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专题十九 任务型阅读第5讲（上）朝阳一模五选五教学目标1. 掌握本篇五选五中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握五选五的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇五选五中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过五选五高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及五选五解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种五选五习题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于五选五高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差forgetv. 忘记opp. rememberin a hurry匆忙，立刻possibleadj.可能的opp. impossibledress up打扮terribleadj. 可怕的fall asleep睡着，入睡asas possible尽可能appearv. 出现hardlyadv. 几乎不fantasticadj. 极好的长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up.（优*良*差*）_句意：事实上，她真的不知道怎样打扮。本句中包含着一个由how引导的宾语从句做know的宾语。2. At that time, I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella (灰姑娘）.（优*良*差*）_句意：在那时，我意识到每个女孩都有一双像灰姑娘的水晶鞋一样的特殊的鞋子。本句中包含着一个由that引导的宾语从句，作realize的宾语，同时在宾语从句中又包含着一个由which引导的定语从句修饰shoes，这种复合句的翻译需要注意。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于五选五解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解五选五的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了五选五的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、五选五解题步骤第一步读选项，画关键词，暗排序通读选项，了解每个选项的意思，做到心中有数，至少能知道可供选择的意思范围，以便在短时间内找出正确答案。第二步读文章，抓过渡词，找逻辑通读文章，关注段中各句子之间的逻辑关系，抓住表示并列、转折、因果关系及其他关系的过渡词，为下一步解题做准备。第三步先易后难来解题先填较容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或与选项有明显逻辑关系的句子；再填较难的空，这时选择范围会变小，可以反复对比分析，进行选择。第四步回读文章定答案全部题目做完后，把所选择的选项代入原文，检查文章前后是否连贯，所选选项是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次确定答案。二、五选五解题技巧在五选五题型中，设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾和段中。正确选项与空格前后句子关系紧密，主要依赖句子之间的逻辑关系进行选择。接下来将从并列逻辑、转折逻辑、指代逻辑、因果逻辑和总分逻辑五方面进行说明。题型题型一：并列逻辑解题技巧如果空格所在段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。典题精析例题：Make good word choices. When were not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and dont take the time to decide if theyre proper. 2 .解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第二段的段末，是用来对第二段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知E选项中的关键词good word choices与小标题一致，故选E，意为“好的词汇选择对好的作品是重要的”。答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.”题型题型二：转折逻辑解题技巧1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含转折含义的选项；2. 选项含转折逻辑，另一种常见的考查方式是空格后对该选项进行详细阐述、说明和例证。典题精析例题：5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后转折连词but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意为“但是有了简单的几步，我们能够提高我们的写作技巧。”，所以空格处应与其意思相反，故选D，意为“成为一个更好的作家不容易”。答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.”题型题型三：指代逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项中含有代词，则判断哪个空格前的句中所含有的名词代入后使上下文连贯；2. 如果空格后句中有代词，则判断哪个选项所含名词代入后上下文连贯。典题精析例题：Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben._3_.解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place.“伦敦马拉松在每年四月举行”，可知本段讲述的重点为伦敦马拉松，浏览选项可知B项People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推断出正确答案。答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.”题型题型四：因果逻辑解题技巧如果选项含有因果逻辑词，则判断哪个空格前后句与之符合因果逻辑关系；典题精析例题：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。根据空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很严重”，这是事件的原因，那么空格处应该填的是事件的结果，浏览选项可知应填C，意为“他们住在相同的病房里”，即可推断出正确答案。答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”.题型题型五：总分逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项的表达类似于“There are mainly three types of ”则该选项一般位于文章较前面的位置，用于引出后文对这几种类型的详细阐述；2. 如果空格位于某段段首，则一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。典题精析例题：Many of us dont spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 .解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。浏览全文可以发现本文是一篇“总-分”类型的文章，主要介绍的是一些关于写作的小窍门，而第二段起的一些黑体字则是tips的具体内容，所以第一段空格处应填的是一句总述句，故选B，意为“下面的小窍门可能会有帮助”。答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.”语篇精讲浏览选项（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号选项AHere is the ticketBShe danced with a sweet smileCAfter all the performance endedDI arrived at the hall with the ticketEBut Kathy was not such kind of girl通读文章话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类记叙文2535-7分钟_/5Crystal (水晶）Shoes“Hi, Jerry!” Kathy ran towards me with a bright smile, saying, “Im going to have a dance performance (表演）tonight. I hope youll come._1_ , and dont forget!” Then she left in a hurry.“What? Dance? Is that possible?” I asked myself. _2_ She was a quite common girl. I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up. What a terrible thing!“I should go. I must go!” I thought._3_, found my seat and sat down. Her performance was the seventh one. I knew I would have a hard time before her turn, for I had no sense of art. Time went slowly, I tried my best not to fall asleep.Just then, came the words “Lets welcome the next exciting dance Kathy!”Hearing this, I opened my eyes as large as possible, I was afraid to lose anything. Wearing a golden and shining skirt, Kathy appeared _4_, looking like a pretty butterfly flying. I could hardly believe my eyes._5_, I waited for her at the gate.“ Hi !”She stood in front of me with a big smile. “How do you feel?”“Fantastic!” I answered.“Haha. I knew you would be. ” She could not hide her excitement, laughing like a child.At that time, I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella (灰姑娘）.A. Here is the ticketB. She danced with a sweet smileC. After all the performance endedD. I arrived at the hall with the ticketE. But Kathy was not such kind of girl逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的记叙文，主要通过讲述作者观看了Kathy的一次跳舞表演，对她的印象有所改观的故事。1. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句意为“我希望你能来。”，浏览选项可知，如果要来观看表演的话，就一定要有票，所以选择A项，意为“这是票”。答案：A2. 解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。空格前句意为“什么？跳舞？那可能吗？”，空格后句意为“她是一个非常普通的女孩”，空格前后句句意相反，所以空格处应填一个具有转折关系的句子，浏览选项可知选E，意为“但是Kathy不是这种女孩”。答案：E3. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格后句意为“找到我的座位并坐下”，浏览选项可知应选D，意为“我拿着票到了大厅”，这道题要根据动作的连续性进行选择。答案：D4. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句意为“穿着一件金色的，华丽的裙子，Kathy出现了”，空格后句意为“看起来像一只漂亮的蝴蝶在飞舞”，所以空格处应该是描写跳舞时的状态的句子，浏览选项可知应该选B，意为“她带着甜美的微笑跳舞”。答案：B5. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格后句意为“我在大门处等她”，所以推断应该是表演结束了，浏览选项可知应该选C，意为“在表演结束之后”，这是明显的事件发生的先后关系。答案：C精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的五选五的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）并列逻辑1、3、4、5转折逻辑2指代逻辑因果逻辑总分逻辑能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义v. 忘记in a hurryadj.可能的dress upadj. 可怕的fall asleepasas possiblev. 出现adv. 几乎不fantasticadj. 二、句子英汉互译1. 对不起，我累得睡着了。_.2. 他急忙穿上衣服。_.3. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up._.4. At that time, I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella (灰姑娘）._.5. I hope to see him as soon as possible. _.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级人物传记/故事类记叙文1655-7分钟_/5Kevin Pearce, snowboard athlete (运动员), has come a long way since his accident on December 31, xx. 1 , when he fell and hurt his head. Luckily, he was wearing a helmet (头盔). 2 . He stayed in hospital for four months. He still cant remember several weeks of his life after the accident. Today, Pearce is still working hard to get his health back to 100%. 3 . A year ago, he couldnt walk straight. Now, he can not only walk, but he can also drive again. Pearce says he must thank his fans, his friends and especially his family. His parents and elder brothers have been by his side since the accident. 4 . He said he couldnt have got well so quickly without them. These days, Pearce is back on the snowboarding circuit (巡回比赛). 5 . He is on the road again and it is a new beginning for him. A. So far, he has made a lot of progressB. His brother, Adam, left his job to care for him full-timeC. But his head was badly hurt and he couldnt see or moveD. On that day, Pearce was training for the xx Winter Olympics E. Instead of competing for medals, hes giving opinions on athletes参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义forgetv. 忘记in a hurry匆忙，立刻possibleadj.可能的dress up打扮terribleadj. 可怕的fall asleep睡着，入睡asas possible尽可能appearv. 出现hardlyadv. 几乎不fantasticadj. 极好的二、句子英汉互译。1. I am sorry I was too tired to fall asleep. 2. He put on his clothes in a hurry. 3. 事实上，她真的不知道怎样打扮。4. 在那时，我意识到每个女孩都有一双像灰姑娘的水晶鞋一样的特殊的鞋子。5. 我希望能尽快见到他。阅读练习1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. E第5讲（下）朝阳一模阅读表达教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读表达中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读表达的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读表达中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读表达高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读表达解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读表达习题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读表达高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差shynessn.羞怯，害羞adj. shyfrightenedadj.受惊的，害怕的stopfrom doing阻止做某事according to根据，按照generallyadv.一般地，通常childhoodn.童年，儿童时期confidentadj.有信心的n. confidencecomfortableadj.舒适的，安逸的attituden.态度instead of代替，而不是长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. Shy people sometimes think that meeting new people means having to do a lot of talking.（优*良*差*）_句意：害羞的人有时认为会见新朋友意味着要说很多话。本句中包含着一个由that引导的宾语从句作think的宾语，在宾语从句中动名词短语meaning new people作句子的主语。2. Build your confidence and change your attitude towards meeting new people instead of worrying about how they will think of you, and think about what are good points you hope to find in the new person you will meet.（优*良*差*）_句意：建立你的自信，改变你对见新朋友的态度，而不是担心他们会怎样想你，要思考你希望从要会见的新朋友身上发现什么优点。本句较长，句中包含短语instead of“代替，而不是”，短语前后是两种观点态度，要分析清楚句子结构。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读表达解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读表达的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读表达的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读表达解题步骤第一步认真审题，读懂题意做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务是什么，再带着任务去阅读材料，这样就能做到心中有数，有针对性的去读，并能提高阅读效率。第二步快速浏览，掌握大意明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容，以及文章的感情基调，作者的意图、态度倾向。第三步细读题目，完成任务泛读全文之后，就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的对应，“跳读”的目的就是为细节寻找答案。第四步复读文章，核实任务完成所有任务后，还应结合题目再把全文通读一遍，认真核实答案，要注意句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓一致等。二、阅读表达解题技巧在阅读表达题型中，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成一项任务或解决一个问题，主要考察学生捕捉信息的能力，综合概括信息的能力和组织信息的能力。接下来将从细节题，是非题，主旨题和活用题四种题型的解题技巧进行讲解。题型题型一：细节题解题技巧细节题一般对人，事，地点，时间，原因及方式等进行提问，首先要审清题目要求，然后找出题目在文中出现的对应段落，直接作答或用自己的话进行转述。设题方式1. What is the writers question in Letter A?2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people?4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents jobs different from childrens jobs according to Letter A. 典题精析On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.问题：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“这个玻璃瓶在海里移动了多长时间？”，根据关键词“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可将答案锁定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 题型题型二：是非题解题技巧提问形式为一般疑问句，首先锁定范围，在范围内划出依据，然后使用Yes / No作答。设题方式1. Do parents have homework according to letter B?2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage?3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000?4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club?典题精析Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didnt break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didnt want to damage it. 问题：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx?解析：本题为是非题。题干意为“Marianne Winkler是在xx年发现这个瓶子的吗？”，根据第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。答案：Yes.题型题型三：主旨题解题技巧抓住文章结构，先总后分，先分后总还是总分总，确定总写在篇首还是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述几种情况，则综合全文或段落，用自己的话进行概括。中考阅读表达中的主旨大意题一般由两点或三点构成，常用的句型有：1. 介绍某个物体，新兴事物或抽象概念时：Whatis.2. 介绍某个人物时：Whois.3. 介绍做某事的方法时：How to do / How 4. 介绍某事物的优/缺点时：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of 例1. What is the passage mainly about?解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage?解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about?解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book.设题方式1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage?3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?4. What do you learn from this story?5. What is the purpose of this passage?典题精析Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.问题：What is the main idea of paragraph 4?解析：本题为段落主旨题。题干意为“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根据第四段段首句可知“澳大利亚允许更多的火自然燃烧”，而后面的内容解释的是这样做的原因是保持森林健康，综合这两点并运用in order to短语即可得出正确答案，应填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.题型题型四：活用题解题技巧主观性最强，需要准确把握主旨，围绕文章的中心观点列出要点，扩点成句，进行润色，但要注意不能不着边际，离题万里。设题方式1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why?2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?典题精析I think its only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but its good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when _.（北京朝阳期末）问题：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?解析：本题为活用题。题干意为“在letter B结尾的空白处能够填什么？”，这类题的答案比较灵活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要说的是孩子们在家里做一些家务能够帮助她们学会照顾自己，当_, 这一点是有用的。那么一定是孩子离开家，独自生活的时候，答案与此主题一致即可。答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own 语篇精讲浏览问题（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号选项1What does shyness mean?2Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage?3When do scientists think shyness usually begins?4Who can help shy people calm down?5What is the passage mainly about?通读寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文2876-8分钟_/5People always have different feelings. Among them is shyness. It means feeling frightened when you are around other people. Some children were born shy. Some become very shy later because of life experience. In fact, everyone gets a little shy sometimes. It depends on how shy you are. If shyness doesnt stop you from doing something you want to do, being shy isnt a big problem.According to scientists, shyness generally begins during childhood. Most of time，shyness is caused by peoples worry about what other people think of them，so shy people often find it very difficult to meet new people. This fear has bad effects on their work life, social life and love life. The following suggestions may be helpful for shy people.Find ways to relax when you go out .When you are old enough, consider drinking a glass of wine before heading out for the night. Talk with your friend or family member to help yourself calm down (平静).Look best when you go out. Wear something that makes you feel confident and comfortable. Listen carefully when people speak. Shy people sometimes think that meeting new people means having to do a lot of talking. You can ask simple questions and then listen to the answers. People love to feel like other people are listening to them and sharing their point of view.Build your confidence and change your attitude towards meeting new people instead of worrying about how they will think of you, and think about what are good points you hope to find in the new person you will meet.Try these suggestions if you do feel very shy. Hopefully you can enjoy your life better.1. What does shyness mean?_.2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage?_.3. When do scientists think shyness usually begins?_.4. Who can help shy people calm down?_.5. What is the passage mainly about?_.逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要介绍了什么是羞怯和怎样应付羞怯这个问题。1. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“羞怯是什么意思？”，根据题干可以锁定文章第一段关键句It means feeling frightened when you are around other people，意为“它意味着当你被其他人包围时感到害怕。”。答案：Shyness means feeling frightened when you are around other people. 2. 解析：本题为是非题。题干意为“根据文章，害羞总是一个大问题吗？”，根据题干锁定文章第一段关键句If shyness doesnt stop you from doing something you want to do, being shy isnt a big problem.意为“如果害羞不会阻止你做一些你想做的事，那么害羞不是一个大问题。”，即可推断出正确答案。答案：No.3. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“科学家们认为害羞通常什么时候开始？”，根据题干锁定文章第二段关键句According to scientists, shyness generally begins during childhood.意为“根据科学家，害羞一般在儿童时期开始”，即可以推断出正确答案。答案：During childhood. 4. 解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“谁能帮助害羞的人平静下来？”，根据题干锁定文章第三段关键句Talk with your friend or family member to help yourself calm down (平静).意为“和你的朋友或家庭成员聊天能帮助你自己平静下来。”，即可推断出正确答案为“Their friend and family member”，这里要注意人称的变换，your变为their。答案：Their friend and family member. 5. 解析：本题为主旨题。题干意为“文章主要讲的是什么？”，本题需要浏览全文作答，答案分为两个部分，第一部分为文章第一段，主要讲述的是害羞是什么，可用句型“Whatis”，即为“What shyness is”；第二部分主要根据第二段关键句The following suggestions may be helpful for shy people.作答，意为“下面的建议也许对害羞的人有帮助”，所以从第三段开始都在说怎么样处理害羞的方法，可以用句型“How to”，即为“How to deal with shyness”，用and连接两个部分即可推断出正确答案。答案：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读表达的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节题1、3、4是非题2主旨题5活用题能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义n.羞怯，害羞frightenedadj.阻止做某事according togenerallyadv.n.童年，儿童时期adj.有信心的comfortableadj.attituden.instead of二、句子英汉互译1. 他们俩都依章行事。_.2. 什么都阻止不了我们做这件事。_.3. Shy people sometimes think that meeting new people means having to do a lot of talking._.4. Build your confidence and change your attitu
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