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Unit 3 School life词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. lifelife 名词，既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。作“生活”讲时，是不可数名词；作“生命”讲时是可数名词，其复数是“lives”。例如：Life is like a journey. 生活像一次旅行。（不可数）Three people lost their lives in the accident. 事故中三人丧生。（可数）【拓展】常见的使用life的词组有live a life 过的日子 lose ones life 丧生 save ones life 救的命give ones life 献身 come (back) to life 复活2. startstart意为“开始”，可用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时，其后跟名词、代词，也可跟动词不定式或动名词形式。begin是start的同义词，两者在用法上没有很大差别，只是start侧重动作的突然开始。例如：As soon as we got there, it started raining. 我们一到那儿就下雨了。When did we start/begin this lesson? 我们是什么时候开始讲这一课的？3. finishfinish意为“完成，结束”，作及物动词时，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。即：finish sth.或finish doing sth.。例如： I finished my homework this morning. 我今天上午做完了作业。 When did you finish drawing the picture? 你什么时候画完那幅画的？【拓展】能接v-ing作宾语的动词还有：practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。practice doing sth. 练习做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事keep doing sth. 一直做某事4. winwin是动词，意为“赢得；打败；战胜”，其现在分词要双写n，过去式和过去分词均为won。例如： He won a prize last week. 他上周得奖了。 They won the basketball match yesterday. 他们昨天赢得了那场篮球比赛。【拓展】beat和win都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为won。例如：Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。 Who won the first prize in the competition? 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？5. shop（1）shop可用作动词，意为“购物”；“go shopping/do some shopping”意为“去购物”。常见的类似用法还有：go swimming /do some swimming去游泳 go skating去滑冰 go fishing去钓鱼 go boating去划船 （2）shop 可用作名词，意为“商店”。例如： Lets go to the shop. 让我们去商店吧。 【拓展】shop, storesupermarket1） store 和shop 作名词时，均有“商店，商场”之意，基本上可以通用， 美国人常用store，英国人常用shop。store和shop作动词时，分别意为“储藏”和“购物”。例如：These vegetables are stored for this store. 这些蔬菜是为这家商店储藏的。 Mr. Green often shops at the shop near her house. 格林夫人经常在她家附近的商店里买东西。2） supermarket 指自选市场，往往比store，shop 经营规模大，经营时间长。例如：She likes doing shopping in the supermarket, because she thinks a supermarket has more goods than a shop. 她喜欢到超市买东西，因为她认为超市的货物比商店的货物多。6. always, usually, often, sometimesneveralways, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever和never是英语中最常见的频度副词。（1）always 的频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续，中间没有间断，意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如：The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。（2）usually 的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”，即很少有例外。例如：He usually goes to bed at ten oclock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。（3）often 的频度为50%左右，意为“常常”，但不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断。例如：He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。（4）sometimes 的频度为20%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首， 以示强调。例如：It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。 Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做，有时那样做。（5）never 的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。 例如： My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。7. middlecentre（1）middle 名词，意为“中间，中部”，多指面，常指和两边距离相等的中间或长方形物的中心，也可指某段时间的中间，即可用于指空间或者时间的中间。例如： Dont stand in the middle of the road. 不要站在路的中间。 He went to the America in the middle of the summer vacation. 他在暑假中期去了美国。（2）center 名词，意为“中心”。多指点，通常指平面的正中或中心点、圆形物的中心、空间的中央；也指政治、经济、文化、商业等某一方面占重要地位的中心。但不可以指狭长物的中心，且只用于空间方面。例如： There is a park at the centre of the city. 城市的中央有一个公园。Beijing is the political centre of China. 北京是中国的政治中心。8. raiseraise 动词，意为“饲养，养育，提高”。例如： He raised his arm above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。 raise salaries 提高薪水 raise a family 供养一家人 raise animals 养动物 【拓展】raise 作动词还可意为“募捐”。例如：I want to raise some money for Project Hope. 我想为希望工程捐些款。 raise 常见的搭配有： raise ones hand 举手 raise ones voice 提高声音 raise a question 提出问题9. relaxed （1）relaxed形容词，意为“感到轻松的”，常修饰人做表语。例如： He is relaxed after listening to music. 听完音乐后，他感到轻松。 （2）relaxing 也是形容词，意为“令人轻松的”，常用来修饰物或者事情，可以作表语也可以作定语。例如：Its a relaxing trip. 这是一次令人轻松的旅行。 The film is very relaxing. 这部电影很令人放松。（3）relax 是relaxed的动词形式，是不及物动词，意为“放松, 休息，使轻松”，第三人称单数为relaxes。例如：You work too hard; you should relax yourself. 你工作太努力了，你应该放松一下你自己。 This song relaxes me. 这首歌使我心情舒畅。10. miss miss为动词，意为“想念，思念”。例如： Ill miss you when you go to Canada. 你到了加拿大以后，我一定会想你。 【拓展】（1）miss作动词还有“未击中，未抓住”的意思。例如： I tried to hit the ball but I missed. 我努力地想击中球，但却未成功。（2）miss还可意为“未赶上，错过”，是动词。例如： I missed the football match on TV last night. 我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。11. want want 动词，意为“想要，需要”，其后可接名词、动词不定式等。常用于以下结构：（1）want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 例如：He wants me to play with him. 他想让我和他一起玩。He wants me to help him. 他想要我帮他。 （2）want to do sth. 想要做某事 例如：I want to have a rest. 我想要休息一下。They want to go home. 他们想要回家。 （3）want sth. 想要某物 例如：She wants a pen. 她想要一支钢笔。She wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。（4）want 还有“招聘，诚聘”的意思。例如：Musician wanted for School Music Festival. 学校音乐节招聘音乐人才。12. 12- year-old 12-year-old, 是一个复合形容词。复合形容词的构成方法有很多，“基数词+名词（不用复数），中间用连字符隔开，就构成复合形容词的一种，表示时间、度量等。可以在句子中充当定语修饰名词。例如： a 10- year-old boy 一个10岁的男孩儿 a two-day conference 为期两天的会议 a 3-hour journey 一次3小时的旅程a three-mile walk 一段三英里的步行词汇精练. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。 1. I s_ school at 8:00 a.m.2. He is too young to know much about _ (生活).3. We will teach us next _ (学期).4. They will have a big s_ meeting next month.5. Take the medicine t_ a day.6. He wants to r_ some money for the poor children in the small village.7. There are many modern s_ on both sides of the street.8. Jack is _ on (研究) the new mobile phone.9. I saw a t_ accident on my way to school.10. No one knows what will h_. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。1. He is _ (a, an) 18-year-old boy.2. Do you want _ (join) the music club?3. Tony finished _ (do) his homework this morning.4. Old people often walk _ (slow).5. Dont stop me. I can do it on _ (I) own.6. There are many interesting _ (fair) during National Day.7. Jenny, can you ride this kind of big bike by_ (you)?8. He is _ (make) a difference in his study.9. Some _ (child) are playing football.10. He is ready _ (go) on a trip. 选词填空。1. After dinner I cant _ (relax, relaxing, relaxed) either.2. She is a_ (9-year-old, 9-years-old) girl. 3. We came back in the _ of the night. (middle, center) 4. He is sure to _ (win, beat). 5. There are some _ (differences, different) between the twins. . 根据汉语提示写出相应的频度副词。1. _ (有时) our class is over a little later.2. Danny is _ (总是) sleeping in class.3. Dad _ (从不) smokes.4. Mom and I _ (经常) go shopping on weekends.5. Li Ming _ (通常) goes to the zoo on Sunday morning.参考答案. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1. start 2. life 3. term 4. sports 5. twice6. raise 7. shops 8. working 9. terrible 10. happen. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。1. an 2. to join 3. doing 4. slowly 5. my6. fairs 7. yourself 8. making 9. children 10. to go. 选词填空。1. relax 2. 9-year-old 3. middle 4. win 5. differences. 根据汉语提示写出相应的频度副词。1. Sometimes 2. always 3. never 4. often 5. usually句式精讲1. You are good at the long jump. be good at 意为“擅长”， at是介词，后面可以接名词、代词或动名词。例如：Im good at English. 我擅长英语。Tom is good at playing football. 汤姆擅长踢足球。【拓展1】be good at 相当于词组do well in，在句子中常可以互换。例如： She is good at Chinese. = She does well in Chinese. 她擅长汉语。【拓展2】（1）be good to“对好”，其反义短语为be bad to“对不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。例如：She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。 （2）be good with“和相处得好”。例如： Are you good with children? 你和孩子们相处得好吗？（3）be good for意为“对有好处”，介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for，意为“对有害”。例如： Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。 Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。2. Then you can help your family, friends and other people, too. （1）help sb. 意为“帮助某人”。例如：Can I help you? 我能帮助你吗？（2）help sb. (to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如： He helps me to learn English.= He helps me learn English. 他帮助我学习英语。（3） help sb. with sth.在某事上帮助某人 例如：My maths teacher helps me with my maths. 我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。3. How is going? （1）How isgoing 意为“怎么样”，是用来询问某物/某事的情况怎么样的句型。这个句型是一个日常口语中出现频率很高的句型，和它意思相当的句型还有：Hows it going? 情况怎么样? Hows everything? 情况如何？ 进展如何？Hows everything going with you? 你一切情况如何？ 回答这些问句时常用：Its going pretty well. / All goes well. / Everything goes well. 一切顺利。（2）how是一个副词，可以和很多词搭配构成不同的词组来组成一个特殊疑问句，例如how old，how much, how long等（具体讲解见上册第五单元的专项语法讲解：一般疑问句和特殊疑问）。例如： How much is it? 这个多少钱？ How old are you? 你多大了？4. be happy to do“sb. + be + 形容词 + to do sth.”表示“某人做某事”。常见的用这个句型结构的形容词还有：happy，sorry， surprised， excited， glad等。例如： She is very happy to hear from her mother. 收到她妈妈的来信，她非常高兴。 I am glad to eat so nice food. 吃这么好的食物，我很高兴。【拓展】和这个句型类似的句型还有：（1）It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是的”。例如： Its important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。 Its necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。 （2）上面这个句型中的“for sb.”有时也可以用“of sb.”， 但是二者意义有区别： 1）在Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。例如： Its necessary for the students to do some housework. 对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。 2）在Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如： Its very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。5. On the first day of school something terrible happened. happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和take place是同义词。常与用以下结构中：（1）“sth. + happen + 地点/时间”意为“某地/某时发生某事”。有时也可以根据实际情况省略后面的地点或者时间；或者将时间或点的位置放在句首。例如： An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。 The story happened last year. 故事发生在去年。（2）“sth. +happen to sb.”表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”。例如： A car accident happened to him yesterday. 昨天他发生了一场车祸。 What happened to you? (=What was wrong / the matter with you?) 你怎么了？（3）“sb. +happen +to do sth.”意为“某人碰巧做某事”。等于“sb. do sth. by accident” 例如： I happened to meet your mother yesterday. 昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。 I met her by accident in the street. 我碰巧在街上见到了她。句式精练1. 仔细阅读对话，选择方框内的句子填空，使对话意思连贯正确。AMe tooBI never walk to schoolCAnd how do you arrive at the park on weekends?DI usually get up at 6:30EHow do you usually go to school?A: Jack，when do you usually get up?B: 1 A: 2 B: On footMy home is near the schoolWhat about you，Tom?A: 3 I always take a bus to schoolB: 4 A: I often go there by bikeHow about you?B: 5 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_.句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。 1. He is good at English. (改为同义句)He _ _ _ English.2. The boy stays at home alone. (改为同义句) The boy stays at home _ _.3. He has six classes every day. (对划线部分提问) _ _ classes does he _？4. He did his homework at home. (改为否定句) He _ _ his homework at home.5. I like P.E. best. (改为同义句) P.E. is _ _.6. I want to work in China because I love China and its people. (对划线部分提问) _ _ you want to work in China?7. make, she, in, a, to, future, difference, the, wants (.) (连词成句) _8. I arrived in China two months ago. (对划线部分提问) _ _ you _ in China?9. My sister had lunch at school yesterday. (用always 改写句子) My sister_ _ lunch at school.10. Jane is from Canada. (改为同义句) Jane _ _ Canada.根据汉语提示，完成句子。1. 一切都好吗？_ is everything _?2. 班里有50名学生。_ _ fifty students _ _ _. 3. 我们不能轻易放弃它。 We cant _ _ _easily. 4. 我上学从未迟到过。 I _ _ late for school.5. 我哥哥将来相当一名演员。 My elder brother _ _ _ an actor _ _ _.6. 昨天他出什么事儿了？ What _ _ _ yesterday?7. 孩子们对有趣的故事书感兴趣。 The children are _ in _ storybooks.8. 看到他我很惊讶。 I was _ _ _him.9. 去年王老师教我们英语。 Miss Wang _ _ English last year.10. 周末她经常帮妈妈做家务。 She often _ her mother _housework on weekends.参考答案. 仔细阅读对话，选择方框内的句子填空，使对话意思连贯正确。1. D 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. AII. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。1. does well in 2. by, himself 3. How many, have 4. didnt do5. my favorite 6. Why do 7. She wants to make a difference in the future.8. When did, arrive 9. always has 10. comes from. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1. How, going 2. There are, in the class 3. give it up 4. am never5. wants to be, in the future 6. happened to him 7. interested, interesting8. surprised to see 9. taught us 10. helps, with
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