2019版中考英语专题复习 28 阅读理解（四）教案.doc

2019版中考英语专题复习 28 阅读理解（四）教案【教学目标】让学生熟知阅读理解七选五题型，了解完七选五命题目的，掌握七选五答题技巧。【重点难点】 让学生掌握阅读理解七选五解题技巧和步骤 ，提高做七选五题目的能力。【命题目的】 主要是考查考生的概括，归纳，比较和逻辑推理能力。本题型要求考生在理解全文的基础上对文章中未做明确交代的细节，段落主旨，作者态度等方面进行高度概括和判断。而且对整篇文章进行深层理解。 对阅读理解七选五的考查主要集中在以下两个方面： 1. 考查考生把握文章结构的把握能力。 2. 根据上下文进行逻辑推理的能力。【真题例析】根据下面短文内容，选择最佳答案。Your brain controls everything you do. It makes it possible for you to think, learn, create and feel; to blink(眨眼) and breathe and for your heart to beatthis fantastic control center is your brain. 1._Can this small grey organ (器官)，which weighs less than one and a half kilos, really do so much? Amazingly, your brain contains about 100 billion neurons (神经元）it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all. 2._ Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the world. And although one neuron creates only a little electricity, all your neurons together can produce enough electricity to power a light bulb (灯泡).So exactly how fast does your brain work? 3._ Neurons in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses other neurons to send the message back to your foot to shake the bee off quickly. 4._ No computer has your brains unbelievable ability to deal with the amount of information coming from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs. But how does your brain allow you to learn things that you will use in the future? The structure (结构) of your brain changes every time you have a new thought, remember or learn something. 5._ How? As you practice, your brain sends “bike riding” messages again and again. Soon, the actions are learnt and you are able to ride a bike easily from then on.A. Well, imagine this: a bee lands on your foot.B. Therefore, it is not surprising to see that somebody with average intelligence (智力) can have excellent performances in some fields.C. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops.D. It is so amazing that a famous scientist once called it “the most complex (复杂) thing we have yet discovered in our universe”.E. The brain is the boss of the bodyF. These neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour. G. For example, riding a bike seems impossible at first, but soon you are able to do it.参考答案:1. D【解析】根据本段首句“Your brain controls everything you do.”可知本段与人脑神奇的功能相关。结合备选项可知D项与前句衔接，故选D。2. C【解析】根据前句“Amazingly, your brain contains about 100 billion neurons (神经元）.”及后面涉及到的“神经系统传递的信息量之大”可知人脑不停地在运作，故选C。3. A【解析】根据前句的问题“So exactly how fast does your brain work?”及后句“人脑通过其他的神经元给脚部传输信息，然后快速地把蜜蜂赶走”可知此处以蜜蜂趴在人的脚上为例来证实人脑的工作速度有多快。结合备选项可知A项与后句衔接，故选A。4. F【解析】根据后句“No computer has your brains unbelievable ability to deal with .”可知本句与传输信息的能力相关。结合备选项可知F项与后句衔接，故选F。5. G【解析】根据后句“As you practice, your brain sends bike riding messages again and again. 可知本句与骑自行车相关。结合备选项可知G项与后文衔接，故选G。【答题技巧】 解题策略：总的原则: “分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键”。（1）越过空格，通读全文，了解大意。（2）通读选项，抓住其关键词语，明确各选项的大致意思。（3）回到空格处，根据空格在段落中的位置判断设空类型。（主旨；过渡；细节）（4）定位选项。 根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中。（5）确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。 解题方法：快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段，首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子，目的是掌握文章的主要内容，了解大意。1. 同词出现法。词汇同现是指属于同一词汇或者跟此词汇相关同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。2. 词汇复现法。复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。双保险：上下文再核实一下3. 代词线索。英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。4. 逻辑关系衔接。解答议论文体的阅读填句题,首先要把握好所论述的中心问题.通常所挖空缺与选项都以一条主线为主。其次,此类文章中经常出现一些逻辑关系词,对于理解文章与判定答案很有帮助。解题技巧：速读全文，关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题浏览选项，理解全篇逻辑关系,找出关键词运用上下文所重复的关键词推断利用同义词和近义词关系利用词的上下义关系利用反义词、过渡词关系理清结构与逻辑关系，确定答案【板书设计】【教后反思】