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专题十九 任务型阅读第3讲（上）西城一模五选五教学目标1. 掌握本篇五选五中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握五选五的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇五选五中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过五选五高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及五选五解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种五选五习题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于五选五高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差such as例如chatv.聊天storev. 存储n. 商店introducev. 介绍simpleadj. 简单的upstairsadv.在楼上，往楼上opp. downstairs discoveryn. 发现v. discoverimaginev. 想象digv.挖掘nearbyadj.在附近的长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. We also chatted to our friends about what we had seen on TV last night. （优*良*差*）_句意：我们也和我们的朋友聊昨天晚上我们在电视上看到的东西。本句中包含着由what引导的宾语从句作about的宾语。2. When we arrived at the Mining Museum, we were taken to a room where we stored our bags.（优*良*差*）_句意：当我们到达了矿业博物馆，我们被带去了一个存包的房间。本句是由when引导的时间状语从句，在主句中又包含着一个由where引导的定语从句，修饰room。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于五选五解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解五选五的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了五选五的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、五选五解题步骤第一步读选项，画关键词，暗排序通读选项，了解每个选项的意思，做到心中有数，至少能知道可供选择的意思范围，以便在短时间内找出正确答案。第二步读文章，抓过渡词，找逻辑通读文章，关注段中各句子之间的逻辑关系，抓住表示并列、转折、因果关系及其他关系的过渡词，为下一步解题做准备。第三步先易后难来解题先填较容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或与选项有明显逻辑关系的句子；再填较难的空，这时选择范围会变小，可以反复对比分析，进行选择。第四步回读文章定答案全部题目做完后，把所选择的选项代入原文，检查文章前后是否连贯，所选选项是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次确定答案。二、五选五解题技巧在五选五题型中，设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾和段中。正确选项与空格前后句子关系紧密，主要依赖句子之间的逻辑关系进行选择。接下来将从并列逻辑、转折逻辑、指代逻辑、因果逻辑和总分逻辑五方面进行说明。题型题型一：并列逻辑解题技巧如果空格所在段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。典题精析例题：Make good word choices. When were not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and dont take the time to decide if theyre proper. 2 .解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第二段的段末，是用来对第二段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知E选项中的关键词good word choices与小标题一致，故选E，意为“好的词汇选择对好的作品是重要的”。答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.”题型题型二：转折逻辑解题技巧1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含转折含义的选项；2. 选项含转折逻辑，另一种常见的考查方式是空格后对该选项进行详细阐述、说明和例证。典题精析例题：5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后转折连词but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意为“但是有了简单的几步，我们能够提高我们的写作技巧。”，所以空格处应与其意思相反，故选D，意为“成为一个更好的作家不容易”。答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.”题型题型三：指代逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项中含有代词，则判断哪个空格前的句中所含有的名词代入后使上下文连贯；2. 如果空格后句中有代词，则判断哪个选项所含名词代入后上下文连贯。典题精析例题：Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben._3_.解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place.“伦敦马拉松在每年四月举行”，可知本段讲述的重点为伦敦马拉松，浏览选项可知B项People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推断出正确答案。答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.”题型题型四：因果逻辑解题技巧如果选项含有因果逻辑词，则判断哪个空格前后句与之符合因果逻辑关系；典题精析例题：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。根据空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很严重”，这是事件的原因，那么空格处应该填的是事件的结果，浏览选项可知应填C，意为“他们住在相同的病房里”，即可推断出正确答案。答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”.题型题型五：总分逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项的表达类似于“There are mainly three types of ”则该选项一般位于文章较前面的位置，用于引出后文对这几种类型的详细阐述；2. 如果空格位于某段段首，则一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。典题精析例题：Many of us dont spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 .解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。浏览全文可以发现本文是一篇“总-分”类型的文章，主要介绍的是一些关于写作的小窍门，而第二段起的一些黑体字则是tips的具体内容，所以第一段空格处应填的是一句总述句，故选B，意为“下面的小窍门可能会有帮助”。答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.”语篇精讲浏览选项（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号选项AI had two ham sandwichesBFinally, it was time to return to schoolCThe trip into the city was interestingDHe then showed us how to pan for goldEThere were also some interesting gold computer games to play通读文章话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类记叙文2505-7分钟_/5Our trip to the Mining MuseumOn Tuesday 4th April, we took a bus to travel to the Mining(矿业) Museum because we had been learning about the Gold Rushes. 1 .We went past some famous places such as Sydney Harbor and the Opera House along the way. We also chatted to our friends about what we had seen on TV last night. When we arrived at the Mining Museum, we were taken to a room where we stored our bags. Our guide, Alison, then introduced us to a man named Bruce Binkley who is a miner. Mr. Binkley talked to us about how people used to look for gold.2 . It seemed simple. You get a pan, fill it with dirt and water and then swirl(旋动) it around until the big stones are washed out along with other things. Gold, being heavier, is left at the bottom. Next, we walked upstairs to look at pictures, information and samples(样品) of gold. We filled in a worksheet about the early discoveries of gold in Australia. 3 .That part was really exciting because you had to imagine that you were a miner digging for gold.Lunch was spent in a nearby park.4 . They were yummy! We also played hide-and-seek while we were there. 5 .We boarded the bus and felt very tired. Some children even slept on the bus!It was an enjoyable trip to the Mining Museum. A. I had two ham sandwichesB. Finally, it was time to return to schoolC. The trip into the city was interestingD. He then showed us how to pan for goldE. There were also some interesting gold computer games to play逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的记叙文，主要讲述的是作者去参观矿业博物馆这件事情并详细描述了整个参观过程。1. 解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。空格位于第二段的段首，为第二段的主旨句。浏览第二段可知本段主要讲述的是去矿业博物馆的路上发生的事，浏览选项可知应该选C，意为“去城市里的旅行是有趣的”。答案：C2. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句子Mr. Binkley talked to us about how people used to look for gold.意为“Mr. Binkley和我们谈论关于人们过去是怎样寻找黄金的？”，所以空格后应该是关于人们淘金的方式，浏览选项可知应选D，意为“他接着展示给我们怎样淘金”。答案：D3. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。本空位于第五段的段中部分，浏览第五段可知本段讲述的是参观过程中的一些环节，而空格应是环节中的一部分，浏览选项可知应该选E，意为“这里也可以玩一些有趣的关于黄金的电脑游戏”。答案：E4. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。根据空格前句子Lunch was spent in a nearby park.意为“午饭是在附近的公园吃的”，所以空格后应该与吃午饭这件事情相关，浏览选项可知应该选A，意为“我吃了两个火腿三明治”。答案：A5. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。根据空格后句子“We boarded the bus and felt very tired.”意为“我们上了公交车，感觉非常累”可知旅行结束了，浏览选项可知应该选B，意为“最后，到了返校的时间了。”答案：B精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的五选五的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）并列逻辑2、3、4、5转折逻辑指代逻辑因果逻辑总分逻辑1能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义such asv.聊天v. 存储introducev. simpleadj. adv.在楼上，往楼上discoveryn. v. 想象v.挖掘nearbyadj.二、句子英汉互译1. 他买了许多水果，如苹果，桃子等等。_.2. 当汤姆二十岁时，他成为老师。_.3. We also chatted to our friends about what we had seen on TV last night._.4. When we arrived at the Mining Museum, we were taken to a room where we stored our bags._.5. Avoid unhealthy foods such as hamburger and chips. _.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级人物传记/故事类记叙文2085-7分钟_/5Following Their DreamsFlorence lived in the countryside of Kenya (肯尼亚）in Africa. When she was 12, she wanted nothing more than to finish school. But for many girls like her, school is not a choice._1_. Families will probably spend money educating boys. Many girls are forced to marry._2_. It was Beads for Education, started by Lisa Stevens, that helped realize her dream. Beads has provided many girls with the best education possible. Florence was the first of 320 Kenyan girls in third grade._3_. During her visit, she heard that many women made and sold baskets. They used the money to send their daughters to school. Two years later, she started to help sell the Kenyan crafts in the U. S. In 1998, Stevens began helping girls continue their education._4_. In January, xx, she opened the fourth one. I want to provide the girls with the best education possible and prepare them for college and beyond, Stevens said.The new high school is named Tembea, which means to walk. Florence is walking toward a bright future. _5_. Florence is the first in her family to finish high school and college, says Stevens. She is an example for all girls in Kenya.A.School costs moneyB.In 1991 Stevens first visited KenyaC.After that, she helped build three schoolsD.She left college in xx and is now a teacherE.But Florence was able to continue her schoolingA.School costs moneyB.In 1991 Stevens first visited KenyaC.After that, she helped build three schoolsD.She left college in xx and is now a teacherA. School costs moneyB. In 1991 Stevens first visited KenyaC. After that, she helped build three schoolsD. She left college in xx and is now a teacherE. But Florence was able to continue her schooling 参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义such as例如chatv.聊天storev. 存储introducev. 介绍simpleadj. 简单的upstairsadv.在楼上，往楼上discoveryn. 发现imaginev. 想象digv.挖掘nearbyadj.在附近的二、句子英汉互译。1. He bought a lot of fruit such as apples and peaches. 2. Tom became a teacher when he was twenty years old. 3. 我们也和我们的朋友聊昨天晚上我们在电视上看到的东西。4. 当我们到达了矿业博物馆，我们被带去了一个存包的房间。5. 不要吃不健康食品，如汉堡和薯条。阅读练习1. A 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. D第3讲（下）西城一模阅读表达教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读表达中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读表达的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读表达中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读表达高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读表达解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读表达习题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读表达高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差crazyadj.疯狂的producev.创作，生产interviewn.采访，面谈stressn.压力come up with提出confidencen.自信adj. confident 自信的practicev. 练习drop out退学，退出prepare for为准备opportunityn.时机，机会长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. After school, Jones would play me the most recent mix of songs in the studio and ask what I thought.（优*良*差*）_句意：放学后，Jones会在工作室里给我演奏最近的组合歌曲并询问我的看法。本句中包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句作ask的宾语。2. With the goal of being a cool DJ, Ronson dropped out of New York University and played in clubs in downtown New York, where popular artists often visited.（优*良*差*）_句意：带着成为一个一流的DJ的目标，Ronson从纽约大学退学了，在纽约市中心的俱乐部里演奏，那里是流行艺术家们经常去的地方。本句中包含了一个由where引导的定语从句。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读表达解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读表达的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读表达的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读表达解题步骤第一步认真审题，读懂题意做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务是什么，再带着任务去阅读材料，这样就能做到心中有数，有针对性的去读，并能提高阅读效率。第二步快速浏览，掌握大意明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容，以及文章的感情基调，作者的意图、态度倾向。第三步细读题目，完成任务泛读全文之后，就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的对应，“跳读”的目的就是为细节寻找答案。第四步复读文章，核实任务完成所有任务后，还应结合题目再把全文通读一遍，认真核实答案，要注意句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓一致等。二、阅读表达解题技巧在阅读表达题型中，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成一项任务或解决一个问题，主要考察学生捕捉信息的能力，综合概括信息的能力和组织信息的能力。接下来将从细节题，是非题，主旨题和活用题四种题型的解题技巧进行讲解。题型题型一：细节题解题技巧细节题一般对人，事，地点，时间，原因及方式等进行提问，首先要审清题目要求，然后找出题目在文中出现的对应段落，直接作答或用自己的话进行转述。设题方式1. What is the writers question in Letter A?2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people?4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents jobs different from childrens jobs according to Letter A. 典题精析On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.问题：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“这个玻璃瓶在海里移动了多长时间？”，根据关键词“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可将答案锁定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 题型题型二：是非题解题技巧提问形式为一般疑问句，首先锁定范围，在范围内划出依据，然后使用Yes / No作答。设题方式1. Do parents have homework according to letter B?2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage?3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000?4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club?典题精析Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didnt break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didnt want to damage it. 问题：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx?解析：本题为是非题。题干意为“Marianne Winkler是在xx年发现这个瓶子的吗？”，根据第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。答案：Yes.题型题型三：主旨题解题技巧抓住文章结构，先总后分，先分后总还是总分总，确定总写在篇首还是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述几种情况，则综合全文或段落，用自己的话进行概括。中考阅读表达中的主旨大意题一般由两点或三点构成，常用的句型有：1. 介绍某个物体，新兴事物或抽象概念时：Whatis.2. 介绍某个人物时：Whois.3. 介绍做某事的方法时：How to do / How 4. 介绍某事物的优/缺点时：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of 例1. What is the passage mainly about?解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage?解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about?解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book.设题方式1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage?3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?4. What do you learn from this story?5. What is the purpose of this passage?典题精析Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.问题：What is the main idea of paragraph 4?解析：本题为段落主旨题。题干意为“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根据第四段段首句可知“澳大利亚允许更多的火自然燃烧”，而后面的内容解释的是这样做的原因是保持森林健康，综合这两点并运用in order to短语即可得出正确答案，应填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.题型题型四：活用题解题技巧主观性最强，需要准确把握主旨，围绕文章的中心观点列出要点，扩点成句，进行润色，但要注意不能不着边际，离题万里。设题方式1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why?2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?典题精析I think its only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but its good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when _.（北京朝阳期末）问题：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?解析：本题为活用题。题干意为“在letter B结尾的空白处能够填什么？”，这类题的答案比较灵活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要说的是孩子们在家里做一些家务能够帮助她们学会照顾自己，当_, 这一点是有用的。那么一定是孩子离开家，独自生活的时候，答案与此主题一致即可。答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own 语篇精讲浏览问题（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号选项1Is Mark Ronson a pop star now?2What did he win on Feb 15, xx?3How did he teach himself to be a DJ?4Where did he play after dropping out of university?5What made him successful?通读寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级人物传记类记叙文4136-8分钟_/5Its been a long journey. From DJ to producer to singer, Mark Ronson is now a pop star in his own right.On Feb 15, his hit song Uptown Funk won Record of the Year, one of the most important prizes, at the xx Grammy Awards. While the world has gone crazy for the song, Ronson, 40, went through six difficult months to produce it. In fact, the UK musician made 17 versions(版本) of Uptown Funk. In an interview with the Daily Mail, Ronson told the UK newspaper that he worked so hard that his hair started to fall out. At one point, the stress of trying to come up with a suitable guitar part even caused him to faint(晕倒) in a restaurant. The difficulties didnt stop there.Ronson also didnt have enough confidence in his singing, as he had been a producer for a long time. “I work with great singers, ” he told the New York Post，“so Ive always heard what really good voices sound like.”Still, things worked out great in the end. His family plays all important part in his success. His stepfather guitarist Mick Jones was one of the first members of the rock band Foreigner and sometimes Jones would share ideas with Ronson. “After school, Jones would play me the most recent mix of songs in the studio and ask what I thought, and I would tell him in my little English schoolboy voice, I remember the bass(贝司) was turned up a little more on the mix from last week”, Ronson told The Guardian, “I was kind of meant to live in the studio.”All these influences led to his success.Ronson taught himself how to DJ when he was 16. “I practiced by copying my favorite DJs on the radio. ” he told US radio station NPR. “I would listen to them and try and copy in my best way what they were doing. ”With the goal of being a cool DJ, Ronson dropped out of New York University and played in clubs in downtown New York, where popular artists often visited. “If you do a good job, theres the chance they might remember who you are, ” he told NPR. And doing a good job is how Ronson got into show business. “Never underestimate(低估) Ronson, ” UK DJ Zane Lowe told Esquire magazine, “he is fully prepared for opportunities. ”1. Is Mark Ronson a pop star now?_.2. What did he win on Feb 15, xx?_.3. How did he teach himself to be a DJ?_.4. Where did he play after dropping out of university?_.5. What made him successful?_.逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇人物传记类的记叙文，主要讲述了Mark Ronson是如何克服困难，成为一名受到大家欢迎的流行音乐歌手的。1. 解析：是非题。题干意为“Mark Ronson现在是一名流行明星吗？”，根据题干可将答案锁定在文章第一段中，根据第一段关键句“From DJ to producer to singer, Mark Ronson is now a pop star in his own right.”可判定题干是正确的，故答案为“Yes”。答案：Yes.2. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“他在xx年2月15日赢得了什么？”，根据题干可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，浏览第二段，根据段中关键句his hit song Uptown Funk won Record of the Year, one of the most important prizes, at the xx Grammy Awards.可知他的畅销歌曲Uptown Funk赢得了xx年格莱美奖的年度最佳唱片奖，故可推断出正确答案。答案：Record of the Year at the xx Grammy Awards.3. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“他是怎样自学成为一名DJ的？”，根据题干可将答案锁定在文章第九段中，根据第九段关键句Ronson taught himself how to DJ when he was 16. “I practiced by copying my favorite DJs on the radio. ” he told US radio station NPR.可知他是通过广播模仿最喜爱的DJ来进行练习的，故可推断出正确答案，但要注意人称的变化，I变he，my变his。答案：He practiced by copying his favorite D
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