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Module 3 Journey to space词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. earthearth为名词，意为“泥土，土壤”；earth为名词，还意为“地球”，通常需要在前面加上定冠词the。例如：The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。The floor is earth but hard. 虽然是泥地, 但是很坚实。The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。2. reach（1）reach意为“到达”，是及物动词，可以直接接宾语。例如：Ill call you as soon as I reach New York. 我一到达纽约就给你打电话。When we reached the station, the train had left. 当我们到达车站时，火车已经离开了。【拓展】表示“到达”的词汇还有get to和 arrive in。get to; arrive in; reach的辨析：get toarrive in/at + Beijing(地点名词)reachget + home; here; there(地点副词)arrive 例如：They arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他们昨天到的北京。He arrives at school at eight every morning. 他每天早上八点到达学校。When you arrive home, please give me a call. 到家的时候请给我打个电话。Theyll get to Beijing at six tonight.他们将在今晚六点到达北京。Ill get there on time. 我会按时到达那里。（2）reach意为“够得到”，后面直接接宾语。例如：He tries to get the apple above the shelf，but fails to reach it.他尽力去够架子上的苹果，但是没够着。3. yet(1) yet作副词，意为“到此时，至今，还，尚未”，用于否定句中。例如： We havent heard from him yet. 我们还没有收到他的来信。 Im not yet sure if we could win. 我还没有把握确定我们是否能赢。 (2) 作副词，意为“已经”，用于疑问句中。例如： Is everything ready yet? 一切准备就绪了吗？ Has the ship left yet? 轮船已经离开了吗？ (3) 作副词，意为“仍然，还是”，用于肯定句中。例如： Hes yet a child. 他还是个孩子。 (4) 作连词，意为“然而，可是”。例如： You can draw a horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year, why? 你能在五分钟之内画好一匹马，然而你却让我等了一年，为什么？ He trained hard all year, yet she didnt win a prize in the competition. 他全年都艰苦训练，然而在竞赛中却没能获奖。【拓展】 yet和already的辨析： yet用于疑问句或否定句时，放在句末。例如： Have you finished yet? 你完成了吗？ He hasnt done it yet. 他还没有干完呢。 already常用于肯定陈述句中，一般位于助动词之后，实义动词之前。例如： The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。4. alone(1) alone作副词，意为“单独地，孤独地”，相当于by oneself。例如： It was too heavy for me to carry the bag alone. 我独自背这个袋子，真是太重了。 (2) alone作形容词，意为“单独的，独自的”，只能作表语，不能作定语。例如： He was alone in the house. 他一个人在屋子里。 【辨析】alone和lonelyalone既可作形容词，也可作副词，表示“单独一人，无人相伴”，陈述客观事实。lonely只能作形容词，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”，带有强烈的感情色彩；此外，还可表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，常作定语。例如：Though the old man is alone, he doesnt feel lonely. 虽然那位老人是一个人，但他并不感到寂寞。My grandfather used to live in a lonely village.我爷爷过去住在一个偏僻的小村庄里。 5. discoverdiscover是动词，意为“发现”，其后可接名词、代词、疑问词+不定式及that从句等。例如： We never discovered how to open the box. 我们从未弄清楚如何打开这个盒子。 【拓展】 (1) discover意为“发现”，指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。例如： China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中国在南海发现了石油。 (2) find意为“找到、发现”，指偶然发现或经过一番寻找，找到值得或所需的东西，强调找的结果。例如： I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的书。 (3) find out意为“查明白、弄清楚”，多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况，查出的东西往往是抽象的，如时间、事实、真相等。例如： Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。 (4) invent意为“发明”指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。例如： Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。6. nonenone意为“没有，都不”，表示全部否定，可指人或物，常与of 连用，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可，接不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。常回答how many/much的问句。例如： How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ None. 一个也没有。None of us likes her. 我们当中没有一个人喜欢她。 【拓展】（1）no one = nobody意为“没有人”，单独作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式，其后不能接of结构。在简略回答中，回答who的问句。例如：Who is in the room? 谁在房间里？ No one. 没有人。Nobody will make friends with him.没有人愿意与他交朋友。 (2) nothing意为“没有什么，没有东西”，只能指物，常用来回答Whats in? 例如： Whats in the box? 箱子里有什么？ Nothing. 什么都没有。7. light（1）light作不可数名词，意为“光；光亮；光线”。例如：The sun gives out light and heat.太阳发出光和热。He read the letter by the light of the candle.他在烛光下读那封信。（2）light作可数名词，意为“电灯；光源”。例如;Dont cross the road when the traffic lights are red.当交通灯是红色时，不要横穿马路。（3）light作形容词，意为“轻的；浅色的”。例如：Is the box heavy or light?那箱子是重还是轻？I like the light green dress.我喜欢哪件浅绿色的裙子。（4）light作动词，意为“点燃；照亮”。例如：He sat down and lit a cigarette. 他坐下来，点了一支烟。8. finishfinish意为“完成，结束”，作及物动词时，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。即：finish sth.或finish doing sth.。例如： I finished my homework this morning. 我今天上午做完了作业。 When did you finish drawing the picture? 你什么时候画完那副画的？【拓展】 能接v.-ing作宾语的动词还有：practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。practice doing sth. 练习做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事keep doing sth. 一直做某事词汇精练I. 英汉短语互译。1be up to _2far away_3on the earth _4billions of _5as as_6没问题_7上网_8搜索_9多于，超过_10和某人交流_II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。1There are s_ books on the shelf2There is the earth，the sun，the moon and many other stars in the u_3We are a_ on the island，but we dont feel lonely4Shes j_ eaten her lunch5How do you change our e_? 6We sent the i_ to the earth.7Hes g_ to Beijing，so you cant see him nowIII. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1We all know the earth _(go)around the sun2There are _(billion)of stars in our galaxy3My mother isnt at homeShe _(go)to ShanghaiSo my father and I should take care of my old grandma4How large is the universe? No one _(know)5I have finished _(read)the book.IV. 选择方框中的单词填空。yet ever already for never1. Have you_ been to New York?2I havent been to New York_But Ill go there this summer.3I dont believe your family has owned a truck _ over 90 years.4My parents are _ late for work. They always get up early.5Hes _ told his parents about his plans【参考答案】I. 英汉短语互译。1忙于；正在做 2远离 3在地球上 4数以亿计的 5和一样6no problem 7go online 8search for 9more than10communicate with sb.II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。1several 2universe 3alone 4just 5environment 6information 7gone III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1 goes 2billions 3has gone 4knows 5reading IV. 选择方框中的单词填空。1. ever 2. yet 3. for 4. never 5.already句式精讲1. Lots of scientists are working in order to（1）本句中的in order to是一个固定搭配的短语，意思是“为了”，后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语，否定形式是在to前面加not。in order to可以和so as to 互换，但后者不能放在句首。例如：In order not to be late, you should go now. 为了不迟到，你现在应该走。（2）in order to+动词原形和so as to+动词原形可以转换成in order that+从句和so that+从句。例如：He did anything in order to make money.= He did anything in order that he could make money.为了赚钱，他什么都做。Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.=Please go in quietly so that we wont wake the baby. 请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。2. The sun and its planets are called the solar system.are called意为“被叫做；被称为”，是被动语态结构。它的结构是： be动词的过去分词。be有人称、时态和单复数形式的变化。各种时态的被动语态列表：时态被动语态的结构一般现在时am/is/are过去分词一般过去时was/were过去分词一般将来时will/shallbe过去分词现在进行时am/is/arebeing过去分词现在完成时have/hasbeen过去分词过去进行时was/werebeing过去分词过去将来时would/shouldbe过去分词过去完成时hadbeen过去分词被动语态的用法：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者的时候用被动语态。例如：My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行车昨天晚上被偷了。（2） 强调和突出动作的承受者的时候用被动语态。例如：The blackboard has been cleaned. 黑板已经被擦了。（3）没有必要指出动作的执行者的时候用被动语态。例如：The Great Wall was built thousands of years ago. 长城是数千年前建成的。3. I havent read anything as good as that for a long time. as good as意为“像一样好、如一样好”，用于比较状语从句。第一个as后接形容词或副词的原级。否定形式not so/asas意为“比不上；不如那么”。例如： I cant run as fast as I used to. 我跑得不如过去那样快。 Jack is not so/as clever as his elder sister.杰克不如他姐姐聪明。 【拓展】as的用法颇多，现将所学的其他用法归纳如下：(1) as作连词：1) “当时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事发生的过程中另一件事发生；或某事一发生，另一件事立即发生。例如： We walked into the garden as the music stopped. 音乐声一停，我们就走进了花园。 2) “因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句。例如： As we are both tired, lets stop to have a rest. 既然我们都累了，让我们停下来休息会吧。 3) “正如，照方法”，常引导非限制性定语从句。例如： As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。 4) “尽管，虽然”，常引导让步状语从句。例如： Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我虽然很小，可是对要从事的职业已胸有成竹了。(2) as作介词，意为“好像；作为、当作”。例如： work as a guider 当导游4. People all around the world watched their televisions waiting for watch sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”（表示正在进行的动作）。例如：We watched some young people running wildly in the street.我们看到一些年轻人正在街上狂跑。【拓展】辨析watch sb. doing sth.与watch sb. do sth.watch sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。例如：I watched a monkey eating bananas.我看见一只猴子正在吃香蕉。watch sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做过某事”，强调动作自始始终的全过程。例如：I watch them get on the bus.我看见他们上了公共汽车。5. have been/have gone（1）have been to地点名词，表示“曾经去过某地”，但现在不在那里, 后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。 My father has been to Beijing twice我父亲去过北京两次。 I have never been to the Great Wall我从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？（2）have gone to地点名词, 表示“去了某地”，可能已经达到或者在路途中，不在说话的现场。如果have gone to后接地点副词时，要省略to。Mr. Wang isnt hereHe has gone to Qingdao王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。Where is Jim？吉姆在哪里？ He has gone to England他去英国了。句式精练I. 句型转换。1He has read the book Who Moved My Cheese(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) _2 Mary has already visited the Summer Palace(改为否定句)_3I have learned hundreds of new words(改为同义句)I have learned _ _ new words4I cant run as quickly as my sister(改为同义句) My sister can run _ _ _me5They havent seen each other for years(就划线部分提问) _ _ _they seen each other?II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1很多航天员已经去过太空站。 A lot of _ have _ _ _ the space station.2他们都不知道保护环境。 _ of them know _ _ the _.3我不可能同陌生人交谈。 Its _ for me _ _ _ strangers4宇宙飞船已经到达月球。 The _ has _ _ the moon5科学家们在月球上发现水了吗？ Have the _ _ water on the moon?III. 用havehas been或havehas gone填空1Wheres Jim? He _ to Guilin2I _ to the West LakeLook! I have taken many photos on it3She _ to the park；she will be back in two hours4We _ to the bookshop and bought many books5I _ to Hong Kong twice6I _ never _ to the beach in Sanya7The Blacks _ just _ to Chongqing Im afraid you cant see themIV. 补全对话。A. Oh, here it comes. B. It doesnt matter. C. Im sorry for that. D. What can I do for you?David: Excuse me. Waitress: Yes? 1 David: I ordered my dish half an hour ago, but I havent got it yet. Waitress: 2 Im going to see if its ready. (The waitress comes back from the kitchen. )David: Sir, Ive just checked with the kitchen and your food will come up next. 3 .David: Thank you. Waitress: Please enjoy your food. Again, Im sorry that I have kept you waiting so long. David: 4 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 【参考答案】I. 句型转换。1Has he read the book Who Moved My Cheese? Yes，he has 2Mary hasnt visited the Summer Palace yet 3several hundred 4more quickly than 5How long haventII. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1Astronauts; already been to2None; to protect, environment3impossible; to communicate with4spaceship; arrived on5scientists discoveredIII. 用havehas been或havehas gone填空。1. has gone 2have been 3has gone 4have been 5have been 6. have; been 7. have; goneIV. 补全对话。1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B
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