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1. Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes. They are left in the _1 _ of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their _2 _ children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any _3_ visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-and _4 _ story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care _5 _ elderly people need. Samuel Preston, a sociologist, studied _6 _ the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the _7 _ American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. _8 _, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years _9 _, family members must provide long term care. More psychologists have found that all caregivers _10 _ a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best _11 _ for the job. In other words, they all felt that they _12 _ do the job better than anyone else. Social workers _13 _ caregivers to find out why they took _ 14 _ the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Many caregivers believed they had the _15 _ to help their relative. Some stated that helping others _16 _ them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping _17_ now, they would deserve care when they became old and _18 _. Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a _19_ satisfying experience for everyone who might be _20_.1、A、handsB、armsC、bodiesD、homes正确答案：A2、A、growingB、grownC、growD、grows正确答案：B3、A、constantB、lastingC、regularD、normal正确答案：C4、A、imaginaryB、imaginableC、imaginativeD、imagery正确答案：A5、A、thatB、thisC、thoseD、these正确答案：A6、A、whenB、howC、whatD、where正确答案：B7、A、commonB、ordinaryC、standardD、average正确答案：D8、A、StillB、HoweverC、MoreoverD、Whereas正确答案：C9、A、beforeB、agoC、laterD、lately正确答案：B10、A、shareB、enjoyC、divideD、consent正确答案：A11、A、personB、peopleC、characterD、man正确答案：B12、A、would B、willC、couldD、can正确答案：C13、A、questionedB、interviewedC、inquiredD、interrogate正确答案：B14、A、inB、upC、onD、off正确答案：C15、A、admirationB、initiativeC、necessityD、obligation正确答案：D16、A、causeB、enableC、makeD、get正确答案：C17、A、someoneB、anyoneC、everyoneD、anybody正确答案：A18、A、elderlyB、dependentC、dependableD、independent正确答案：B19、A、similarlyB、differentlyC、mutuallyD、certainly正确答案：C20、A、involvedB、excludedC、includedD、considered正确答案：A2. Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed _1_ over the centuries. During the 1950s especially, increased attention has been devoted to _2_ and describing the reading process. _3_specialists agree that reading _4_ a complex organization of higher mental _5_, they disagree _6_ the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, _7_ reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand _8_.These authorities _9_ that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is _10_ related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without _11_ their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, _12_ to some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who _13_ reads.Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its _14_ . By some experts they would not be _15_ as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most _16_ and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to _17_ the sound symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various _18_, at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do _19_ widely and enthusiastically. _20_ short, reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.1、A、substantivelyB、substantiallyC、substitutivelyD、subjectively正确答案：B2、A、distributingB、promotingC、definingD、reporting正确答案：C3、A、AlthoughB、IfC、UnlessD、Until正确答案：A4、A、involvesB、takesC、revealsD、invites正确答案：A5、A、opinionsB、effectsC、mannersD、functions正确答案：D6、A、ofB、aboutC、forD、into正确答案：B7、A、viewB、lookC、reassureD、agree正确答案：A8、A、byB、toC、offD、for正确答案：D9、A、contentB、contendC、contemptD、contact正确答案：B10、A、inexplicablyB、inexpressiblyC、inextricablyD、inexpediently正确答案：A11、A、interpretingB、tellingC、explainingD、reading正确答案：A12、A、likeB、forC、accordingD、as正确答案：C13、A、totallyB、usuallyC、mainlyD、actually正确答案：D14、A、partB、entiretyC、chapterD、section正确答案：B15、A、claimedB、saidC、classifiedD、graded正确答案：C16、A、inclusiveB、inclinableC、conclusiveD、complicated正确答案：C17、A、breakB、elaborateC、defineD、unlock正确答案：D18、A、purposesB、degreesC、stagesD、steps正确答案：A19、A、suchB、so asC、soD、such as正确答案：C20、A、ByB、InC、OnD、To正确答案：B3. PartIV Cloze (20 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the followingpassage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D onthe right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that bestfits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.1.Manypeople wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families placethem in nursing homes. They are left in the _36 _ of strangers for therest of their lives. Their _37 _ children visit them only occasionally,but more often, they do not have any _38_ visitors. The truth is that thisidea is an unfortunate mythan _39 _ story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent ofthe care _40 _ elderly people need. Samuel Preston, a sociologist, studied_41 _ the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the_42 _ American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents thanchildren. _43 _, because people today live longer after an illness thanpeople did years _44 _, family members must provide long term care. Morepsychologists have found that all caregivers _45 _ a commoncharacteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best _46 _ forthe job. In other words, they all felt that they _47 _ do the job betterthan anyone else. Social workers _48 _ caregivers to find out why theytook _ 49 _ the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative. Manycaregivers believed they had _50 _ to help their relative. Some stated thathelping others _51 _ them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping_52_ now, they would deserve care when they became old and _53 _.Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a _54_ satisfyingexperience for everyone who might be _55_.36. A. hands B. arms C. bodies D. homes37. A. growing B. grown C. grow D. grows38. A. constant B. lasting C. regular D. normal39. A. imaginary B. imaginable C. imaginative D. imagery40. A. that B. this C. those D. these41. A. when B. how C. what D. where42. A. common B. ordinary C. standard D. average43. A. Still B. However C. Moreover D. Whereas44. A. before B. ago C. later D. lately45. A. share B. enjoy C. divide D. consent46. A. person B. people C. character D. man47. A. would B. will C. could D. can48. A. questioned B. interviewed C. inquired D.interrogate49. A. in B. up C. on D. off50. A. admiration B. initiative C. necessity D. obligation51. A. cause B. enable C. make D. get52. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. anybody53. A. elderly B. dependent C. dependable D. independent54. A. similarly B. differently C. mutually D. certainly55. A. involved B. excluded C. included D. considered答案解析： 36. A 解析 惯用搭配题。in the hands of 意为“ 由控制或照料”，是惯用搭配，刚好与句意相符，所以 A 正确。37. B 解析 逻辑衔接题。此处缺少的是定语， 4 个选项中 A，B 都可以充当定语，growing 意为“成长的，正在长大的”，grown 意为“长大成人的，成年的”，结合前文内容可知，应选 B。38. C 解析 词义辨析题。regular 意为“定期的，有规律的”，与 visitors 搭配指“定期来看望的人” ，故选 C。normal 意为“ 正常的” ，constant 意为“经常的” ，lasting 意为“持续的”，均排除。39. A 解析 词义辨析题。下文对前面提到的观点进行了反驳，也就是说前面所说的情况不是真实存在的，故选 A（不真实的、虚构的）。imaginable 意为“可想象的”，imaginative 意为“富于想象力的”，imagery 意为“肖像”，均排除。40. A解析 逻辑衔接题。此处应用 that 引导定语从句充当 care 的定语，故选 A。41. B解析 逻辑衔接题。根据上下文可知，该句谈到社会学家研究了美国家庭如何在改变，应该用 how 引导宾语从句，表示改变的方式，故选B。42. D解析 词义辨析题。common 意为“普通的，共同的”；强调一种趋同的ordinary 与 special 相对立，强调平凡，毫无特性；standard 意为“标准的”； average 意为“一般的，平均的”，强调的是在类型或特征上通常的或平均情况。由此可知，本题选 D。43. C解析 词义辨析题。still 意为“尽管如此，但仍然”，表让步；however 意为“然而” ，表转折；moreover 意为“而且”；whereas 意为“尽管”。分析上下文可知，前后两句应为递进关系，故选 C。44. B解析 词义辨析题。ago 意为“以前”，指从现在算起，故选 B。before意为“以前 ”，指从过去某个时刻算起，故排除。45. A解析 词义辨析题。share 意为“共享，共有” ，与 a common characteristic 搭配意为 “具有共同的特征”，所以 A 正确。46. B解析 词义辨析题。句中谓语为 are，故此处应填入一个复数形式的名词，所以 B 正确。47. C解析 逻辑衔接题。本句的主句是过去时，故排除 will 和 can，而would 表示一种意愿，也应排除，故选 C。48. B解析 词义解析题。question 和 inquire 意为“询问，疑问”，interrogate 意为“审问”，interview 意为“面试，访问 ”，此处句意为“社会工作者访问护理人员，想弄明白为什么他们要承担照顾年纪大的亲戚的责任”，所以 B 正确。49. C 解析 惯用搭配题。take in 意为“欺骗；收容”，take up 意为“从事”，take on 意为“承担”，take off 意为“脱下；起飞”，只有 take on 能与responsibility 搭配，故选 C。50. D 解析 词义辨析题。admiration 意为“羡慕”，initiative 意为“主动” ，necessity 意为“ 必要性 ”，obligation 意为“责任，义务 ”，此处句意为“护理人员相信他们有这个义务帮助他们的亲戚”，所以 D 正确。51. C 解析 惯用搭配题。make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，符合句意，所以 C 正确。52. A 解析 词义辨析题。someone 泛指某个人，anyone 和 anybody 指任何人，everyone 指每个人，结合句意可知，A 正确。53. B 解析 词义辨析题。elderly 意为“年纪稍老的”，dependent 意为“依靠别人的”，dependable 意为“可靠的”，independent 意为“独立的”，此处句意为“当他们老了需要依靠别人时，他们应该得到照顾”，所以 B正确。54. C 解析 词义辨析题。similarly 意为“同样地、相似地”，differently 意为“不同地” ，mutually 意为“共同地”，certainly 意为“当然地”，结合句意，照顾老人和被照顾是一种相互关系，由此可知，C 正确。55. A 解析 词义辨析题。involved 意为“涉及的，牵涉到的”，excluded 意为“排除在外的，不包括的”，included 意为“ 包含的 ”，considered 意为“被考虑到” ，此句意为“照顾老人和被照顾是一种相互的关系，每个人都有可能涉足其中”，所以 A 正确。4. Every year more than half a million American kids have drainage (排泄) tubes surgically implanted in their ears to combat persistent infections. The procedure, known as tympanostomy, may not be as _1_ as the tonsillectomy was in the 1940s, but it now _2_ as the nations leading childhood _3_ and a new study suggests its being vastly overused. In _4_ more than 6,000 scheduled ear tube operations, a team of experts _5_ by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman found that fewer than half were clearly justified. Each year, the researchers write in the current Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), several hundred thousand children in the United States may be _6_ tympanostomy tubes that offer them no demonstrated _7_ and may place them at increased _8_ .Tube placement isnt a _9_ risky procedure, but it costs $1,000 to $1,500 and sometimes scars the eardrum, causing a partial loss of _10_ . Studies show that the benefits are most likely to _11_ the risks if a childs middle ear has produced sticky fluid _12_ more than four months despite treatment _13_ antibiotics. For less virulent infections, drug treatment is usually a(n) _14_, safer alternative (though drugs, too, can be overused). In the new JAMA study, Kleinmans team reviewed the medical charts of 6,429 kids, all under 16, _15_ doctors had recommended the procedure. Even making generous assumptions about the likely _16_ , the researchers found that a quarter of the proposed operations were _17_, since less invasive alternatives were available, _18_ another third were as likely to harm the recipients as help them.Parents neednt _19_ about ear tubes that are already in place. Once _20_ implanted, the tiny devices provide drainage for six months to a year, then come out by reducing health costs by hundreds of millions of dollars every year.1、A、rareB、commonC、generalD、abnormal正确答案：B2、A、considersB、alternatesC、rangesD、ranks正确答案：D3、A、operationB、diseaseC、conditionD、injection正确答案：A4、A、findingB、reviewingC、amendingD、performing正确答案：B5、A、controlledB、conductedC、legitimatedD、led正确答案：D6、A、receivingB、acceptingC、undertakingD、initiating正确答案：A7、A、disadvantageB、agreementC、advantageD、shortcoming正确答案：C8、A、bottomB、riskC、edgeD、extent正确答案：B9、A、subtlyB、hopefullyC、merelyD、terribly正确答案：D10、A、feelingB、hearingC、healthD、memory正确答案：B11、A、outfitB、outflowC、outweighD、outgrow正确答案：C12、A、forB、onC、inD、to正确答案：A13、A、byB、uponC、withD、along正确答案：C14、A、expensiveB、fasterC、furtherD、cheaper正确答案：D15、A、whichB、whoseC、thatD、who正确答案：B16、A、risksB、dangersC、chancesD、benefits正确答案：D17、A、inappropriateB、favorableC、preferableD、inadequate正确答案：A18、A、whereB、whenC、whetherD、while正确答案：D19、A、outrageB、panicC、complainD、protest正确答案：D20、A、livelyB、quicklyC、successfullyD、formally正确答案：C5. Reading involves looking atgraphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 36 over the centuries. During the 1950sespecially, increased attention has been devoted to 37 and describing the reading process. 38 specialists agree that reading 39 a complex organization ofhigher mental 40 , they disagree 41 the exact nature of the process. Some experts,who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 42 reading as simply the decoding of symbols tothe sounds they stand 43 .These authorities 44 that meaning, being concerned with thinking,must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain thatreading is 45 relatedto thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 46 their meaning is not truly reading. Thereader, 47 to some, is not just a person with atheoretical ability to read but one who 48 reads.Many adults, althoughthey have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 49 . Bysome experts they would not be 50 asreaders. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of readingwill depend on the definition one uses. By the most 51 and satisfactory definition, reading is theability to 52 the sound symbols code of the language, tointerpret meaning for various 53 , at various rates, and at various levelsof difficulty, and to do 54 widelyand enthusiastically. 55 short,reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representingsounds and ideas.36. A. substantively B. substantially C. substitutively D.subjectively37. A. distributing B.promoting C. defining D. reporting38. A. Although B.If C. Unless D. Until39. A. involves B.takes C. reveals D. invites40. A. opinions B.effects C. manners D. functions41. A.of B. about C.for D. into42. A.view B. look C. reassure D. agree43. A.by B. to C. off D. for44. A.content B. contend C. contempt D. contact45. A. inexplicably B.inexpressibly C. inextricably D. inexpediently46. A. interpreting B.telling C. explaining D. reading47. A.like B. for C.according D. as48. A.totally B. usually C. mainly D. actually49. A. part B. entirety C.chapter D. section50. A.claimed B. said C. classified D. graded51. A.inclusive B. inclinable C. conclusive D. complicated52. A.break B. elaborate C. define D. unlock53. A.purposes B. degrees C. stages D. steps54. A.such B. so as C. so D. such as55. A.By B. In C. On D. To答案解析：36. B 词义辨析题。substantively 意为“实质地”，substantially 意为“充分地，很多地”，substitutively 意为“可替代地”，subjectively 意为“主观地”。本句意为“经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经_改变了”，选项 B与最符合句意。37. C 介词用法题。本句中的 to 是介词，应该接名词或动名词。结合其后“and describing the reading process”可知，应选 C。38. A词义辨析题。两个分句的谓语分别是 agree 和 disagree，由此可知，这两个分句应为转折关系，故选 A。39. A 词义辨析题。involve 意为 “卷入，包括”，take 意为“拿走，获得” ，reveal 意为“显示，揭露”，invite 意为“邀请”。结合句意“专家们认为阅读_ 更高的、更复杂的智力活动”，A 项最合适。40. D 词义辨析题。mental function 意为“智力活动”，故选 D。opinion 意为“意见”，manner 意为“行为”，effect 意为“影响”，这三项与 mental 搭配均不符合句意，故排除。41. B 惯用搭配题。disagree about/on 意为“对有不同意见”，故选 B。42. A 惯用搭配题。view.as 是惯用搭配，意为“把看做”，故选 A。look是不及物动词，如要使用，应加上介词 at。43. D 惯用搭配题。stand by 意为“支持”，stand to 意为“遵守”，stand off 意为“疏远 ”，stand for 意为“代表”。结合句意可知，D 项正确。44. B 词义辨析题。content 意为“内容”，contend 意为“争论，主张”，contemp 意为“轻视”，contact 意为“接触”。结合句意可知，B 项正确。45. A 词义辨析题。inexplicably 意为“无法解释地”，inexpressibly 意为“说不来出地”，inextricably 意为“解决不了地”，inexpediently 意为“不明智地”。结合句意可知，A 项正确。46. A 词义辨析题。本句意为“一个孩子能读出声而不_所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读”，故选 A，interpreting 意为“了解，理解”。explain 意为“解释”，真正的阅读并不需要去解释什么，而是要理解所读材料的意思。47. C 词义辨析题。some 在句中指代与 authorities 持不同观点的人，空格与后面的 to some 共同构成插入语，according to 为固定搭配，该插入语意为“根据有些人的观点”，故选 C。48. D 词义辨析题。totally 意为 “完全地”，usually 意为“通常”，mainly 意为“大体地” ，均不符合句意，排除。actually 意为“ 实际上”，下一句对其进行了反向解释，即“有阅读能力的许多成年人，并未全面读过一本书。”言外之意，他们实际上不算读者，故选 D。49. B 词义辨析题。part 意为“部分，零件”，entirety 意为“整体”，chapter 意为“章”，section 意为“部分；节”；in its entirety 意为“整体地，全面地”。由此可知，选项 B 正确。50. C 词义辨析题。be classified as 意为“被划分，被分类到 ”，符合句意，故选 C。51. C 词义辨析题。conclusive 意为“ 确定的”，the most conclusive 是其最高级，指最确定的，故选 C。inclusive 意为“包括的；包围的”，inclinable 意为“ 倾向于；赞成的 ”，complicated 意为“复杂的”，均不符合句意。52. D 词义辨析题。unlock 意为 “解开，破译”，符合句意，故选D。elaborate 意为“详细说明”，break 意为“破裂”，define 意为“解释”，均不符合句意。53. A 词义辨析题。由句意“为了不同的_而对意思进行解释”，可知A 项正确。for various purposes 意为“出于各种各样的原因”。54. C 词义辨析题。so 用在 do 之后代表上文提到的具体动作，以避免重复，故选 C。55. B 惯用搭配题。结合上下文可知，此处要作总结，四个选项中只有 B 项能和 short 构成短语 in short（总之）。
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