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长难句分析,ImLilyAllen.,ImLilyAlleninBLCU.,除了“主干成分”,还有“修饰成分”,(只有“主干成分”,没有“修饰成分”),Themainfactorsthatmakesentenceshardtounderstand:,1.含有较多成分的简单句(同位语、介词短语、非谓语动词、定语、状语、插入语)2.含有多个简单句的并列句3.并列句和主从复合句并存4.倒装句。,2,、含有多个简单句的并列句。,Howtomakegoodanalysisofsentencestructures(fivesteps),1.隔离插入成分,寻找特殊标点,2.寻找连词,确定句子种类(简单句、并列句、复合句),3.寻找句中的动词或者动词结构,4.确定整个句子框架标出主句主干部分及从属连词,5.确定从句框架标出从句主干部分,SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,tohelpreduceunemploymentpressures.,介词短语,定语,时间状语,过去分词做定语,不定式做状语,Schoolareexpectedtohirecollegegraduates.,1.带有较多成分的简单句,不定式做状语,时间状语,介词短语,同位语,句子主干:,/,/,如:Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomensmagazines,thetoothpastemarketer,forinstance,mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomensmagazinestobeused.例如,决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后,牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台,以及那些具体的妇女杂志。在这个有30多个词的简单句中,动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语,不定式tobeused修饰的不仅是womensmagazine,而且还修饰televisionprogramsandstations。exacttelevision同时修饰programs和stations两个词,这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语forinstance把主语和谓语分隔开了。,2.含有多个简单句的并列句Inthe1970shewasasurgeon(外科医生)atYale,hadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren,buthewasterriblyunhappy.在第二个并列句中,即在had前面省略了_.,and,he,/,/,_,_,在20世纪70年代,他在耶鲁当一名外科医生,有一个出色的妻子和五个可爱的孩子,但他过得并不开心。,Discrimination(歧视)isnttheironlyconcern;almosteveryonetestingpositivefortheHuntingtonsgene(基因)developssymptoms(症状)duringmiddleage,anddoctorscandonothingtohelp.担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑,几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来,而医生对此却无能为力。三个分句均为简单句,分别用分号和and连接。,3.并列和主从复合句并存Icantliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearthspopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewable(不能再生的)resources,ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.,在possibility后由that引导的_从句中还含有一并列结构的_.,同位语从句,我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中:随着地球上人口的不断增长,我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源,我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。,时间状语从句,/,_,4.倒装句Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplebelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.,1066年以前,在我们现在称为英国的土地上,住着属于两个主要语种的民族。,Before1996,peoplebelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroupslivedinthelandweallcallGreatBritain.,5.含有多个插入成分的句子Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocently(无知地)enoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational,asoftwarecompany,hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.他在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。作为国际计算机联合公司这家软件公司的董事长,他当时还是第一次听说他的雇员们是多么快地就接受了他们公司的新的电子邮件系统。aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational是he的同位语,asoftwarecompany是ComputerAssociatesInternational的同位语,他们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。,Theoldworkerinsistedthathewasntoldandthathebesentbacktotheworkingpostagain.在insist后面引导了两个并列的_从句,第一个_从句中使用的是_语气,第二个_从句中使用的是_语气,宾语,陈述,虚拟,_,_,宾语,宾语,CarsharingisusuallyrunbyaservicelikeZipcar,thoughtherearenonprofit(非营利的)andinformalcarsharingservices.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_.A.Zipcarcanthelpyouifyouarerunningurgenterrands(使命)B.Zipcar,differentfromotherservices,isaimedatgreendrivingwithnoprofitC.ZipcarisacompanysupplyingcarsharingservicesforamonthlypaymentD.Zipcarisacompanyprovidingformalcarsharingfree,翻译题:MalaysiaAirlinesdeeplyregretsthatwehavetoassumebeyondanyreasonabledoubtthatMH370hasbeenlostandthatnoneofthoseonboardsurvived.,马来西亚航空公司深表遗憾的是,我们必须假设,可以排除合理的怀疑,认为MH730已经遗失,飞机上无人生还。,Infact,theanalysisshowed,normalchildrenaged9to17exhibitahigherlevelofanxietytodaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedformentalillness50yearsagoQuestion:Accordingtotheanalysis,comparedwithnormalchildrentoday,childrentreatedasmentallyill50yearsago_AhadlittlecommunicationwithfriendsBwereprobablylessself-centeredCprobablysufferedlessfromanxietyDwereconsideredlessindividualistic,
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