资源描述
专题十九 任务型阅读第2讲（上）东城一模五选五教学目标1. 掌握本篇五选五中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握五选五的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇五选五中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过五选五高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及五选五解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种五选五习题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于五选五高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差as well也，还有insteadadv.反而，代替sillyadj.愚蠢的lose weight减肥keep fit保持健康popularadj.流行的hopefullyadv.有希望地adj. hopefultake place发生，举行suddenlyadv. 意外地，忽然地trainern. 运动鞋长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. In some schools when it rains and its too wet to play football or hockey, children have to do cross country running instead.（优*良*差*）_句意：在一些学校，当下雨时会太湿以至于不能踢足球或玩曲棍球，孩子们不得不用越野跑来代替。本句涉及高频句型：“tooto”，意为“太而不能”。2. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.（优*良*差*）_句意：这个比赛覆盖了一条极好的路线，在这条路线上赛跑者经过许多著名的地方，像伦敦眼和大本钟。本句中包含着一个由which引导的定语从句。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于五选五解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解五选五的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了五选五的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、五选五解题步骤第一步读选项，画关键词，暗排序通读选项，了解每个选项的意思，做到心中有数，至少能知道可供选择的意思范围，以便在短时间内找出正确答案。第二步读文章，抓过渡词，找逻辑通读文章，关注段中各句子之间的逻辑关系，抓住表示并列、转折、因果关系及其他关系的过渡词，为下一步解题做准备。第三步先易后难来解题先填较容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或与选项有明显逻辑关系的句子；再填较难的空，这时选择范围会变小，可以反复对比分析，进行选择。第四步回读文章定答案全部题目做完后，把所选择的选项代入原文，检查文章前后是否连贯，所选选项是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次确定答案。二、五选五解题技巧在五选五题型中，设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾和段中。正确选项与空格前后句子关系紧密，主要依赖句子之间的逻辑关系进行选择。接下来将从并列逻辑、转折逻辑、指代逻辑、因果逻辑和总分逻辑五方面进行说明。题型题型一：并列逻辑解题技巧如果空格所在段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。典题精析例题：Make good word choices. When were not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and dont take the time to decide if theyre proper. 2.解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第二段的段末，是用来对第二段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知E选项中的关键词good word choices与小标题一致，故选E，意为“好的词汇选择对好的作品是重要的”。答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.”题型题型二：转折逻辑解题技巧1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含转折含义的选项；2. 选项含转折逻辑，另一种常见的考查方式是空格后对该选项进行详细阐述、说明和例证。典题精析例题：5. But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后转折连词but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意为“但是有了简单的几步，我们能够提高我们的写作技巧。”，所以空格处应与其意思相反，故选D，意为“成为一个更好的作家不容易”。答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.”题型题型三：指代逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项中含有代词，则判断哪个空格前的句中所含有的名词代入后使上下文连贯；2. 如果空格后句中有代词，则判断哪个选项所含名词代入后上下文连贯。典题精析例题：Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben._3_.解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place.“伦敦马拉松在每年四月举行”，可知本段讲述的重点为伦敦马拉松，浏览选项可知B项People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推断出正确答案。答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.”题型题型四：因果逻辑解题技巧如果选项含有因果逻辑词，则判断哪个空格前后句与之符合因果逻辑关系；典题精析例题：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。根据空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很严重”，这是事件的原因，那么空格处应该填的是事件的结果，浏览选项可知应填C，意为“他们住在相同的病房里”，即可推断出正确答案。答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”.题型题型五：总分逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项的表达类似于“There are mainly three types of ”则该选项一般位于文章较前面的位置，用于引出后文对这几种类型的详细阐述；2. 如果空格位于某段段首，则一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。典题精析例题：Many of us dont spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1.解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。浏览全文可以发现本文是一篇“总-分”类型的文章，主要介绍的是一些关于写作的小窍门，而第二段起的一些黑体字则是tips的具体内容，所以第一段空格处应填的是一句总述句，故选B，意为“下面的小窍门可能会有帮助”。答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.”语篇精讲浏览选项（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号选项AIts not because marathons have got easierBPeople come from all over the world to run in itCSadly,running is often quite unpopular at schoolDNow, lots of people go out running in their spare timeEPeople find it so exciting that they want to try it themselves通读文章话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级社会现象类记叙文2255-7分钟_/5Running is free, its easy and now its becoming cool as well. Many people do not have enough time to play a team sport, so instead they have started going running. In the past, running in the street was seen as a bit silly. But things are changing._1_.Some people go to lose weight while others go simply to keep fit. Even at 6 oclock in the morning you sometimes see runners in the streets. Scientists say that running is a very good way to keep fit._2_.In some schools when it rains and its too wet to play football or hockey, children have to do cross country running instead. Now as running has become more popular, hopefully more young people will take it up.Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben._3_.Interestingly, marathon running used to be seen as a hard sport, but now even people who are very unfit take part in marathons every year!_4_; its because people have become more interested in running.After the marathon every year the streets suddenly become full of runners._5_.All you need is a pair of trainers and will power, so what are you waiting for?A. Its not because marathons have got easierB. People come from all over the world to run in itC. Sadly, running is often quite unpopular at schoolD. Now, lots of people go out running in their spare timeE. People find it so exciting that they want to try it themselves逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇社会现象类的记叙文，主要描述了跑步这项运动的发展现状，由被很少人接受到受到大家的喜爱。1. 解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。空格前有一句话But things are changing.意为“但是事情正在改变”，所以空格前后的句意应该相反。空格前In the past, running in the street was seen as a bit silly.意为“在过去，在街上跑步有点愚蠢。”，所以空格后句意应该与它相反，浏览选项可知选D，意为“现在，很多人在他们的空闲时间出去跑步”。答案：D2. 解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。空格位于第二段段首，是第二段的主旨句，浏览第二段，根据段意及段中关键词In some schools可知这一段讲述的是跑步在学校的情况，浏览选项可知选C，意为“令人遗憾地，跑步在学校经常是很不受欢迎的”。答案：C3. 解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place.“伦敦马拉松在每年四月举行”，可知本段讲述的重点为伦敦马拉松，浏览选项可知B项People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推断出正确答案。答案：B4. 解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后句子its because people have become more interested in running.“因为人们对跑步变得更感兴趣了”和选项做对比可知选A，意为“不是因为马拉松变得更简单了”。答案：A5. 解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格前句子After the marathon every year the streets suddenly become full of runners“每年马拉松后街上都充满了跑步者”，可知本段的主题是马拉松，故应选E，意为“人们发现马拉松如此的令人兴奋以至于他们想亲自尝试”，这里it指代的是marathon。答案：E精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的五选五的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）并列逻辑转折逻辑1、4指代逻辑3、5因果逻辑总分逻辑2能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义as wellinsteadadv.adj.愚蠢的lose weightkeep fitadj.流行的adv.有希望地take placesuddenlyadv. n. 运动鞋二、句子英汉互译1. 这个箱子太重，这男孩提不起。_.2. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。_.3. In some schools when it rains and its too wet to play football or hockey, children have to do cross country running instead._.4. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben._.5. The print is too small for me to read without glasses. _.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级健康保健类记叙文1785-7分钟_/5Doctors in Germany have warned people that headbanging could be bad for your health. 1 . Dancers shake their heads from back to front, and from side to side, very quickly. Doctors say this could injure（伤害）the brain. 2 . The man had no history of head injuries but had been headbanging for many years. He began to have bad headaches after going to a heavy metal concert. 3 . They gave him a brain scan（扫描）and found bleeding in his brain. He needed an operation to repair it. Doctors made a hole in his brain to take out some blood. 4 .Doctors say the risk of injury to the brain from headbanging is low and heavy metal fans do not need to stop doing the dance completely. The head doctor AriyanPirayesh said: “We are not against headbanging. Rock n roll will never die. 5 . We just think if our patient had gone to a classical（古典的）concert, this would not have happened.” A. Heavy metal fans should rock onB. Two months later, his headaches disappearedC. Doctors thought that might lead to his headachesD. They recently treated a 50-year-old heavy metal fanE. Headbanging is a dance that fans of heavy metal music like参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义as well也，还有insteadadv.反而，代替sillyadj.愚蠢的lose weight减肥keep fit保持健康popularadj.流行的hopefullyadv.有希望地take place发生，举行suddenlyadv. 意外地，忽然地trainern. 运动鞋二、句子英汉互译。1. The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. 2. The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 3.在一些学校，当下雨时会太湿以至于不能踢足球或玩曲棍球，孩子们不得不用越野跑来代替。4. 这个比赛覆盖了一条极好的路线，在这条路线上赛跑者经过许多著名的地方，像伦敦眼和大本钟。5. 印刷字体太小，我不戴眼镜就看不清。阅读练习1. E 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A第2讲（下）东城一模阅读表达教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读表达中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读表达的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读表达中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读表达高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读表达解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读表达习题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读表达高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差minimalistn.极简抽象派艺术家minimalism n. 极简派艺术messyadj.凌乱的，散乱的encouragedadj.被激励的，受到鼓舞的v. encourage鼓励collectv.收集charityn.慈善actuallyadv.实际上，事实上organizedadj.有组织的v. organize组织advertisementn.广告v. advertise为做广告mindfuladj.留心的continuev.继续，延续长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. I started clearing out a lot of the things which I didntuse.（优*良*差*）_句意：我开始清理许多我不用的东西。本句中包含了一个由which引导的定语从句。2. AlthoughI know thatI would never need thesethings again, I still foundit very difficultto get rid of them.（优*良*差*）_句意：虽然我知道我不会再需要这些东西，但我仍然发现很难摆脱他们。本句中包含了一个由although引导的让步状语从句。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读表达解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读表达的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读表达的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读表达解题步骤第一步认真审题，读懂题意做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务是什么，再带着任务去阅读材料，这样就能做到心中有数，有针对性的去读，并能提高阅读效率。第二步快速浏览，掌握大意明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容，以及文章的感情基调，作者的意图、态度倾向。第三步细读题目，完成任务泛读全文之后，就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的对应，“跳读”的目的就是为细节寻找答案。第四步复读文章，核实任务完成所有任务后，还应结合题目再把全文通读一遍，认真核实答案，要注意句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓一致等。二、阅读表达解题技巧在阅读表达题型中，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成一项任务或解决一个问题，主要考察学生捕捉信息的能力，综合概括信息的能力和组织信息的能力。接下来将从细节题，是非题，主旨题和活用题四种题型的解题技巧进行讲解。题型题型一：细节题解题技巧细节题一般对人，事，地点，时间，原因及方式等进行提问，首先要审清题目要求，然后找出题目在文中出现的对应段落，直接作答或用自己的话进行转述。设题方式1. What is the writers question in Letter A?2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people?4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents jobs different from childrens jobs according to Letter A. 典题精析On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.问题：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“这个玻璃瓶在海里移动了多长时间？”，根据关键词“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可将答案锁定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 题型题型二：是非题解题技巧提问形式为一般疑问句，首先锁定范围，在范围内划出依据，然后使用Yes / No作答。设题方式1. Do parents have homework according to letter B?2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage?3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000?4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club?典题精析Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didnt break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didnt want to damage it.问题：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx?解析：本题为是非题。题干意为“Marianne Winkler是在xx年发现这个瓶子的吗？”，根据第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。答案：Yes.题型题型三：主旨题解题技巧抓住文章结构，先总后分，先分后总还是总分总，确定总写在篇首还是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述几种情况，则综合全文或段落，用自己的话进行概括。中考阅读表达中的主旨大意题一般由两点或三点构成，常用的句型有：1. 介绍某个物体，新兴事物或抽象概念时：Whatis.2. 介绍某个人物时：Whois.3. 介绍做某事的方法时：How to do / How4. 介绍某事物的优/缺点时：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of 例1. What is the passage mainly about?解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage?解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about?解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book.设题方式1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage?3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?4. What do you learn from this story?5. What is the purpose of this passage?典题精析Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.问题：What is the main idea of paragraph 4?解析：本题为段落主旨题。题干意为“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根据第四段段首句可知“澳大利亚允许更多的火自然燃烧”，而后面的内容解释的是这样做的原因是保持森林健康，综合这两点并运用in order to短语即可得出正确答案，应填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.题型题型四：活用题解题技巧主观性最强，需要准确把握主旨，围绕文章的中心观点列出要点，扩点成句，进行润色，但要注意不能不着边际，离题万里。设题方式1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why?2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?典题精析I think its only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but its good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when _.问题：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?解析：本题为活用题。题干意为“在letter B结尾的空白处能够填什么？”，这类题的答案比较灵活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要说的是孩子们在家里做一些家务能够帮助她们学会照顾自己，当_, 这一点是有用的。那么一定是孩子离开家，独自生活的时候，答案与此主题一致即可。答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own 语篇精讲浏览问题（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号选项1What doesminimalism suggest?2How did the writer get rid of some of her CDs and books?3How did the writer feel after getting lots of things out of her room?4Why is it hardto be a minimalist?5What are the advantages of being aminimalist?通读寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类记叙文3416-8分钟_/5Becoming a MinimalistI have too many things. My bedroom is often very messy. I have shelves with dirty books I never read and CDs Idont listen to. My drawers are filled with clothes I never wear. I was getting upset that I never had any space in my bedroom. Then I read about minimalism. Minimalism suggests that you only keep the most necessary and important thingsand get rid of(处理掉)everything else.After reading about minimalism Ifelt encouraged to solve my problem.I started clearing out a lot of the things which I didnt use. I collected bags of clothes to give to charity. I sold some of my CDs and books online. AlthoughI know thatI would never need thesethings again, I still foundit very difficultto get rid of them. My brain tried to stop me from letting them go. I said to myself “I might need them in the future!?” or “wont I besad if I lose that?” But the things was, I knew Icouldnt keep everything.After getting lots of thing out of my room, I actually became quite excited to see the tidy room with some fresh space.And an organized bedroom also makes me have a clear and organized mind! The main idea behind minimalism is to cut down what you own, and by doing this you can really valuethethings you have.Its not easy to be a minimalist. We are often told that it is betterto have more things. Advertisements try to make us believethat we will only be happy by spending more money to buy more things. Of courseIm not a perfect minimalistIve only just started. I still own a lot of things which I dont really need, butI think thiswas a good start. In the future, I will be more mindful of what I buy. And I will continue to make an effort to get rid of what I dont need.1. What does minimalism suggest?_.2. How did the writer get rid of some of her CDs and books?_.3. How did the writer feel after getting lots of things out of her room?_.4. Why is it hardto be a minimalist?_.5. What are the advantages of being aminimalist?_.逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的记叙文，主要介绍了极简抽象派艺术家这一概念并阐述了自己是如何克服困难成为一名极简主义者的。1. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“极简主义者建议什么？”，根据题干将答案锁定到第一段的关键句Minimalism suggests that you only keep the most necessary and important thingsand get rid of(处理掉)everything else，即可推断出答案，这里要记得把minimalism换成it，更符合英语语言习惯。答案：It suggests that you only keep the most necessary and important thingsand get rid ofeverything else.2. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“作者是怎样处理掉他的一些CD和书的？”，根据题干锁定第二段关键句I sold some of my CDs and books online.，即可推断出正确答案，这里要记住两点，第一点是人称的变化，I要变成she；第二点是用代词them来替代问题中提到的some of my CDs and books。答案：She sold them online. 3. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“在把许多东西从房间中拿出去后作者的感觉是怎样的？”，根据题干锁定文中关键句After getting lots of thing out of my room, I actually became quite excited to see the tidy room with some fresh space，根据本句可以判定当时作者的感觉应该是excited，但要注意答案的简洁性，直接答She felt excited就可以。答案：She felt excited. 4. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“为什么很难成为一个极简主义者？”，根据题干锁定文章关键句Its not easy to be a minimalist. We are often told that it is betterto have more things，即可推断出答案，这里要注意why问because答这一问答技巧。答案：because we are often told that it is better to have more things.5. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“成为极简主义者的优点是什么？”，浏览文章，可将答案锁定在文章最后一段中，本题优点不止一条，要细心查找。根据I actually became quite excited to see the tidy room with some fresh space.可知极简主义可以使房间多出一些空间，看起来更整洁，总结出it helps us to keep our room tid
展开阅读全文