后对该选项进行详细阐述、说明和例证。典题精析例题：5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后转折连词but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意为“但是有了简单的几步，我们能够提高我们的写作技巧。”，所以空格处应与其意思相反，故选D，意为“成为一个更好的作家不容易”。答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.”题型题型三：指代逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项中含有代词，则判断哪个空格前的句中所含有的名词代入后使上下文连贯；2. 如果空格后句中有代词，则判断哪个选项所含名词代入后上下文连贯。典题精析例题：Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben._3_.解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place.“伦敦马拉松在每年四月举行”，可知本段讲述的重点为伦敦马拉松，浏览选项可知B项People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推断出正确答案。答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.”题型题型四：因果逻辑解题技巧如果选项含有因果逻辑词，则判断哪个空格前后句与之符合因果逻辑关系；典题精析例题：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。根据空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很严重”，这是事件的原因，那么空格处应该填的是事件的结果，浏览选项可知应填C，意为“他们住在相同的病房里”，即可推断出正确答案。答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”.题型题型五：总分逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项的表达类似于“There are mainly three types of ”则该选项一般位于文章较前面的位置，用于引出后文对这几种类型的详细阐述；2. 如果空格位于某段段首，则一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。典题精析例题：Many of us dont spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 .解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。浏览全文可以发现本文是一篇“总-分”类型的文章，主要介绍的是一些关于写作的小窍门，而第二段起的一些黑体字则是tips的具体内容，所以第一段空格处应填的是一句总述句，故选B，意为“下面的小窍门可能会有帮助”。答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.”语篇精讲浏览选项（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号选项AI thought he must be very coldBShe decided to make some signsCWhen I returned, my mother smiledDI learned a very important lesson that dayEI hurriedly put on my coat and rushed outside通读文章话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级人生百味类记叙文2705-7分钟_/5The Lost DogOne very cold Saturday in January, I was told to take our dog out for a walk, but it was so cold that I didnt want to go outside. Instead, I just opened the door and let the dog out by himself.However, another neighborhood dog quickly ran past our house, and our dog sped after to catch him.1 .Unfortunately, it was too late, and my dog was gone. I walked a few blocks, but I was unable to find him.Sadly, I returned home. I told my mother what had happened and I said, “I thought he would be able to come back by himself.”My mother was very angry. 2 .The signs read, “Lost：A big black dog. Please call us right away.” and she printed our phone number on the bottom.I posted the signs along the streets around. The whole time, I was very sad and worried about our dog. 3 . I continued looking for our dog in the neighborhood, but I didnt see him anywhere. I called out his name, looking in all the backstreets. I got more and more upset. All I wanted was to stay warm, but now I was very cold and so was my dog.Finally, I gave up.4 “Our dog came back home by himself. So, you were right-he did come back-but you were wrong, too. You should have been more responsible this morning.” She said.“Yes, I was wrong.”I said in shame.5 .What seems easy at first may turn out to be difficult in the end.A. I thought he must be very coldB. She decided to make some signsC. When I returned, my mother smiledD. I learned a very important lesson that dayE. I hurriedly put on my coat and rushed outside逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇人生百味类的记叙文，文章主要讲述了作者把狗弄丢，后来又失而复得的故事，反映了“起初看起来容易的事情也许到最后变得困难”这个道理。1. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句意为“我们的狗加速追赶它”，空格后的句意为“不幸地是，太晚了，我们的狗不见了”，那么空格处所填的句子应该能够衔接前后的两个句子，浏览选项可知应选E，意为“我匆忙穿上我的衣服，然后跑出去”，本句话能够衔接前后句，故选E。答案：E2. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格后句意为“布告牌上写着寻物启事：一只大黑狗，请立刻给我们打电话”，那么空格处应该与布告牌相关，浏览选项可知应该选B，意为“她决定制作一些布告牌”。答案：B3. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句意为“自始至终，我都非常的伤心并担心我们的狗”，那么空格后应该是描述我对狗的担心，浏览选项可知应该选A，意为“我认为它一定非常冷”。答案：A4. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句意为“最后，我放弃了”，这里放弃的是寻找狗的动作，那么放弃寻找狗后，作者会做什么呢？浏览选项可知应该选C，意为“当我回到家时，我的妈妈笑了”，放弃寻找后，作者就返回了家中。答案：C5. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格后句意为“起初看起来容易的事情也许到最后变得困难”，这是通过丢狗这件事作者所学会的一个道理，浏览选项可知应选D，意为“那天我学到了非常重要的一课”。答案：D精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的五选五的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）并列逻辑1、2、3、4、5转折逻辑指代逻辑因果逻辑总分逻辑能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义conj.然而，可是unfortunatelyadv.right awayv.印刷，打印worry aboutv.继续neighborhoodn.放弃，交出responsibleadj.adj.困难的二、句子英汉互译1. 他说的不重要。_.2. 你不用担心我。我水性很好。_.3. One very cold Saturday in January, I was told to take our dog out for a walk, but it was so cold that I didnt want to go outside._.4. What seems easy at first may turn out to be difficult in the end._.5. He was so angry that he couldnt say a word._.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级健康保健类记叙文2265-7分钟_/5Food is life; it gives us the nourishment(营养) we need to stay alive and be healthy. 1 . Brian Wansink, a professor at the University of Illinois, says we also eat certain foods because they make us feel good, and remind us of happy memories. 2 . For some people, ice cream is a comfort food. For others, a bowl of noodle soup makes them feel good.How does a food become comfort food? Professor Wansink believes that we connect food with important times, feelings, and people in our lives. When I was a child, my mother made a delicious soup; I loved it. 3 , and it helps me feel better, says one of Wansinks coworkers.Do men and women choose different comfort foods? Wansinks research at the University of Illinois says yes. In his study, the favorite comfort food for both men and women was ice cream. After this, men usually preferred hot, savory foods like soup or noodles. 4 . Men and women like to eat comfort foods when they are happy, but women eat these foods more when they are sad or worried. 5 . About 40 percent of the comfort foods in Wansinks study were healthy main dishes or soups and vegetables. It shows, says Wansink, that a comfort food can taste good and be good for you.A. Not all comfort food is junk foodB. Wansink calls this kind of food comfort foodC. Now, I often eat this soup when I am tired or worriedD. Usually, we eat because we are hungry or need energyE. Women liked sweet things such as chocolate and cookies参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义howeverconj.然而，可是unfortunatelyadv.不幸地right away立刻，马上printv.印刷，打印worry about焦虑，担心continuev.继续neighborhoodn.附近，街区give up放弃，交出responsibleadj.负责的，可靠的difficultadj.困难的二、句子英汉互译。1. What he says is not important.2. You dont have to worry about me. Im a good swimmer.3. 在一月一个非常寒冷的周六，我被让带我们的狗出去散步，但是外面太冷了以至于我不想出去。4. 起初看起来容易的事情也许到最后变得困难。5. 他如此生气以至于说不出话来。阅读练习1. D 2. B 3. C 4. E 5. A第6讲（下）东城二模阅读表达教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读表达中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读表达的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读表达中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读表达高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读表达解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读表达习题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读表达高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差duringprep在期间freeadj.自由的，空闲的laugh at嘲笑createv.创造，创作informationn.信息notanymore不再end up以结束，最终成为organizev.组织be proud of以而骄傲thanks to多亏，由于长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. His friends laugh at him because he would rather read than play video games, but his parents and his teachers are proud of him.（优*良*差*）_句意：他的朋友嘲笑他因为他宁愿读书，也不愿意玩游戏，但是他的父母和老师以他为傲。本句中包含着一个中考高频句型“would ratherthan”，意为“宁愿而不愿”。2. He told his friends all about volcanoes and what causes them to erupt（爆发）.（优*良*差*）_句意：他告诉他的朋友所有关于火山的事情和是什么导致它们爆发的？本句中包含着一个由what引导的宾语从句做tell的宾语。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读表达解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读表达的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读表达的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读表达解题步骤第一步认真审题，读懂题意做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务是什么，再带着任务去阅读材料，这样就能做到心中有数，有针对性的去读，并能提高阅读效率。第二步快速浏览，掌握大意明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容，以及文章的感情基调，作者的意图、态度倾向。第三步细读题目，完成任务泛读全文之后，就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的对应，“跳读”的目的就是为细节寻找答案。第四步复读文章，核实任务完成所有任务后，还应结合题目再把全文通读一遍，认真核实答案，要注意句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓一致等。二、阅读表达解题技巧在阅读表达题型中，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成一项任务或解决一个问题，主要考察学生捕捉信息的能力，综合概括信息的能力和组织信息的能力。接下来将从细节题，是非题，主旨题和活用题四种题型的解题技巧进行讲解。题型题型一：细节题解题技巧细节题一般对人，事，地点，时间，原因及方式等进行提问，首先要审清题目要求，然后找出题目在文中出现的对应段落，直接作答或用自己的话进行转述。设题方式1. What is the writers question in Letter A?2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people?4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents jobs different from childrens jobs according to Letter A. 典题精析On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.问题：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“这个玻璃瓶在海里移动了多长时间？”，根据关键词“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可将答案锁定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 题型题型二：是非题解题技巧提问形式为一般疑问句，首先锁定范围，在范围内划出依据，然后使用Yes / No作答。设题方式1. Do parents have homework according to letter B?2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage?3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000?4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club?典题精析Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on AmrumIsland. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didnt break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didnt want to damage it. 问题：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx?解析：本题为是非题。题干意为“Marianne Winkler是在xx年发现这个瓶子的吗？”，根据第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。答案：Yes.题型题型三：主旨题解题技巧抓住文章结构，先总后分，先分后总还是总分总，确定总写在篇首还是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述几种情况，则综合全文或段落，用自己的话进行概括。中考阅读表达中的主旨大意题一般由两点或三点构成，常用的句型有：1. 介绍某个物体，新兴事物或抽象概念时：Whatis.2. 介绍某个人物时：Whois.3. 介绍做某事的方法时：How to do / How 4. 介绍某事物的优/缺点时：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of 例1. What is the passage mainly about?解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage?解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about?解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book.设题方式1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage?3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?4. What do you learn from this story?5. What is the purpose of this passage?典题精析Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.问题：What is the main idea of paragraph 4?解析：本题为段落主旨题。题干意为“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根据第四段段首句可知“澳大利亚允许更多的火自然燃烧”，而后面的内容解释的是这样做的原因是保持森林健康，综合这两点并运用in order to短语即可得出正确答案，应填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.题型题型四：活用题解题技巧主观性最强，需要准确把握主旨，围绕文章的中心观点列出要点，扩点成句，进行润色，但要注意不能不着边际，离题万里。设题方式1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why?2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?典题精析I think its only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but its good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when _.（北京朝阳期末）问题：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?解析：本题为活用题。题干意为“在letter B结尾的空白处能够填什么？”，这类题的答案比较灵活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要说的是孩子们在家里做一些家务能够帮助她们学会照顾自己，当_, 这一点是有用的。那么一定是孩子离开家，独自生活的时候，答案与此主题一致即可。答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own 语篇精讲浏览问题（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号选项1Why do Maxs friends laugh at him?2What was the science project?3Where did the group get the information about volcanoes?4What did the group use to make the volcano model?5What do you learn from this story?通读寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类记叙文3306-8分钟_/5Maxs Good HabitMax reads more than anyone he knows. He loves to read during all of his free time. His friends laugh at him because he would rather read than play video games, but his parents and his teachers are proud of him. They say reading is important, and it will help him learn about the world around him They also tell him it is a good habit to read on a regular basis.One day Max was reading a magazine article about volcanoes. He told his friends all about volcanoes and what causes them to erupt（爆发）.The very next week, his class was told to do a science project. It was to create a poster board with information about volcanoes and to build a volcano model. Guess who everyone wanted in their project group? Maxs friends werent laughing at him anymore. Max ended up being in a group with Liz, Anna and Josh.Max made copies of the magazine article about volcanoes so his project partners could read about them too. They also went to the library to look for more information about volcanoes.The group met at Annas house that night to organize the information. They all asked Max what he thought was most important. Then they discussed and decided on the information they wanted to put on the poster board.The next night they met at Joshs house to build their volcano. They used cardboard and modeling clay（黏土）.First they made a volcano shape with the cardboard, and then they covered the shape in brown clay. They also fixed red clay to the top of the volcano to make it look like it was erupting.The volcano looked great. Max, Liz, Anna and Josh were very proud of their hard work. When they teamed in their project, their teacher was proud, too. Thanks to Maxs good habit, they got an A+ on both parts of the project.1.Why do Maxs friends laugh at him?_.2. What was the science project?_.3. Where did the group get the information about volcanoes?_.4. What did the group use to make the volcano model?_.5. What do you learn from this story?_.逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的记叙文，主要讲述了主人公Max喜欢阅读的好习惯，并通过制作火山模型这件事使这个好习惯得到了大家的认可。1. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“为什么Max的朋友嘲笑他？”根据题干锁定文章第一段关键句His friends laugh at him because he would rather read than play video games“他的朋友嘲笑他因为他宁愿读书也不玩游戏”，故正确答案为Because he would rather read than play video games。答案：Because he would rather read than play video games.2. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“科学作业是什么？”，根据题干锁定文中关键句It was to create a poster board with information about volcanoes and to build a volcano model.“它是创造一块上面有关于火山的信息的海报板并建造一个火山模型”，即可推断出正确答案。答案：It was to create a poster board with information about volcanoes and to build a volcano model. 3. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“小组是从哪里得到关于火山的信息的？”，根据题干锁定文章第三段，浏览第三段可以总结出两个关键点，首先根据Max made copies of the magazine article about volcanoes“Max复印了杂志上关于火山的文章”可知第一部分信息来源是the magazine article；其次根据They also went to the library to look for more information about volcanoes.“他们也去了图书馆去寻找更多关于火山的信息”可知第二部分信息来源是the library，用and连接两点即可。答案：From the magazine article that Max read and the library.4. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“小组用什么制作火山模型？”，根据题干锁定文章倒数第二段关键句They used cardboard and modeling clay（黏土）“他们使用硬纸板和制模用的黏土”，即可推断出正确答案。答案：They use cardboard and modeling clay. 5. 解析：本题为主旨题。题干意为“我们能从这个故事中学到什么？”，浏览文章首尾段，根据尾段关键句Thanks to Maxs good habit, they got an A+ on both parts of the project.“多亏了Max的好习惯，他们在作业的两部分都获得了A+”，由此推断首先阅读是个好习惯，其次对我们的学习有帮助，组织语言即“I learn that reading is a good and important habit and its helpful for our study”
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