资源描述
陈述句和祈使句陈述句和祈使句知识精讲一、陈述句1. 陈述句概念和基本类型陈述句是用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法的句子。根据句中动词的类型和后接宾语的情况，通常又可将陈述句划分成一下五种形式：类型常见谓语动词例句主语+不及物动词S+Visleep, walk, happen, come,go, stay, arrive, laugh,等The boy slept for a long time.那个男孩睡了很久。主语+及物动词+宾语S+Vt+Oraise, call, meet, eat, leave等Everyone knows the rule.每个人都知道这个规则。主语+及物动词+双宾语S+Vt+O+Ogive pass, lend, send, show,buy, make, find, draw等Tommy gave me a present yesterday.汤米昨天送给我一个礼物。主语+及物动词+宾语+补语S+Vt+O+Cmake, call, find, have, ask,tell, keep, want, hear等He found the movie interesting.他发现这部电影很有意思。主语+系动词+表语S+V(系动词)+Pbe, become, look, get, feel,see, turn, keep, sound等Tony felt happy.托尼感到很开心。注：S：主语；Vi：不及物动词；Vt：及物动词；P：表语；O：宾语；C：宾语补足语。2. 陈述句的否定结构陈述句的否定一般否定在be动词，助动词或情态动词上，如：I am not a doctor but a teacher.我不是一名医生而是一个老师。I havent finished my homework yet.我还没完成我的作业。I cant do it by myself.我不能独立完成。在以下几种情况下，句子否定比较特殊，需要特别注意。1). 含有have的否定句(1). have作实意动词，表“有”或“吃”时，否定在前，根据时态用dont, doesnt或didnt否定，如：I didnt have lunch today.今天我没吃午饭。(2). have作为助动词，即在完成时中，否定直接用havent既可，如：I havent been to China yet.我还没去过中国。2). 含有all, both, each, bothand等的肯定句中，加not为部分否定；若表示全部否定需要把上述词变成否定形式，即no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neithernor等词，如：肯定：Both Tom and Jack are good students.汤姆和杰克都是好学生。否定：Neither Tom nor Jack is good student.汤姆和杰克都不是好学生。3). 句中含有already（已经），too（也）的肯定句加not变为否定句时，要分别把already和too变为yet和either，如：肯定：He has already finished his homework.他已经完成了他的作业。否定：He hasnt finished his work yet.他尚未完成作业。4). 含有always, many, much, often等词的肯定句可直接用never(hardly), few, little, seldom变为否定句，而不用加not，如：肯定：He always gets up early in the morning.他早上总是早起。否定：He never gets up early in the morning.他早上从不早起。5). 在谓语动词是think，believe，suppose的宾语从句中，否定宾语从句，应该将否定放在主语，如：肯定：I think you are right.我认为你是对的。否定：I dont think you are right.我认为你不对。二、祈使句祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常为第二人称，且被省略，谓语动词用原形，巨末用感叹号或句号，读降调，如：Dont be late! 不要迟到！（命令语气）Close the window, please. 请关一下窗子。（请求）注：祈使句中谓语动词无时态和数的变化，形式统一，肯定结构主要有以下下几种：结构例句动词原形+宾语+其他Give it to me. 把它给我。Be+表语+其他Be careful! 小心点！Let +宾语+动词原形+其他Lets go to the Beihai Park. 让我们去北海公园吧。Please+动词原形+其他Please pass me the pen./ Pass me the pen, please. 请把笔递给我。三点剖析一、重点：陈述句的五大基本结构；陈述句的句型转换；祈使句的含义。二、难点：陈述句的否定。1. 否定大多时候是找原句中的助动词作文章，如果有助动词或be动词就否定在它们身上，若没有需要判断时态和人称，借助do, did, does进行否定；2. think等表观点词的否定转移；3. eitheror等关联词的全否定。三、拓展考点：1. 陈述句转换为疑问句。疑问句部分会详细介绍不同类型的疑问句，此处提一句陈述句如何转换成疑问句。主要有以下两个原则：1). 若陈述句中有be动词、情态动词、助动词，我们只要把这次词提到主语前即实现了句型的转换，如：陈述句：He is a good student. 他是一个好学生。疑问句：Is he a good student? 他是个好学生么？2). 若陈述句中没有上述这些词，我们需要判断时态和人称，将do，did，does放与句首用于疑问，如：陈述句：He plays basketball well. 他篮球打的很好。疑问句：Does he play basketball well? 他篮球打的好么？2. 祈使句的否定1). 动词和be动词开头的祈使句，否定直接在句首加Dont即可，如：Dont put it there, Sam. 别放在那，山姆。Dont be late again. 别再迟到了。2). “No+名词或动名词”结构，常用语生活中的警示语，如：No smoking in the library. 图书馆禁止吸烟。题模精选题模一：陈述句例1.1.1 根据中文提示，完成句子。请把这封信寄给她。_.例1.1.2 将陈述句转换为否定句。1. I have a lot of money. (转换为否定句)_.2. All of us like this movie very much._.例1.1.3 将陈述句转换为疑问句。1. He is going swimming this weekend._.2. He likes playing football very much._.题模二：祈使句例1.2.1 _ this rock music, please. Im afraid some people cant stand the noise!A StoppingB StopC StopsD Stopped例1.2.2 Jack, _, or you will get heavier.A doesnt play sports any moreB doesnt eat so much meatC dont play sports any moreD dont eat so much meat例1.2.3 根据中英文提示，完成句子。我们不要大声说话。（let）_.随堂练习随练1.1 I_ his name.A do not knowB no knowC know notD know no随练1.2 She told us an interesting story yesterday. It made all of us _.A to laughB to be laughingC laughedD laughing随练1.3 The boy was badly ill. He must be _ immediately.A sent to the hospitalB sent hospitalC sending to the hospitalD sending hospital随练1.4 句型转换1. Sometimes you are supposed to come early. (改为否定句)_.2. Both the students and their teacher enjoy this book. (改为否定句)_.3. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改为祈使句)_.4. Please sit next to Nancy. (改为否定句)_.5. If you dont listen to me, Ill go. (改为祈使句)_.随练1.5 _ me the truth, or Ill be angry.A TellingB To tellC ToldD Tell随练1.6 _ late again, Bill!A Dont to beB Dont beC Not beD Be not自我总结课后作业作业1 I _ my homework yet.A not have finishedB havent finishedC have no finishedD dont have finished作业2 The tea _ good.A soundB tasteC soundsD tastes作业3 When you leave the classroom, please keep the door _.A to closeB closeC closedD closing作业4 句型转换1. He did some work this morning. (改为否定句)_.2. Neither Jane nor Maria can speak Chinese very well. (改为肯定句)_.3. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. (改为祈使句)_.4. If you move, youll die. (改为祈使句)_.5. David has some Chinese lessons every week. (改为一般疑问句)_.作业5 _ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A NotB WontC DoesntD Dont作业6 Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow.A bringB bringsC to bringD bringing答案解析陈述句和祈使句题模精选题模一：陈述句例1.1.1【答案】 Send this letter to her, please./ Send her this letter, please.【解析】 考查主谓双宾结构和祈使句。send为主谓双宾动词，用send sth. to sb./ send sb. sth.；本句为祈使句，please加后面，要用逗号与主句隔开。例1.1.2【答案】 1. I dont have a lot of money.2. None of us like(s) this movie.【解析】 1. 考查陈述句转换否定句。have作实意动词，最简单的方法就是用dont否定在前。2. 考查陈述句转换否定句。all的全否定要用none，若用not all则表示“不都是”意思有差别。例1.1.3【答案】 1. Is he going swimming this weekend?2. Does he like playing football very much?【解析】 1. 考查陈述句转换疑问句。句中有be动词的陈述句，直接提前就可以变成疑问句。2. 考查陈述句转换疑问句。陈述句中没有be动词，情态动词或助动词，疑问句用do的相应时态，人称，提前到主语前。题模二：祈使句例1.2.1【答案】B【解析】 考查祈使句。以动词开头的祈使句，动词用原形，不受时态人称限制，故选B。例1.2.2【答案】D【解析】 考查祈使句的否定。根据句意：杰克，别再吃了，否则你会变得更重。排除AC；祈使句中否定用dont，故选D。例1.2.3【答案】 Lets not speak loudly.【解析】 考查祈使句特殊否定。let sb do结构中，否定为不定式的否定，在do前直接加not。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】A【解析】 考查陈述句的否定。本句没有助动词，否定根据事态用dont, didnt, doesnt否定在谓语动词前，故选A。随练1.2【答案】D【解析】 考查陈述句基本结构。本句为主谓宾宾补结构，空中缺少补语，make后若用不定式要省略to，排除AB；本句中是让我们大家大笑，动词要变成分词来充当补语，又此处笑为主动，用现在分词，故选D。随练1.3【答案】A【解析】 考查陈述句结构和被动语态。本句为主谓双宾结构，即send sb. to sp.；为被动，故选A。随练1.4【答案】 1. Sometimes you are not supposed to come early.2. Neither the students nor their teacher enjoys this book.3. Please read it again more slowly,4. Dont sit next to Nancy, please.5. Listen to me please, or Ill go.【解析】 1. 考查陈述句的否定。本句中有系动词are，直接否定即可。2. 考查陈述句否定。bothand并列主语否定需改为neithernor，且谓语动词就近一致，用单数形式。3. 考查祈使句。祈使句省略第二人称，用please或动词原形开头。4. 考查祈使句否定。祈使句否定直接在动词前加dont。5. 考查祈使句和连词。祈使句省略第二人称，动词原形开头，后一句表示不这样做的后果，所以用or连接，表“否则”。随练1.5【答案】D【解析】 考查祈使句的肯定形式。祈使句省略第二人称，用动词原形表命令口吻，故选D。随练1.6【答案】B【解析】 考查祈使句的否定。祈使句否定用dont否定在动词前，故选B。作业1【答案】B【解析】 考查陈述句的否定。本句为完成时，含有助动词have，直接否定在助动词上就可以了，故选B。作业2【答案】D【解析】 考查陈述句结构。句意：这茶喝着不错。故排除AC；主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式，故选D。作业3【答案】C【解析】 考查陈述句结构。本句为主谓宾宾补结构，空中缺少补语，补语一般为形容词，本句中是让门关着，动词要变成分词来充当补语，门被关着，用过去分词，故选C。作业4【答案】 1. He didnt do any work this morning.2. Both Jane and Maria can speak Chinese very well.3. Dont be careless, please.4. Dont move, or youll die.5. Does David have any Chinese lessons every week?【解析】 1. 考查陈述句的否定。本句没有助动词，否定根据时态用dont, didnt, doesnt否定在谓语动词前，本句为过去时，用didnt；否定疑问用any。2. 考查陈述句否定。bothand并列主语否定需改为neithernor，反之亦然。3. 考查祈使句的否定。祈使句否定直接用dont否定在动词前，please一般放于句末，且用逗号与主句隔开。4. 考查祈使句和连词。祈使句省略第二人称，动词原形开头，否定直接放在动词前；后一句表示不这样做的后果，所以用or连接，表“否则”。5. 考查陈述句转疑问句。本句无助动词，需要根据时态，用do, did, does提前进行疑问；又否定疑问句中用any。作业5【答案】D【解析】 考查祈使句否定。祈使句否定直接否定在动词前。本句句意为：红绿灯变绿前不要穿过马路，为一般事实陈述，故选D。作业6【答案】A【解析】 考查祈使句。肯定祈使句用动词原形开头，真正的主语其实是you而不是凯特，不用三单，故选A。
展开阅读全文